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i am daniel jadwe, a citizen of chile, originally from palestine, born like so many other palestinians around the world in the diaspora. chile has one of the largest communities outside the arab world. it is said that we are close to 300 thous, but we are millions spread across the face of the earth, far from our homeland, but committed to the identity, history and struggle of our people of our land. which is and will forever be palestine. hello everyone, you are very welcomed. children and adolescents are usually considered throughout the world as the future of societies. however, today in palestine, palestinian children adolescents are being brutally massacred before the complicit eyes of the entire world. israel has always wanted. erased the history of the

palestinian nation, and now it seeks to annihilate their future. i invite you to deal deeper to analyze and to learn more through the following video. it should be known.

unfortunately, what we have just seen are not isolated events, they are part of a permanent, historical, systematic policy of

israel that has been murdering palestinian children during their daily aggression against the palestinian refugee camps, imprisoning children under 15 years of age throughout the history of the. according to the palestinian ministry of health, more than 10,000 children have been murdered, which represents more than 40% of the total number of victims, likewise more than 70 victim. are so far under the rubble, of which 70% are minors. this is while the number of the murdered children increases by the minute. we have lost many people in our family and all gazons have lost a number of their relatives. our mental health is also

affected and we have lost many things. we want to return to our homes and our lands, we want to return to gaza because we are already tired from living in schools. the children are deeply... terrified. for example, my brother gets scared when he hears the bombings. we are very tired and we want this to end so we can return to our homes. the occupation is there controlling the quantities and quality of the humanitarian aid entering the gaza strip and using it as a weapon to indirectly kill gazans. that is why more than 80% of the gaza population here suffers from hunger and there are days when they cannot find anything eat. the little food. down here comes from the black market with excessively high prices and we cannot afford to buy. we can't tolerate this situation anymore. our whole life has become about standing in line to get food. we have to stand in line for getting water. we have to wait in very long lines even to go to the

bathroom. it happens a lot that we spend our entire day in various lines. we are exhausted. our life has become a nightmare. my brother wants eat chocolate and cookies, but we can't provide these things for. enough is enough, we are tired, enough is enough. there is nothing. the situation is very difficult. i want eat many things and i can't find anything eat, and the prices are very expensive and we cannot buy it every day. we want the prices to return to normal so that we can buy food eat and be able to feed ourselves and our families. despite the fear and terror in which this population lived, in addition to the inhumane condition. to which they are subjected, they assure that they are willing to resist and fight against the israeli enemy in order to liberate al-aqsa mosk and expelled the occupiers from lands of the palestinians. we have been here in rafa for more than 30 days resisting. today i woke up to the news that my family had died and

that our neighborhood in the northern area had been totally destroyed and all our homes have been destroyed and our family has died, but this is all for the sake of al. and we are ready sacrifice our lives to liberate it. the regime's desire to deliberately attack palestinian children is subjugating the palestinian people and ending their... hope of living free from israeli occupation. the only thing gazans want at this moment is to end the war and be able to return to their lands and their homes with the victory of the palestinian resistance. with the continuous attacks and bombings of houses as well as hospitals and schools for refugees. the total number of children murdered by the israeli regime in the gaza strip has exceeded 40% of the total victims. these crimes have also not been reported. more than 90% of gaza strip children suffer. the situation we have

witnessed is truly catastrophic and no one in the world can deny it, however, the ethical and the moral bankruptcy of the west, the western powers and all those who in one way or another support the israeli genocide or simply turn a blind eye and have chosen to look away so as not to pressure israel. and the united states to stop the massacer, they have practically made the supposed universal values of the west, just terrible joke. i cannot end this part without sending a greeting and paying tribute to the journalist huda hijazi, because recently her house has been bombed, her family has been suffering tremendous persecution, and all the work she has already done in these circumstances is simply heroic. next, i want to invite you to learn a little more.

"a land without a people for people without a land, intending with this deeply zionist narrative to legitimize illegal immigration to palestine, in times of persecution, not towards some jewish communities in europe. you could tell us a little more about the origin of the presence of the palestinian people in the land of palestine and how far they go back." yes, well excellent question,

thanks for the question. the first comment that i would make based on this expression, in order to understand that palestinian history has been distorted, has been invented, let's say following a fundamentally zionist and colonial paradigm is that of course the expression a land with without people, for people without land is fundamentally part of the colonial discourses the 19th century, of the european powers, when they colonized territories, they occupied the concept of tenulius or wasteland or emptyland. the british historian arnold toinbi in history study says, we europeans, when we colonize territory, take for granted that the inhabitants who live there are part the flora, fauna. they did... the existence the original population, and it is what we have been witnessed to till now, just as the

palestinian people have experienced it, all the populations and indigenous peoples of asia, africa and america, so invisibilization or often what happens and we see it today in zienius discourses, in the genocide that is being committed in gaza, this also accompanied by dehumanization or animalization. that said, i think it's key to note that, "we should refer to the ancient history of palestine. we're not going to reconstruct it completely, but it is key realize that in the area of palestine, there have been since ancient times urban centers that were practically created in the bronze age. the eurocentric history on which biblical archaeology is built, on which it is intended to impose a discourse and narrative that eliminates humanity or that excludes the true history that was created in that. territory is precisely associated with the existence of urban centers since ancient

times. one of the oldest human settlements in the bronze age is the city of jericho, which dates back to at least 900 bc. throughout that area, effectively, because of its fertility in the area of palestine, it gave rise to an important evolution of or let's say creation of urban centers, and later in that iron age from the year 2,500 to 1000 bc, it was accompanied by series of waves of human groups that lived in the arabian peninsula, which in historiography studies the western history. in some way refers to them by the expression semitic peoples. effectively, what european linguistics does there is to appeal to a terminology that goes back to the 10th chapter of genesis by shem, one of the sons of noah. so, it is important to realize that the substratum that will inhabit the area of palestine is fundamentally associated with the so-called

semitic peoples, which from my perspective, we should call the arabian peoples, since their... comes from the arabian peninsula, and we have had towns there since ancient times, right? mean, the sacadians, the arameans and cananites. kanaan was also known in the area of palestine and later also the hebrews, because there is no connection between the ancient hebrews who were part of this complex movement of history, were also inhabiting the territory a certain period, and obviously later also the phinicians and other peoples who had formed. a complex whole were closely associated with arabism since ancient times. this is the fundamental characteristic of historical palestine. it is associated with multiculturalism, with set of human groups that used to interact in the territory, and this gave rise to an identity, and this identity is fundamentally in that territory and is obviously associated with

cultural diversity, interculturality and possibility of the recognition of the legitimacy of the inhabitants of that territory, and secondly, we must also insist on the fundamentally arab stratum of the territory, which is not associated with the expansion of islam in the seventh century, which was effectively consolidated there. in addition, we must insist on the expansion of an arabization of the territory, whose presence, its arab presence actually dates back to several hundred centuries, let's say before the expansion of islam, because of the prevalence. of arabism throughout the near east region, so there's a long tradition, right? it's important to know that this territory is inhabited by an original population that created urban centers, which was closely linked to what is known as the nazda or the arab cultural renaissance in the 19th century. it was not an uninhabited territory, it was inhabited by a population

with a long historical tradition closely associated with the 19th century with the... cultural renaissance, semi-rural society, but whose fundamental urban centers were linked to the other arab urban centers in the region to beirot in lebanon. i would say that such expansion is the most synthetical way to refer to inhabited palestine with ancient history and with a long urban tradition, and also with cities that were closely linked to commer since ancient times. origin with very rich cultural life associated with various traditions and with a plathora of religions from christianity to islam. this territory was home to an arab jewish population who inhabited there and was fundamentally identified with an identity, with an arab identity in the territory of palestine with a palestinian identity that was part of it. we could call this multiple identities which are

not exclusive, right? exclusion, segregation, the inability to build diversity happened through. well, my name is natalia arcos and my question has to do with what the social and political organizations were like in the palestinian territory, let's say in the 20th century or even before the occupation, let's say in the ottoman empire, or under the british colony, how was society organized, what if there really was a time when there was a palestinian state for example or

anything like that? palestina fue parte del imperio. palestine was part of the turkish ottoman empire until the fall and total dismemberment of the turkish ottoman empire at the end of the first world war, but during the 19th century and since the rise of the turks in control of the islamic arab space, palestine was part of the great province known as bilatas sham, normally translated like greater syria. therefore, it was part of that complex intercultural space where palestine, in one way or another, was part of that. territory of that great province and effectively enjoyed important urban centers. indeed, the cities had, let's say, a direct relationship and association and direct interact. with the agricultural areas, but it was a space that enjoyed certain autonomy under the turkish ottoman empire. the ottoman administration had an organization with the

so-called or provinces. there were also subdivisions within the territory, but effectively, let's say there was an important space of organization and administration. there was an organization on the part of the same population of the territory and of families that participated in that. repression fundamentally in the urban centers as an important one, like an important region with that great province. of course, the topic changes fundamentally after the arrival the british empire, right? let's remember that the entire arab area, the magrab region of north africa was colonized by the great empires, mainly french and english, colonizing the territories, exploiting the territories, stealing their raw materials, imposing the... exploitation of cheap labor and etc. the for the projection of the great franco british empires at the end of the first world war was based on promises made by

the british, for example the well-known ballford declaration, where before the end of the first world war, the british had already promised a jewish national home in palestine and made the palestinian population invisible in that declaration, maintaining the non- jewish population of the territory. their civil and religious rights were going to be respected given that they were 95% of the population and that there was an arab jewish population that was integrated in this multicultural diversity. so of course palestine was subject to the division imposed by the famous saiko agreement made between france and great britain before the end of the first world war. the territory is subdivided into political entities in syria, lebanon and the emirate of trump. the british system over palestine imposes rigorous military administration that begins to

facilitate the fulfillment of the promises and at made to the zianist movement in great britain led by leonel rosschild. he was also linked to the economic interests of the region, the four in palestine, a system of segregation, exclusion and the first elements linked to a system of. separation from the settlers who arrive in the region are going to be imposed, a sense of the anti-semitic phenomena, which is a fundamental european phenomenon. the arabs as well as the palestinians and the inhabitants of the region have an origin linked to the concept of semitic or the arab whose fundamental population substratums in, as mentioned before, the arabian peninsula, then there is an imposition of a military regime that will facilitate the colonization of the term. by separation system, an ideology that is linked to colonial interests fundamentally in the area, in the territory of palestine. theodore herzel, founder of the zyanus movement in his

book, the jewish state, has pointed to an advance of europe against asia, an advance of civilization against barbarity, therefore zionism has it built in both in its speech and in its action, a colonial mode operandi that implies the imposition of an ethnocentrism in the territory that will gradually exclude and displace the original population of the territory with the objective of founding a state that serves the interests of great britain in the period between the end of the first world war until the nakba day and the expulsion of more than half of the territory's population and disappearance of palestine from the map in 1947-1948. therefore effectively there's a contrast between the... palestin of today and what it was and the richness of its society, its interculturality, it's development, its agriculture. palestine was not a desert, nor

was it wasteland or empty territory, it was society with set of elements and important cultural and economic development, political development, important entities managed participatively by the native population. its fundamental fracture occurs with the arrival of european colonization on the figure of the mandates granted by the league of nations, which was a part of the orientalist discourse, and let us quote here a palestinan thinker who come up with this distinction of the world, supposedly a civilized, rational, a specific, peace loving, democratic west versus a fundamentally islamic, violent, fanatical, irrational east, incompatible with currency, incompatible with progress, so in that context, zionism and appropriates the ethnic nationalism in which zionism had been forged in europe, transfers it and implants it in the palestinian territory. zionism

undoubtedly appropriate. it's the palestinian territory with the aim of displacing the original population and installing a state based on the colonial interests of great britain at that time and today it is there to serve the colonial interests of the united states and undoubtedly the complicity of europe. practically they avoid the effective creation of a state that will return the palestinian territory to palestinians where the multicultural diverse communities of christians, jews and muslims used to live together.

from the point of view of the coexistence of the arab states in the region have indeed been a disaster. first, it's a disaster and a catastrophe, as the word nak calls it in arabic, for the palestinan society. it has disappeared palestine from the map. it is effectively imposed an ethnocentric, monoreligious state. homogenizing process which seeks to import and impose a colonial society which is excluded, segregated and converted the palestinian territory into a space fundamentally apart, carrying out a permanent process of ethnic cleansing. what consequences has the appearance of zionism brought to the geopolitical panorama of the region? well, the nakba refers to not only what happened in 1948 with the expulsion of the palestinian population, but it is a

continent. continuous process, what the world is witnessed today, the genocide in gaza and the ethnic cleansing which is in process, are in fact the continuation of the appearance of zionism, an israeli sociologist kimerling believes that they're destroying the political, social, cultural, economic existence of palestinian society to effectively replace it with a colonial estate, therefore, from the point of view of society and the palestinian people, it has meant a catastrophe, a continuous. from the point of view of geopolitics, the israel regime undoubtedly is answer, as theodore herzel stated to the need for the great colonial interests and for imperialism to have foothold that is hegemman in the region, and that in one way or another protects their economic, political and geopolitical interests by controlling the region of the arab world. this is also implied breaking a dynamic of coexistence between the arab

states trying to subplant the notion. the arab world for the notion of the middle east where israel becomes the hijaman. this is why the open door policy is always there for relations with the arab states. israel should be in some way the great supplier of technologies, weapons and cyber security with the aim of luring the states of the region. so in that sense, a state, or better say a regime is imposed there a project that is intended to be concluded in this last final stage of the kockpot. to definitely exclude and destroy palestinian society and have a german regime that controls the region and the arab states, so in that sense a policy of relations with arab states is imposed, acting helpfully based on the interests of israelism and obviously of the power that supports it, which is the united states. thank you very much ricardo for accepting this invitation, i hope to be able to meet you soon in some of

the activities for. thank you very much daniel for your invitation to this program, it is important to be able to make the situation visible and to be able effectively to give an account, let's say a views of history that effectively position the history of palestine and what is happening with the gravity that it has, let's say in the genocide that is ongoing, so thank you very much for this opportunity, thank you. well, effectively, the appearance of sionism in the arab world not only ended centuries and millenia of multiculturalism, interculturality, but also means a setback and betrayal of the paradigm of supposed modernity that soughts to form perpetual peace from the installation in the world of universal brotherhood. in the next part of

the program. i invite you to learn a little more about the palestinian diaspora in chile through the interview with the journalist and writer lena mervan. well we are back and in this section we are going to learn a little more about the palestinian diaspora, this great community that exists outside the arab world through interviewing a chilean literature professor and writer of palestinian origin who accompanies us. i present to you lina mervan, thank you very much for being here and i invite you to watch a video to learn more about lina algo. the discrimination at the beginning of the 20th century force families who arrived in chile to assimilate forgetting their native

language privately some customs and feelings that her palestinian grandparents brought with them remain, the food, the history, they need to return to her land. lena's grandfather tried without success in 1967. he died. without setting food in palestine again. lina is a writer and teacher, her work has been translated into 12 languages and has been awarded in chile, mexico, canada and germany, among other countries. in 2022, she received the order of palestine for culture, science and arts, which was very significant to her. i received it in the name of my grandparents, she says, those who were never able to return to palestine. first, i welcome you. lina, thank you for accepting this invitation. let's start by asking about the day you migrated. when does your family arrive in chile, under what circumstances, and why do they begin the journey and this tremendous journey until they...