and they generally pay for things in cash, money orders, or prepaid debit cards, a lack of money, trust and privacy concerns are 3 of the main reasons why people remain on banked. the main reason is that people can't meet the banks. minimum requirement balances, lack of trust and banking institutions was also a big reason as given the history of lending discrimination experienced by blacks and latinos in the u. s. as they have been targeted for predatory lending, including sub prime mortgages. recent immigrants have also experience banking crisis in their countries of origin, so they may also lack trust in banks. there are more than 1700000000 adults who are on bank, that is just under a quarter of the global population. while most of us take access to financial services for granted, the on bank have no access or protection for their money from desks or loss, they're more likely to be poor and to stay poor as well. financial exclusion is

expensive as it impacts people's quality of life and prevents them from investing in their future. it leaves them with limited safeguards, if they lose their job or fall ill, making them vulnerable to predatory lenders. women account for most of the on bank making it 56 percent of all. i'm banked adults globally, even in countries with a small percentage of and bank individuals, women account for the most. well, financial exclusion is costly, not only for those directly affected, it also impedes nations, economic growth and development, broader access to banking, savings, and lending products couldn't boost g d p by up to 14 percent in large emerging countries such as india and up to 30 percent in frontier economies, such as kenya, to barriers to providing this population with banking services have increased over the century. traditional banks tightened credit access in the wake of the global

financial crisis. and now it can take up to 6 months just to open a bank account. but there is hope the advent of fintech and the rise in smartphone usage is nearing the chasm in respect to financial inclusion. the indian governments digital india initiative aims to transform the country into intentionally enabled society. and this has significantly increased financial inclusion in india, particularly among the on bank to population. according to the world bank, the percentage of adults with a bank account in india, search from 35 percent in 2011 to 80 percent and 2021 largely due to the government's efforts to promote financial inclusion. india has the fastest fintech wealth within the acceptance rate of 87 percent compared to the 64 percent global average. however, despite increased internet usage and tremendous growth, a 190000000 indians are still on banked. india is an economy where 90 percent of

transactions are still made in cash. in countries like kenya and nigeria and south africa are also at the forefront of advocates. spin teck boom, things to high smartphone penetration. fintech startups are able to give applicant customers a level of access that traditional banks did not offer. and now today we're joined by professor richard wolf, economist and founder of democracy at work. now, professor, could you provide an overview of the global on bank population and our, their regional variances and the prevalence of and bank individuals and what factors contribute to these disparities? yes, uh, the number one, the overwhelming cause of people being on binary. and by that we simply mean lacking access to the normal collection of banking activities, banking services, savings account, checking, account, credit cards,

loans of barriers towards the basic and fundamental reason today is the same one that existed 2050, a 100 years ago. it's poverty, it's the quality of wealth and income. let me explain briefly. first of all, banking is a profit making industry in most parts of the world and has been in most cases. there are some examples of governments taking over banks. there are some examples of credit unions and other collective forms of banking, but the overwhelming dominant form of banking activity is as a private enterprise operation. therefore, it's number one objective. it's bottom line has been profit profitability. and the reality is,

since it costs money to deliver banking services and they want them to be profitable, the banks charge significance amounts of money for providing banking services, $1.00 way or another to. and the problem is that huge parts of every country. some more, some less but huge parts of most countries are too poor to make banking profitable, serving them. so these people are ignored by the system. the bottom way to describe this a basic way you are, there's not enough profit in certain communities in certain parts of the world. basically the poor parts. there's not enough profit for banks to go in to those

parts of the world to do that. but the while you're watching our change adoption, know we have to break it into that. so. busy now let's bring you some breaking news . the un security council is currently holding a meeting initiated by russia about the recent incident in which you. busy shut down the play and carrying thousands of buz. let's take a listen. no, it is all to be representative of the russian federation homeless, which is to take the floor and i am going to give him this, especially with the simplest of that. thank you mr. president. first of all, i'm going to be clear of what i'm going to say to make sure that the french public had no illusions about what is going on. and now i will try to voice my statement in french in your native language, the mr. president. so we thought we would like to express our indignation ok for an

vapor chalet to show and by the french presidency. as regards the organizing emergency may change that we have asked in the council. on the 24th of january, a terrible tragedy took place, a russian play in aust, down through a terrace by calf and bringing in his wake. the death of 74 passengers, most over them were prisoners opposed to war, ukrainians, printers, prisoners, or were who were to be exchanged. they ukrainian general staff recognized immediately as their involvement and discharged august. even though the to a very quickly there. after that, we drew that statements and trying to pretend that this had never happened. we immediately ask for an emergency meeting or security council on the same day on the 24th of january. and the party, as is the practice for the council meeting. so the presidency,

conscientious countries has presidency usually meet those requests inconvenient, such meetings within 3 hours over their request. the time table over the council allowed to 4 days to take place up to 3 p. m. in the wake of the meeting, the, the follow up of the image in the middle east was planned. and of course, we didn't argue with us because that terrible situation, gaza is at subject of very high importance country to what was being done by a western colleagues. so we um, regularly ask for meetings on this. however, the remaining number of the delegations on the list of speakers on this topic, the middle east, allowed enough time to have a briefing on this incident. that incident with our plan should take place immediately thereafter, bound to the french presidency categorically refused to do with is and the normal procedures scheduled to the meeting that we ask for at the last possible

time the wheel, the evening of the next day of the 25th of january and we see mister president in your actions, those same officials algorithm in january earlier in january you will have to late as much as possible the security council meeting that we had asked in the wake over the impression of the united states and then all eyes against a silver and state of government. you own also scheduled us with a great deal of delay despite the fact that there were openings in the time table of the console. and them scheduled it late in the evening to choke up the set a meeting as much as possible as it was a disconcerting for you and your classic m allies. and let me say frankly, we are very disappointed by the conduct across the board for always very power to both day and pick well contact attempted and pro conduct in the security council. i

state show themselves very worthy of over that, but they seem to have come to, to the complacency together with the alternative conference in nato. you, mister president, you abandoned. it was a very appearance of impartiality in your duties, which was praised by the representative of kia of lover years back to you, a member of the security council of the united nations, your present state, where they are very glorious diplomatic history and tradition offices. the, we ask you to, and the resistance of the pressure of the confront, open, critical thinking, pressure of all over the you of a nato solidarity and place don't place the interest of nato mt if above your duties as president of the u. n. and we're wondering whether this conduct,

this kind of behavior is, is worthy of, you know, i think you assume we see, i think the represented the russian federation for the statement. i do not wish to prolong this exchange too long. we had to deal with an important matter of substance. i would have liked to be able to explain myself in tosto his language, but i couldn't do that. unfortunately, i would like to make a couple of comments the yesterday as president of the security council. in the 2nd part of the morning, i received a request to hold an urgent need to inform you that request was telling you that the a seat get a hold of me. so this was for me to shoot in this way by the russians federation to the the presidency believed at that point. that was the debate on the situation and goes as you have undermined yourself just needed to continue on. so there were around 25 speakers remaining from the list i as far as i remember. and it seems

necessary for me that given the seriousness of the situation doesn't become all these member states should be able to express themselves such. and all you gotta do is also because of the urgent to assure the kids that goes uh, let's see what they testable. so get me along to the situation guys. so this is why we're programmed the reaching that you were asking for urgently, carefully checking with scott mitchell with the same women. and having also looked at the various reference works myself, i learned see this in dallas on this. you also have to put this through, there are a number of interpretations of this that can be made things organized within 3 hours. i unfortunately was not able to do that yesterday with my old number. those could have done this within 48 hours because save us of mister do's, explain option did when it is an urgent only meeting which is within fortune. tell

us what must happen. cartridges. and if we wanted to be within 24 hours, it must be an emergency meeting. nothing urgent stating the i'd scott generally says as soon as possible he said to you, so i organized this meeting as soon as possible and i do wish to stress. oh, so the tight take take a cover. certainly the was not through through a politicized point of view, but in terms of the need to you before and then the states of this account. so in particular, the elected members who do not necessarily have all the information to hand immediately remotely. they might need a little more time to inform themselves about the situation and therefore hold today and will productive and best to informed me to let me know. thank you very much. the soon to have to go. so to 7 of the provisional rules, the procedure of this council i invite the representative of you've trained to participate in this. me think it is so decided to for me more,

i don't want to have to go. so to 9 of the professional, who is the procedure of the council? i invite ms. rose meet with decarlo. once he gets his extra general for political size and practice, the piece is on building to participate in this meeting is so decided because i must know the secure to come. so we'll know what to do. don't consider i to, to most of its agenda as a whole, and i give the flow to miss rosalie decala super incident. yesterday, it was reported that a russian aisle, $76.00, military transport plane crushed in the belgrade region of the russian federation. near the border of ukraine, killing everyone on board. according to russian authorities, the plane was carrying 65 ukrainian prisoners of war, 6 russian crew members, and 3 russian military personnel. according to ukrainian authorities,

the plain may have been carrying missiles for russia's military system. we understand both russia and ukraine are conducting separate investigations into the incident. and ukraine has called for an international pro. united nations is not in the position to verify these reports for the circumstances of crush. what is clear is that the incident took place in the context of russia's invasion of ukraine and ongoing war to avoid further escalation. we urge all concerned to freeze rain from actions, rhetoric, or allegations that could further fuel already dangerous conflict. mister president, in one month, we will mark the tragic milestone of 2 years since russia launched its full scale invasion of ukraine inviolate in violation of the un charter and international law

. and today is already the security council's 4th meeting on ukraine since the beginning of the year. in recent weeks, the scale intensity of the tax against ukraine have only grown highlighting the dangers to directory of the war. shelling and missile strikes and civilian areas continue to kill and maim civilians and cause massive destruction to critical infrastructure. in total since february 2020 to the office of the high commissioner for human rights. as recorded 10312 civilians killed including 576 children and 19530 more injured. including 1277 children, the seniors continue to rapidly rise. on 23 january at least 18 civilians were reportedly killed in more than a $130.00 injured in. russ russian middle missile strikes across ukraine and king

of the latest attacks injured civilians and cause damage to civilian buildings including those next to the united nations office. in hard case, 10 civilians were reportedly killed and 66 injured. the city continues to experience repeated airstrikes, and the consequences are devastating. the recent month is the most intense in terms of a tax and civilian casualties that the city has experience since september 2022 . ariel cells also cause loss and destruction in the pro, in augusta for the more on sunday 21, january 828 civilians were reportedly killed in 30 injured in showing on the russian controlled and craning and city of done yet cross border strikes were also

reportedly expanding inside the russian federation, reaching beyond the immediate boarder regence, the secretary general has been on ambiguous, in condemning all attacks on civilians and civilian infrastructure. wherever they occur. they are prohibited under international law and must stop immediately. the recent incident and the val good region with it's claimed link to a planned prisoner exchange reminds us of the plight of prisoners of war as we remain deeply concerned about their treatment. since february 2022, the u. n. has interviewed over 280 ukrainian po w's who returned from russian captivity. just in the past week. our colleagues and the human rights monitoring mission and ukraine interviewed 31 prisoners of war, who returned an early january. what we hear in these interviews is here only

only very few had been able to communicate with their families during internment. over 90 percent say they were tortured. many said they did not receive enough food or medical treatment they urgently needed. we continue to urge the russian federation to provide independent international monitors on federal access to p, o w's. the parties must fulfill their obligations under the geneva conventions, and we come in ukraine for the progress made in this regard. earlier this month, we welcome the latest exchange of prisoners of war between ukraine and the russian federation. not withstanding the circumstances of yesterday's incidents, the fate of prisoners of war should not be instrumental lice. we urge the parties to continue pursuing exchanges of prisoners of war. families of both sides are

waiting to be reunited with their loved ones to mr. president's war and you cream is a war of choice. it's tragic consequences are clear for all of us to see the longer it less and more death and destruction it causes and the more it eats away at the norms agreed to ensure and maintain a peaceful and secure world. in the united nations remains ready to support any meaningful efforts to lay the groundwork for just lasting and comprehensive peace in line with the you in charge or international law and resolutions of the general assembly. thank you, mr. president. your mfc man. don't really think about moving to color to the phone a whole that briefing and i will now give the flow to those members of the council who wished to make a statement. starting with the representative of the russian federation,

especially because it comes to present. now this includes to conclude our procedural exchange, where they do let me just simply state and briefly about the work that you mentioned given all of its significance does not play any role of a security council is not part of the as you went through. so security council rules, it was just a point of reference and we regret that you just cited to determine, you know, state, you know, police, how urgently meeting is or isn't be we a guided by practice and practice shows on the 30th of december after our request of the, after the previous active to her by k up against the bill girl, the ecuadorian, the presidency convened a meeting on the very same day. and that's a behavior of responsible presidency. your action given or with all due respect. that's the other i owe to you. it's very disingenuous. so mister president, we ask for an emergency meeting, obviously here which account so that this is related to yet another heinous act of

terror by the landscape regime, the armed forces of ukraine. um, in the bone growth hold us down to a rush in military transport. mcclane the old 7606 cru, 65 p o w 's, ukrainian p o w. but that was used to who would it be exchange and 3, accompanying people. it is only because of the harris, i'm a pilot who or until the very last moment trying to move the plane away from residential areas. no one on the ground didn't suffer. and all of the information that we have to do show that we are dealing with a premeditated assault through crime because the leadership of ukraine knew the route very well knew about the way the soldiers were going to transport it to the place of exchange. it was to take place yesterday on the 24th of january and the 2nd and in the 2nd part of the day. and this is not the 1st such operation, but this time, the care for dream. for some inexplicable reason,

decided to sabotage vis a procedure and do it in the most bad barbaric way possible. because as it was shown by a preliminary investigation, this act of tara by u. a. b y f was done by using an internal aircraft or complex from lipsy in the heart of mobilizing launch is indicating that this could either be an american patriot or iris key, which is german manufacturer. and we'll see if this becomes the confirm to of that these were some countries which some applied to of these um weaponry will become direct participants of this crime as their accomplices of a you a f when western weaponry is being used to show residential areas in brussels cities, these heinous act set by the landscape regime simply the provider of course, they still have any kind of control. busy where they are um, from forces by they've shown good. once again though they're incapable of any kind of negotiations and that there is a huge,

inhumane just they are ready to sacrifice their own citizens to western geo political interest. so this is no longer a secret for anyone in ukraine. this is what is being done nowadays, where ukrainian men being gang pressed on the streets of cities and sent as cannon fodder to the front in violation of the brain as low as you can to landscape. and his cleanings are calling this mobilizations that i bought the act of attorney yesterday is going even further than that. the soldiers who were to be exchanged yesterday were but waited and expected by their families. their exchange was agreed with the brand new inside of this has already, this happened done many times before. but for some inexplicable reason for the key of they decided to eliminate their own citizens together with the russians who were accompanying them. this is exactly what was found by the ukrainian hunt in 2022 and 2 lives when they carried out a strike against yolanda across where won't ukrainian po, double squirrels. so they're so 50 people just agencies for died then for news. are

we um, possibly hoping for an ex group explanation from the key or bridge him today. what happened was that a lack of coordination amongst the premium um, armed forces north someone's initiative or a crime which is beyond any kind of moral disability. but everything, the way i've seen so far was a very primitive and cowardly attempt by the representative. so the key of authorities to go against that will be, is fox and not take responsibility for this. and by doing this, they have got good carried away in their lives and are now digging a greater and greater hold for themselves. immediately after this act of terror, i'm the general staff of us had issued a self congratulatory statement stating that the plane was down intentionally by the ukrainian military. and this news was immediately disseminated also in the ukrainian i'm mass media r b k, you credit and union and your brain and cropped up from the body as information

started appearing of that of the ukrainian p, o w's were on the plane, then panic, then started to cover up their tracks, and they 1st acknowledgement that this was done by the way of work crudely demetrius from internet. at the same time, new versions are being introduced, one more absurd than other. for example, this information is being put around that is 76 with terry miss. i also have it was flying from either egypt or bell garage and there were no ukrainians. po, w's on board is another school of thought of ukraine in propaganda. this is also not particularly the new tradition. they are trying to place the blame on russia. i have no doubt that the western politics today are also going to engage in word play today with the only goal in mind to shield the, the key of the public key of regime as much as possible. certainly they, the people in key of a could not care less about the russians ukrainians who died because there is

a 2nd category people and a very simply expendable, in their proceed against russia on the patients wasn't colleagues or trying to convince the public that such a situation is a good investment to good business project and of this and it says i'm over. this is just absolutely of the chart. similar to this, mr. president, new schools, wisdom sponsors all over the remote campers. dream of fully responsible for their machines. crimes. on monday in this chamber, we were talking about cramming. ukraine would work pretty well. in similar situations, you emphasize the facts that you pray and is using those weaponry is a for legitimate self defense. well, perhaps you could explain to us today how self defense is related to downing a plane which is carrying your own p, o w that up. so is to conduct a procedure provided for international humanitarian law. will so very disappointed the representatives of international organizations using double standards and are refusing to comment was this event is the call upon members' security council and

you and leadership to condemn dishonest of it condemned this and all other acts of terracon dusted by the key of contents of silence in this situation only strengthens some of the corrupt regime of landscape that they have him. impunity, we, in turn, will do everything we can to make sure that everyone's responsible for this. and other crimes of the key of now is a clique that they are punished for this. mr. president in 2014, they have on their own times to down malaysian winful. i am interested in 17 above 2 nets. can more than 300 people in with died as a result. and despite the improve um that ukraine is involved in this many of the west and have been expressed is present out so that you could think could think up and carry out such a publication. now how i the western public a go in to be dealing with the fact that the ukrainians down to yet another play and it will not be possible to cover to go over this in silence in the hutch this

up. because all of those who died have ukrainian families who are waiting their return and believed that the ortiz will hold up their end of the bargain. but as a result, the key, if regime sacrifice these people twice, 1st of all, by throwing them into the front line as cannon fodder. and thereafter, after they are the like, was kept by the russians by downing their play. and you'll see she wasn't, let me and one more point to that needs to be bored in mind by those who are asking us to in get involved in peaceful negotiations with a variety of let's set aside the fact that the person in charge of kipling bind his people to negotiate with the i'll send that to create remains enforced. let me ask you one on what this question. how can we deal with the statements of guarantees over game, and it's the western sponsors, once the camp dictator has shown you, once again that he is incapable of even conducting different technical procedure on

the prisoner exchange. put this into the context of the misc agreements which we use to arm ukraine. keeps the rejection of, of an already initialized draft based negotiation and assemble in 2022. this was done the pressure from the western backers. and then you will understand why the, we've well not rejecting negotiations in principle, we continue this special motor operation, ukraine, which was initiated, so as to save the lives of the people left on the bus. i think you may have to present to, i think the representative of the russian federation for the statement and i know it gives the flow to the representative mozambique the surprises and we thank you for holding these important meeting. we express so of things to this, it doesn't matter the catalog. and the 2nd stage is it all for.