go up next on the cost of everything, the cost of clean water. the water is a basic human need and is required for drinking to support sanitation and hygiene, sustain life and health. the access to both water and sanitation or human rights.

but while that is true, unlike air and sunlight, water is not free. it comes with a big price tag and someone's gotta pay for tat toilets and sold their human inventions. and the systems that carry potable water or waste away are costly and require constant maintenance. i'm christy, i'm, you're watching the cost of everything we're today. we're going to be diving into the overlooked value water and the cost to those without. the government's are under an obligation to provide water and sanitation to all at a fair price is dependent on their ability to pay. but providing water and sanitation, free of charge for everyone would deplete government resources and revenues needed to expand and upgrade the services that we need to drive rapid progress. so to give

the right value to water and sanitation services, we need to take into account the benefits the services bring to people such as improved living conditions and productivity, reduced health care costs and involvement in the workplace. worldwide, 844000000 people like access to drinking water and 2300000000 do not have access to the trans or other basic sanitation facilities. this causes an increased risk for the spread of infectious diseases which can lead to a loss in human life and cause that economic burden on society. contaminated water and poor sanitation are among the leading causes of death for children under 5 as they develop critical health issues. in the u. s. at least 2000000 americans don't have running water or working toilet at home. a crisis which costs the us economy 8500000000 dollars each year. these water issues disproportionately impact indigenous tribes. people of color immigrants, low income people,

and those living in rural areas. households without water and sanitation access spend on average $15800.00 a year. more than other households and health care costs loss productivity at work and other issues. purchasing bottle drinking water costs a family and average of a $1350.00 a year. it is estimated that achieving universal access to safe drinking water and sanitation in a $140.00 low to middle income countries would cost about a $114000000000.00 per year and to secure clean water and sanitation for all people by 2030 the costs would exceed a trillion dollars. so who's going to flip that bill? well today or joined by mohammed, my mood director of the climate and water program. now mohammed can you provide an overview of the current global situation regarding access to clean water and developing nations and the current challenges people face and accessing clean water?

yeah, absolutely. you know, it's crazy to think today we still on a global sense, access to clean water and sanitation services are still very much an issue for large segments of the developing world and rural communities in areas that have issues and finding water resources or being able to transport water to where it is needed. it's still very much an issue and we see that today water is in this problematic and a number of ways in terms of the challenges, opposes even in developing nations in terms of securing adequate water resources. but the fundamental aspect of being able to find safe, clean drinking water, the most basic of, of human services when it comes to water supply is still an issue in developing nations. and how critical is the issue of water scarcity and lack of access to clean water in these regions?

and how has the lack of access to clean water affected your community? i mean, water is a cross cutting issue regardless of the economic status of different countries. different communities have different cities. like i said at the most basic level in areas where communities or countries are hard to fit in terms of to nomics sustainability. communities that don't have basic water infrastructure that's able to deliver water from various sources, whether it's ground water or surface water systems. uh, that infrastructure is non existent. and that's when you have the issue of clean water not being available for those communities. at the most basic level, but water scarcity also affects develops nations or, or, or countries that even have robust water infrastructure of systems or, or plentiful sources of water supply or the 1st water supply portfolio. a part of

that is because of the impact of climate change affecting even though systems and areas where countries already have a robust water supply to date. and so water scarcity, not just, doesn't only just affect developing nations also affects the developed nations in terms of supply available. and then also transporting water from where it is to where it's needed. climate change is increasing warming so that it increases the rate of fast ration and surface water systems in places where water stored in dams and reservoirs, and then also inflates. uh, water demand. how much water is traditionally being used also increases because of the effective warming from climate change. and so water scarcity is multi dimensional. in that regard, how has technology improved access to clean water and how expensive our water purification plants to build technology has helped in certain regards. but one thing we also need to consider is developing nations or,

or communities that might not have the financial resources to implement large scale water infrastructure. projects may not be able to readily mainstream or incorporate technologies that may be resource intensive, either in terms of energy or in terms of costs. so i'll give you an example. in places where water is generally garrison middle east has a good example of this and coastal parts of them. at least the countries have shifted to the solid nation. absent sufficient groundwater supplies, absence, surface water systems and rivers. but the foundation comes, are cost, not just construction costs, and how long it takes to build these types of plans, but they require a lot of energy to be able to do salt sea water into drinking water. and so that energy also comes out of costs. so there's technologies that can help address part of the water scarcity and, and clean water issue. but the implementation also depends on country to country

and community community. and you'll see that there are now efforts or developments on more grass roots local level community level technological improvements that are low tech. but kat could have a high impact for rural and low communities that may be. busy large scale advancements in technology, a lot of projects may not be as feasible. thank you so much mohammed, but please stick around. mohammed will stay with us right here after the break. and when we come back, we will take a look at countries with the war, sanitation facilities and why there's many problems in u. s. society now that they're facing because the, their model is again, it's not able to fulfill the expectations of people guessing growth in, in, in, in homeless mass us and growth in poverty. this is

a lot of traffic ations on the people who say so that they need to find a way to, to vote for, you know, solving their own problems and not trying to police the world, the investing in water and sanitation systems so that everyone has safe reliable affordable service is a definition of a no brainer. a recent studies show that access to toilets with safely manage sanitation could yield up to $86000000000.00 per year in greater productivity and reduced health costs. sanitation is also the 1st line of defense and protection against infectious diseases such as cove it and access to clean water can really improve health outcomes in many cases with little need for additional expensive infrastructure. but while governments have made some improvements over the past

decades, it has not kept up with the population growth in the developing world. asia has the worst sanitation with 1770000000 people, short of adequate facilities, and only 35 percent. a waste water is treated globally 80 percent of waste water is released to the environment without any treatment. and this is the biggest source of water pollution. this polluted water is linked to many diseases including cholera, hepatitis, a typhoid, and polio. meanwhile, africa performed the worst in terms of drinking water. it is estimated that 300000000 people on the continent, which is more than a 3rd of the population have no fixed supply. and although venezuela ranks as one of the world's top 15 countries and renewable fresh water resources, the ongoing economic crisis has severely disruptive, continuous access to clean water and basic sanitation for nearly 8 out of every 10

venezuelans. even with the government price controls, a bottle of water costs around $3.00, but the minimum wage at $8.00 per month, queen drinking water is out of reach for many. water insecurity also leads to a number of other insecurities. if you don't have enough water to grow food, you will also end up with food in security. around 70 percent of fresh water globally goes towards agriculture and about a 3rd of the world. cities already compete with agriculture for water. competition will only increase as the urban demand for water is predicted to grow by 80 percent within the next 3 decades. now there are a handful of countries that have access of a 100 percent access to safe drinking water. this includes rece, iceland quake, lichtenstein malta, monica new zealand, san marino and singapore. and on the opposite end of the spectrum,

country is where it less than 20 percent of the population of access to safe drinking water include chad. the central african republic, sierra leone lawanda and e, c o, b a. so for this and more let spring, and again mohammed, my mood director of the climate and water program mohammed, what are some of the main challenges in implementing water infrastructure and developing nations? i think there's several challenges are probably the easiest one to draw on. first is a financial capacity to fund those types of projects. so it's always been a call for many, many years. and certainly in the climate change context of developed nations being able to support developing nations to be more sustainable and the climate context. for example, we talked about how it developed nations that have achieved a sort of industrial efficiency through decades have contributed the most to

emissions in the atmosphere that have accelerated climate change. and does have impacted developing nations or climate. fundable nations disproportionately. i think there's a similar track you can look at when you talk about a lot of security for developing nations and they and the climate change track warming is impacting moder supplies. we mentioned earlier. but similarly, if you look at developing nations that have historically suffered under the yoke of colonialism, where countries have come in, sort of extracted resources to the benefits european colonial powers and so forth. that has had a effect that has propagated through decades to the current time. and so those countries not having sufficient financial resources available today. or there's a link with that to what's happened in terms of colonialism in the past. but that is, should be a call to action for developed countries to be able to help support developing

countries in, in garnering the client, the financing needed to support water, large scale water infrastructure projects. another issue with application of, of parts going for structure water for what water infrastructure projects in developing nations is operation. so you could build it if you have sufficient resources, maybe you can continue to maintain it. but there is, becomes an issue of operation and making sure that main and maintenance does continue onward some time. the reason i bring this up is i used the example of what happened in libya several weeks ago, probably a couple of months ago at this point. where the dam collapsed and during that following the huge storm daniel that dumped a huge amount of rain on that coastal city of 3rd and livia. the storm by itself was damaging, but not to the point to what else, what to the point of what ultimately happens, the devastation, the mass devastation really occurred because of the failure of those dams. and part

of that is because of insufficient resources to continue to maintain those dams and operate them efficiently. and so some of the, some aspects of dam operations were left to huge disrepair, which ultimately led to the failure of those 2 upstream dams. and then added that enormous surge of water that, that led to the really serious devastation that occurred. and maybe so financial resources aren't just necessary to construct these projects, but to continue to maintain them. and then on top of that resources in terms of scaling up the scale of, of citizens and, and the technical expertise within those developing nations to operate those systems. so it's an ongoing issue in terms of being able to have those water infrastructure projects continue to be sustainable and operational and those and those developing countries are there innovative solutions or programs that have shown promise and addressing these issues? yeah, i mean, i've talked about the local community level solutions and you see this a lot,

you know, start ups or small groups that have developed low tech ways of extracting safe water from clean drinking water sources. whether it be a groundwater or a surface, you know, lakes or, or streams that otherwise would be contaminated and require treatment before being consumed. but then there's also other taking ologies and efforts that look to address the water scarce to be profit before we even get to the clean drinking water issue in terms of available supply. some are to be considered a little bit french. they appear to be but have been and operation for a while. so i'll give you an example of what looks like science fiction. but it's actually been in places. folks have heard of whether modification or cloud seating the idea of, of enhancing storms to produce more rain. and those are programs that have been

and then effect in all parts of the world. certainly some areas, some countries have more robust programs and other western us has a pretty robust cloud to the program in different states. in the u, a. e, of saudi arabia embarked on this fully parts of north africa. i've done this off and on in the past, but the issue, i think when it comes to address the water scare, so the problem is there is not a magic bullet. the approach is to use a diverse set of tools to be able to address the water scarce the issue and then of course subsequently access the clean water supply other ideas. and this is probably more in the urban setting. uh, maybe not so applicable in all developing nations, but maybe in the urban areas or cities of developing that's where you'll see most of the population reside. is this idea of enhanced water recycling or urban water use, where you would take wastewater that is essentially discharged from water consumption

in homes and residential areas and for sanitation purposes and clean it to the extent to at least be able to reuse that for non drinking water uses for farming and irrigation and agriculture or, and this will be more costly, of course, trip to drinking water standards. and that exists in several cities and countries that have implemented such a, such an approach. it's uh, the, the issue of it is more of an optics this, you know, putting aside the cost aspect of people negatively refer to it as a toilet to top, which is very productive. it's actually more complex than that because we have systems that treat water from non portable to drinking. and we have systems that are already treat water from wastewater to, to, to potable. so it's just a matter of connecting those closing the loop or the circuit on both of those. but there's absolutely innovative ideas and how to diversify available water supply to address this issue. to what extent is global cooperation essential and addressing

the water crisis and developing nations? it's essential partly because of the cost issue we talked about. and there are, i mean, there are efforts certainly in terms of outreach and implementation of improving access to safe and clean drinking water from the developed world. so you see a lot of n g owes and see a lot of, you know, on the ground organizations, whether they're individual of organizations or groups or under the umbrella of larger organizations like the united nations, to be able to build a local community projects for, for a lot of communities that in developing countries that are most hard hit in terms of their ability to, to acquire safe drinking water. uh to, to make that happen. you see a lot of philanthropic organizations that support the construction of groundwater wells and in rural and remote areas for communities that otherwise would not have

a radical, readily available supply of water. so international collaboration helps to facilitate some of that. not just as a high level between country, the country where governments want to address their internal issues of available water supply for the, for all of their citizens, both in urban areas in rural areas as well. but i think also from a to community level with external organizations that help to build low tech, simple potential solutions to at least ease some of the burden of, of those communities to be able to access a clean and safe drinking water. and can you share some examples of countries or communities that have successfully improved access to clean water and what lessons can be learned from them? i mean, it's a, it's a mixed bag if you, you can address part of the problem. but, but other aspects of the problem remain and it becomes more of

a governance issue. so, and what ends up happening unfortunately, is certainly if we look at a lot of resource systems that are shared. and so i use the example of either the now river basin sticking to them at least again, or even the tigris euphrates system, with the aspect of climate change with expanded warming less water being reduced at the headwaters of these rivers, meaning the higher elevation part where water is generated to those 2 accumulation of snow and that's no mouth which is a run off from, from, from the mountains. um, the traditional approach is to build the reservoirs and tabs, and historically, that's been the case seeing that in those river systems as well. but what ends up happening is, unfortunately becomes a 0 sum game where countries that are at the higher end of the system will tend to store more nowadays will tend to store more water in the reservoirs to kind of

protect themselves or boost their available water supply. to meet their various water needs at various levels to the detriment of those down the street. so their situations were upstream. nations have through the use of, of reservoirs and dams protected their ability to access water supply. but that's a very downstream and in the case of the tigris euphrates, you see this with a rock which is suffering extreme everett if acacia partly brought on because of the uh, the reduction of water supply and those rivers. and so, yes, there are cases where countries certainly if it's a shared water system, gain a benefit through various methods of water storage, certainly surface bar storage, but then that has a negative implication to other countries downstream. are there a specific initiatives or policies that are proven to be particularly effective in addressing these issues? yeah, i think the, the one way to really move forward and this,

and it's very challenging now because of, of a water scarcity and trout brought on by intense level of warming we've been experiencing on average the last few years because of climate change. i mean this year itself a few than anywhere in the northern hemisphere, the summer northern hemisphere, summer you've experienced some level of extreme heat that is fixed. that's been extraordinarily high compared to what you may have experience in the past. and that has led us to be on track almost an almost certainty that this year is going to be the warmest your record. um, but what that means is that we have to be more creative in terms of how we manage existing water supplies. and one of the successes or ways to do that, to answer your question more directly, is looking at various ways to shore up or think for the same water that we receive or different countries or communities or nations receive increase that water

footprint. and we've talked about looking at water, argumentation, ideas such as cloud seating to increase the precipitation or rain. we briefly talked about the sol nation as bringing in sea water and treating it. yes, there's costs associated with that. but then the flip side is also to look at water conservation. can we be more efficient in our water use? and there's certainly success stories there where and also room for improvement in different countries where how we use our water can be more efficient. how we use our water residentially in terms of urban water, you send them out. this may be more flexible for develop nations and developing nations. and also how we use our water for agriculture. growing food is the most water, consumptive or water intensive use. most of the water use, i think about 6070 percent on efforts worldwide goes towards growing food for irrigation and food production in agriculture. can we make that more efficient?

and absolutely we can. there's certainly ways to do that shifting to drip irrigation or even sprints irrigation. so the fluttering issue, it's crazy to think that there's a lot of parts of the world that still use flood irrigation as a way to water their crops savings. there could be huge in terms of taking that water that safe and putting it to, to, to other uses or retaining it for future use and sort of extending the viability of our water supply. there's also huge losses that occur in transmitting water. it's another interesting or unfortunate statistic, a you may have heard is up to 40 to 50 percent of water transmitted to urban areas . and jordan, for example, is loss due to water and efficiency or illegal sort of diversions from the network that's that's, that's an extraordinarily shoots amount of water that could be utilized for, for other other resources. so, but there are efforts that look at how do we be more efficient in water use?

how do we argument our water supply? and then how do we operate our water systems, reservoirs and water infrastructure more efficiently, to minimize losses and to, and to be more responsive to the needs of our communities and our on our different consumptive water uses. um, so there certainly certainly there's a lot of examples i feel like i don't, i don't know. i don't, i don't know even which one to pick for you more specifically over the other but they do exist. thank you so much mohammed for all your time today. so wow, access to clean, safe drinking water should be a basic human right. as it is literally live saving, it comes at a cost water pipe infrastructure must 1st be built for access and then the water needs to undergo treatments such as sedimentation field, traction, and this infection in order to be safe for consumption. whether they be subsidized by welfare neighborhoods or by the government,

it is infrastructure that is critically necessary in many parts of the world today . i'm crispy, i thanks for watching and we'll see you right back here next time on the cost of everything. the news already those lights can be started by lawrence. please can be scattered by true importance of wiki links can never be kind of a study. since that transparency is extraordinary. john mystic patrice then just succeeded in finding documents that existed in making them available to the public. i mean, what could be more holding back by publishing information and sharing information with the public. he was exercising the rights for a speech he did so in the public interest. so mom realized tends to me uh and

endlessly, to relate continuously. and i know why advice may know who is the guy that illegal anymore wisely bought. adjustments for to be on box weighing a 175 used to go through the of sense it's all we going to let that stay the and by the middle of the 19th century, he, practically the whole of india had been under the rule of the british and by the colonial authorities that impose that heavy death, bringing the people into poverty, ex, 40 natural resources. and moreover,

these authorities absolutely had no consideration for the physicians of the local population, treating them like 2nd class citizens. the british were showing signs of disrespect even to the operated with them. the facts of ignoring the religious believes of the hindus led them. you may also see boys mercenary soldiers serving under the british crown. 3000000000 began on the 10th of may 1857 in the garrison town of may river north of india, the form of abuse. the rebels quickly took over daily that he rode the resistance of the indian people lasted for one and a half years. however, the forces were not in the colonial authorities, dealt with the rebels, cruel, late fee and slaves. the boys were tied to the mouth of the cannon and were shot right through their bodies for the amusement of the populace. this type of execution was called the devil's with the obliteration of the mutiny resulted in the death of 800000 inhabitants of the indians. however,

the british empire never broke the free spirit of the indians and their will will resist the news that as a special genocide of intent is the router in the belief that in fact the enemy is not just the middle type of waiting club. how much is embedded in the property of public opinion life? because south africa accuses israel of carrying out a war of genocidal intense against the entire palestinian population of gaza. the international court of justice of the hague is hearing victoria's law should against tell of these as dozens of countries, faxes, the motion, uranian army confirms the seizure of an oil tanker that was previously confiscated by us authorities under sanctions against iran.