we're all inspired by tales of true and desperate heroism which stir the sense of justice that resides deep in our souls, even when we're not aware of it. this is human nature. the world documented battle of carbala that occurred about 1400 years ago is such a tale. in... preparation for the forth coming days of morning in memory of imam hussein and his household, peace be upon them everyone does whatever they can. هر سال of با شروع ماه محرم هر کسیشو به امام حسین به یک صورتی نمایش میده. برادت ما به امام حسین به این صورت.

با شروع محرم تو محله های مختلف تهران هیئتهای زیادی هستش اینجا هم خیلی جالبه که گوشه ای از واقعه کربلا رو و عاشورا رو داره نمایش میده برای مردم 50 islam left this earth, there was

anarchy and disarray everywhere you looked, all because of a ruler who was simply numb to the suffering of his people. all the things prophet muhammad, peace be upon him had for. thought for were slipping away. it was then that imam hussain saw other way but to speak up. imagine, it's ashura all those many centuries ago. two armies are facing each other, 72 against thousands and thousands in the desert, in the middle of nowhere in present day iran. a day of great deeds most divine and also terrible evil. divine in its innocence, in its sacrifice, and yet. in its gallantry and steadfastness and evil in its disloyalty, duplicity, treachery and cold flooded salvagery.

ashura literally means the 10th day, but not any 10th day. when it is arted, it allows to a day of reckening in late 7th century, a day that has been remembered ever since without fail, both with tears for a great loss and with hearts filled with the warmth of pride and longing for a man and his household and band of companions who stood fast against tyranny and hypocrisy. we all teach right and wrong to our children. the 40 days of morning held during the lunar month of muharram is just that. every year we remember events that remind us that what came to pass should never happen again. the cries that were committed against those who had been raised and nurtured by a great prophet and his hogeny

should never be repeated. our hearts can't help but fill with all and longing by tales of gallantry. gallantry displayed. ashura during these days of morning religious parades are held in all cities, people want to, indeed, need to express their grief. people, no matter where they are, understand the concept of giving away food, just to the needy, but to fulfill a promise, satisfy an obligation or heartfelt desire. here in iran, this is called nazri. people you see here are giving away food in remembrance of the epic day of ashura.

"the day of ashura is reaching its end. the evening is known as shame ghariban. we're all lighting candles, praying for the souls who are lost to us, praying for the people in need, praying for our family and friends and praying for ourselves. imam hussein and his companions knew that they were facing certain death, but they never had a choice. when you fight for justice and truth against deceat and treachery. you have no choice but to stand fast. the grandson of the prophet of islam, hussain ibn ali, peace be upon him, spoke on this day against injustice and deceat, with his words, with his deeds, and with his life. this is why this story, this

historic tale of innocence, has been worthy of recounting ever since. think not of those who are slain in the way of god is dead, for they are alive with their lord by. provided, this is gonnadi for iran. there are many deserts in iran, some are coastal and some central. this vast land is the shahddad desert. it's a part of the central desert of luth, which is one of the

largest, widest and driest salty deserts on the earth. shahdad desert is located. in northeastern part of keran province of iran. the desert is famous for its high yardangs. or caloots, which are sandpiles in shape of a streamline hills that have been generated by the stream soil and water erosion extended in the whole area. the calluts have been carved out of a surface by the wind. the highest callut in shahddad desert is about 138 meters high. shahta desert is one of the hottest spots in the world. the surface of the desert

is holy matted with black volcano lava and the surrounding rocks stringly observe the heat of the desert son. in summertime, the temperature of the desert rises up to 70 degrees centigrade, which is the hottest temperature ever recorded on the surface of the earth. the high temperature has resulted in reporting that rarely living creatures can live in this desert. there is no doubt that water determines life situation everywhere, as the desert is almost rainless

and arid, water is not easily accessible and the living conditions are almost intolerable. shahddad desert is area with few plants and vegetation. palms are among the few planted species in the desert and sweet dates are the main agricultural products of the region. there's a huge difference of temperature between days and nights of the desert, due to

the favorable day temperature in winter, which is about 30 degrees centigrade, shahdad desert is a perfect spot for tourism in winter, and some say from november to april. starry nights. the pleasant silence, black and white sands, and the salty earth are among the attractions and add to the magnificence of shahdad desert.

all options are on the table. we are not taking any options off the table. no options off the table means i'm considering all options. somebody is killing iranian nuclear scientists. united states is manufacturing a false premise for confronting iran, for what reason? regime change.

what's going on everyone, here back with a brand new episode of iran tech, today i'm at hondab, a city in ak province, check out very significant uh facility for iran's nuclear program uh, this is the uh this is the hondab heavywater production. facility uh and it's a very important part of iran's 20-year vision document for its nuclear program and the main source of income for iran's nuclear program uh thanks to the extremely high quality. heavy water that is produced here and is exported to all the trees that require heavy water, so join me on this journey as we talk about how heavy water is made, its significance and its importance to iran's nuclear program uh as well as a couple of other isotopes that are also made in this facility.

so first of all, what even is heavy water and why do we need such a massive facility be able to get it? heavy water is put simply water with very high concentration of deuterium. what is deuterium? deuterium is an isotope of hydrogen. an isotope of any element is uh that element with a different number of neutrons. hydrogen typically has

one single neutron. deuterium is hydrogen with two neutrons so one additional neutron which makes it heavier, hence the name heavy water. so uh, you pretty much know the chemical formula of water, it's h2oh representing hydrogen, and in a hydrogen molecule, we have this one neutron, and in order to be able to extract the very little amounts of deuterium that is already in uh water, it's naturally occurring, we already have some deuterium in regular water uh... we need to go through verious process to be able to extract that amount of uh heavy water from the regular water to be able to get it up to a 99.9% purity uh because in regular water we have very minuscule amount of deuterium more specifically 147 ppm that is parts per

million or in other words for every 7,000 molecules of water (h2o) we have one single molecule of d2o, so uh in order to see how we actually get this heavy water and what goes on in these massive towers behind me, let's take a closer look inside with some schemata to be able to understand it better. the extraction process begins with the intake of regular water from nearby sources. this water contains both normal hydrogen and deturium atoms. the gritlor sulphide process is a widely used method to extract heavy water. water flows through series of columns filled with hydrogen sulfide gas in these columns a chemical exchange occurs deterium atoms in the water have a higher affinity for hydrogen sulphide forming deterium sulphide or d2s. duterium sulphide is separated from the mixture using a process of distillation with the deterium sulphide being heavier settles and is drawn off from the bottom while the

lighter hydrogen sulfide rises and is recycled back into the system. in another series of columns deterium. reacts with fresh water transferring the deturium atoms back to form heavy water or d2o. this process is repeated multiple times to increase the concentration of deturium until the resulting heavy water is then collected and stored. ready for use in nuclear reactors and other applications. from regular water intake to the final extraction, the gritler sulphide process efficiently separates deterium to produce heavy water. a vital component in modern nuclear. technology, this intricate process highlights the advanced technology and precision required to produce heavy water at the hondab heavywater plant. now let's focus on some of the usages of this tererium, this heavy water. there are a couple of

categories uh that used in for nuclear reactors and for non-nuclear purposes. first let's focus on the use of heavy water in nuclear reactors, particularly research reactors. i need to do a little bit of refresher on nuclear fusion as a whole process before i explain the usage of heavy water in it. nuclear fusion is essentially neutron hits the nucleus of a metastable uranium 235 and it splits it into two releasing two or three neutrons and a couple of product nuclei along with a lot of energy. but for that neutron to be able to split this atom in two it needs. have very specific level of energy and speed, now in order for that neutron to have that low of energy and low speed uh once it is released from the nucleus uranium 235, it needs to be surrounded by heavy water, otherwise it won't have the same level of energy that is necessary to keep the chain reaction going and the reaction will stop and there will be

no chain reaction. so that's the usage of uh heavy water in nuclear reactors. now let's focus in on the second category of its use. getting stable isotope is another use of the hunda heavy water facility which plays a crucial role in various fields from medicine to environmental science. heavy water plants like the one in hundab harness these stable isotope, particularly deturium, key component in heavy water. deturium has numerous applications in medicine, durium labeled compounds aid and drug development and metabolic studies, tracing drug pathways within the body. in environmental science, stable isotopes trace water sources and study water movement within ecosystems, helping a water quality, study climate change and manage resources. in chemistry and geology, stable isotopes are used in isotope, ratio mass, spectrometry to analyze substances and

date rocks. in archaeology, we uncle the origins and diets of ancient civilizations. agriculture benefits from studying nutrient cycles leading to more sustainable farming practices. heavy water plants support stable isotope research and applications across science, medicine, and industry, driving innovation and understanding in multiple disciplines. now let's talk about another isotope that is produced in this same facility uh with the similar processes uh, i'm talking about distillation that was also used in producing heavy water, and that isotope is uh the isotope of oxygen 18, the naturally occurring isotope of oxygen is oxygen 16, so what is oxygen 18 used for? well, in case you don't remember uh, in a previous episode we did a we did an episode a particular radio pharmaceutical called fdg (fluorodisoxyglucose) which was used to

diagnose different types of cancer uh and the main ingredient for that particular radio pharmaceutical was fluorine, more specifically the radio isotope of fluorine, fluorine 18, and how do we get florine 18? well by by the neutron bombardment. of oxygen 18 and here's how we get that oxygen 18. heavy water facilities like hondab are essential for producing stable isotopes like oxygen 18. the process starts with regular water contains oxygen isotopes. using fractional distillation, water is heated and cooled repeatedly. since oxygen 18 has a higher boiling point, it concentrates in the remaining liquid phase. another method is electrolysis where water is split in hydrogen. in oxygen gases, lighter oxygen 16 favors electrolysis, leaving behind water enriched in oxygen 18. enriched oxygen 18 is

then extracted and purified, it's used in pet scans for medical diagnostics and an environmental science to study water sources and climate change. heavy water facilities thus play a crucial role in providing this valuable isotope for diverse applications. so now you know how heavy water is produced, now there's an infinite amount of things we can do with this heavy water and more specifically with the deuterium within this heavy water. i'm going to tell you about one the use cases here uh, but we're definitely going to have to cover all of these use cases, at least parts of these use cases future episode. when you think about a drug, a common drug, uh, we're talking about the different bonds between carbon and hydrogen. that's pretty much what all drugs are made out of uh and the the different structure of these carbon hydrogen bonds will carry out different tasks in different drugs, but if we were to replace some of the strands that are

some of the strands of carbon and hydrogen bonds in a drug with a carbon and deuterium bond it would make it 10 times stronger, not the drug, but the bond between carbon and deuterium is 10 times stronger than uh the bond between carbon and hydrogen uh so for the active part of the drug where it needs to be absorbed by the body, we will not replace the hydrogen with deuterium so that it can be absorbed so that the bond can be broken, but in the non-active parts, the the parts that actually create side effects from the drug in the patient's body, we will replace the hydrogen with deuterium so that it cannot be dissolved in the body and be absorbed by by the cells, that means that only the active part will be absorbed and the parts that we don't like that we can't get rid of in a typical drug will just pass through and essentially we will have a drug with no side effect, that's just one of the things that we can do with deuterium that now we have in this heavy water, there's an infinite amount of things that we can do with. "let me give

you a bit of a perspective on how iran has managed to steal the competition when it comes to its heavy water production, so imagine this, it took india nearly 12 years to develop the technology necessary to produce its own heavy water, and that is while uh india has enjoyed all the benefits that come with being a member of the international atomic energy agency, which mainly come in form of uh the sharing of technology among nuclear countries. it only took iran four years to develop that same technology while enjoying none of the benefits that come with being a member of the iaea, so that should tell you about the significance of this achievement, not to mention all of the other achievements that came with it in the form of creating and producing deuterium solvents and deuterium products which we're definitely going to cover in future episode, and with that said we've the end of this episode of iran tech, many thanks for watching, i'll see you all next time.

خب خوش آمدین این بچه که میبینی بچه بچه هم هست ازدواجی که کردیم من با خانمم گفتم ببین من دوست دارم از ایران برم بیرون یه جا دیگه زندگی کنم اون زمین قبلی فکری که نسبت به مجاهدین داشتم تو این تبلیغات ها من جوون بودم فکر می کردم که حالا دیگه الان اینا دیگه میرن تهرانو بگیرن بزنم منم باهاشون باشم دیگه عقل نیفتم از غافله اینا سوا هواپما که شدیم رسیدیم به بغداد دیدم که اصلاً سازمان رنگش کلاً عوض شد این

مجاهدین خلق اون گروه نفاق. که بهش می بنددن همون گروه نفاقه یعنی ظاهرشون یه چیزه باطنشون چیز دیگهست سمت راستی راضیه است اینم خواهرشه حدود بهمن ۶۶ که رفتیم توی عراق بعد از دو سال من برگشتم این هنوز اونجا هستش یعنی حدود ۲۵ سال اونجاست بابا بهم می گفت مامان مامانت میاد. the headlines at press tv, more than 141 more palestinians are killed and some 400 others injured in just one day of the israeli.

inside the war in gaza, muslims in iran and around the world host special morning ceremonies on the eve of thosa, and the fbi raids the home of thomas matthew crooks who tried to assassinate donald trump in his campaign rally.