a huge military parade that the prime minister happened to run for load the late a race off the national memorial to the soldiers who fought for an independent state event. it's all still ongoing across the country, which includes huge stones components as well as i phones, including patriotic it's not is our but a sense of this ally here at all same stuff. so we're taking a break from news flash minutes and so our program inland vision instead travels the length and breadth of russia to show you the rich traditions of faithful landscapes. i'm unique people who reside in the wilds of the country. the high. i'm showing thomas and this is inland visions, a show where we meet extraordinary people and travel to amazing places so that we

can all understand each other just a little bit more. and today we're in rosa. this is an impressive ski resort to just to 40 minutes from the sun m. c of searching. but it's beautiful, it's all this is there is a booming danger that people just don't fully realize avalanches. and we're here to meet the team, the kids to them and check the

learn more about the tickets of this fascinating job. we're going to get you started fidelity out. it was part of rosa for tours, avalanche control to the news . very good. thanks for meeting us out here to talk us through all this. i guess i'll start off by saying nature is completely unpredictable. but they say that you have an amazing ability to negotiate with this know, talk to me about this and how do you know what to do? well, i think it would be a bit too low to claim we can actually negotiate with smo just from unfortunately, all communication with nature is only unit directional. if we could listen to it, but we can't impose on terms on it. all we can do is trying to sign for the clues

left by nature, this know, the way that we know location right now is there understand that there's a lot of moving parts. it's much more complicated than people realize. it's not just one person or a couple people, it's an entire group of people working together to make this happen. can you talk me through this process? if i come up with a don't about teamwork, we have a mediator. ology is to monitor the conditions and prepare the full costs for the next 2 or 3 days. a couple of people who observe the snow and those who maintain the equipment we can use to trigger avalanches if necessary. if this work is 247, at least while we have snow on the slopes, it's a continuous cycle. we have about 40 people on our team during the winter period. actually. the

thanks for leaving us out here. it's a beautiful day. i have to ask for producing the weather is difficult to do accurately under regular conditions. how do you do it out here in the mountains, under these conditions that i think of a general graphical position, the landscape and the proximity of the black sea creates viruses, different conditions for this region. when else see behind us be great to call cause this rain spring, which holds back. the air mass is coming to us from the west, but you have and accordingly we witness a very large amounts of precipitation. here you can see the snow cold. there's already 2.5 meters here, the before we have 4 meters. and so this regent is characterized by a very large accumulation of snow. and in fact, it is quite difficult to predict the weather in such a condition source. since we're talking about avalanches that i have to ask when is the most dangerous time for an end of life to occur, is it immediately after a snowfall or when the weather is nice and clear like this good just to to yes,

a heavy snowfall does cause problems for all of the launch control. so this, we can literally see 72, a 2 centimeters of smelt. if you all was very often we gotta meet sales snowfall overnights. and of course, the results is never fully open in such conditions because the avalon stage increases dramatically. but even create a while that can be dangerous. for example, when we have a long periods of will about this know become sweats, which increases the load or the snow tack and decrease its ability. in general, you need experience and certain specific approach to the size of the avalon association. but in general, yes, on the moldings hands of the snowfall they hire a most seriously along staying she becomes. and since you have the meteorologist, i have to say thank you for such a beautiful weather today. we can do it without your help. thank you very much. all in the

to how do you actually measure the level of dangerousness of those particular slopes? how do you look at it and say that's dangerous. we can go there. and we've been studying this, the area for a long time, you know, deserves that to carry a certain strength level for avalanches. so every year we kind of know what to expect for me because i don't want to have a launch conditions they have met. and so, and then we take measures accordingly, something like that. what so slow now is understand that you get down to an actual microscopic level looking at the snow, the type of snow, the different types of snow crystals. how does that actually help you assess the danger level? i mean, is it really, is that specific? what cover perfect. most reliable information on avalon changes comes from direct observation is what we touch with our hands. they'll walk on with our feet or see

inside a test page. and we always dig smooth bits like measure the different temperatures inside the smooth mask. starting the last formed after a series of snuffles and do a number of tests to determine the stability of those last. we then try to extrapolate information obtained in one location on to other zones because it's not always possible to take tests with. but i said, you know, some of the occasions can be dangerous. so we only dig in safe places. the steepness of the slope winds the temperature community. this all has a factor in whether there is a danger of an avalanche. what's the most important factors, or did they all work together? well, we would say that any effect it could prove to be decisive on any given day. typically, the most important factors are the amount of snow and the steepness of the flight from your good. but they're all days when the most avalanche problem places are okay. uh why don't you get an avalon somebody you never expected?

oh, should we say in places that are not typical in syria? you said that something along the lines of a mistake with an avalanche work. i should never happen. in fact uh when it comes to your work, a mistake is life or death. is that not a lot of pressure. is your job doing just filling the overall it is almost done with we're responsible for the safety of august under mistake by an avalanche worker can be much more than that, especially when there are multiple mistakes. because if a worker gets costs or an avalanche, or there's an incident, usually it's down to a series of mistakes. the risk management is a key, is it allows us to assess situations according to the danger level and come up with an appropriate way to handle them. to the so as a professional, find himself in danger. that means he's made a number of mistakes. by the way, that's why i say it's wrong when professionals get into such situations that it's the case. if it was um, have you ever been in a situation where you see

a dangerous area, but you can't reach it, you can't do anything about it. what do you do then? how do you handle that situation to that happens all the time? oh, the easiest thing you can do is restrict access to that area. the mountains are challenging to rain and it's not always possible to get to a place you want to reach in order to take a better look or to bring explosives for some other action. if that's the case, we just close of the area and keep away when you go. all right, let's go see what else we can find in the mountains. the absolutely beautiful up here, a little bit scary, but beautiful. um. so let's say that you find an area that an avalanche is likely and you need to release that energy. how do you go about doing that or try to most

of these areas where identified a long time ago and they have station we systems installed, which allow us to trigger avalon, choose the remotely talking about areas that don't have such station or resistance . what we do is, after we set off and have a launch, we send a patrol at to see what's new cub a still remain instance. let's say i didn't device box with further action may be needed and then we take it right here here at the rosa hotel that you guys have. some is the best state of the art equipment for combating avalanches. what do you have? it's primarily a gas system running on a mixture of propane and oxygen. this is the shed that holds the equipment, edits, links to detonate has prompted in spots with avalanches originate. uh so, so now the system is controlled remotely from a safe distance and it can be operated even at night on a couple. so we can choose the exact moment we need down to the 2nd that makes the system different from other traditional tools such as explosives or on tutoring,

which can only be used in good weather. with great visibility, all system works in any conditions at any time of day. so the other thing we rely on the compliments the system is explosive symbol. we use the binary type uh, the helpful in place is that the gas pallet system can't reach wherever it's improved, less effective for some reason. i think we've gone through a number of different systems and they will have the strength and can be helpful in some situations. but we've settled on these 2 for the time being as i'll go to solutions. i mean, i guess systems and explosives. now ensure that no avalanche is the same. how do you know what methods and techniques to use against this avalanche as opposed to that avalanche per se? but we install station we systems where possible and the choice that resolve this. and if we have a gas of a launch control system in a certain spot, which that's what we use, they protect most of us loops. if we don't have a course of action will depend on the level of danger and on how necessary

avalanche mitigation is. it may well be the case that it's not worth it spoke up. we may be able to just close off an area for a while, which is also possible a job and one of the most effective avalanche control techniques you can say we close off some areas, set off explosives in others. but most of the work is done by us stationary systems . now a lot of your work is done at night. and how is it possible for you to control something as big as an avalanche in complete darkness? that's odd question to answer. we don't really control avalanches during us know full. i'll meet the early just to take measurements every hour. so we know exactly how much the snow cover has grown. we know which way the wind is blowing and we can make assumptions about certain areas that should have enough smooth for all mitigation activities to be effective. if it helps that we can do that remotely. also, we have snow grooming equipment operating at night when it's safe. the truck drivers

provide us with valuable information about any slides that have occurred and the size that helps us a lot. you know what? because the data we get from people on the ground is the most effective tool for ensuring safety. we know that you do an excellent job here at rosa filter in controlling avalanches, but we know that there are people will call them free riders if you will. they go off piece to specifically go to places where the slopes are not groomed. how often do they cause avalanches and how do you deal with them? uh, with a corporate has that does happen quite often. scheme of piece by default means that you own an avalanche problem slope. yeah, which result we monitor the slides trigger have a launches, restrict access to certain areas and can take other steps. we don't have the same level of control outside designated skiing areas. after every snowfall free right as rushed to those slopes like maniacs, they often neglect safety rules and underestimate their abilities of strength. they

crave a dreamily and excitement to a degree wherever it interferes with self preservation between us they do get cold and avalanches. thankfully, these are mostly small slides that aren't that dangerous and can't do much damage. or a many of the launch is like that, which mainly go on notice because nothing major happens over a ride to get into one simself out. moves on lots with us is that sometimes people without realizing it trigger avalanches that can't affect others. that's how to control. all we can do is keep reminding people who go off paste the. they are responsible not just for their own safety, but also for the safety of others close to a year before getting there. they should make sure they've taken all the safety precautions the, the most spectacular defense with the most breathtaking views. it's amazing to

watch what's going on in the heads of the off piece to skiers and snow borders. when they're racing down the mountains. galaxy silver live is a professional snowboarder folk style and a big air prize winner. i'm sure he has some answers, the hello. hello alexi. how you doing? good. you too. cool. so i've seen the videos of what you do is breathtaking. all inspiring. absolutely. amazing. um, what is this for you? is this a hobby? is this a way of life? uh, talk to me about what is this for you guys or whatnot? oh tony, one thing, see you'll snowboarding, m, as soon as you try to give it up,

life becomes impulsively boring and stressful. when you realize you just can't go on without snowboarding or that this is the 1st, may even fundamental moment. people close around you emotions that you can't get anywhere else the other way. so many people, it's the adrenalin that tickles your senses and gives you so much power than what people who are addicted to adrenalin news. so it take me through this a little bit. you're out there. maybe each time it's different. you're going down the course. what's going through your mind? what kind of you mentioned new emotions, but like what's actually going through your mind when you're actually out there on the course. this depends on whether conditions or bubble and what is also, it depends on the terrain that there was some pressure. these sites like where you can relax and just let yourself go. enjoy the roll eyes and not worry about anything or sort of flag under a slides where you have to stay absolutely focused. 100 percent of the time for even 150 percent of the time to assess the risk. so not make any rush movies because any slight error might send you off a cliff and will provide the novel launch. mm hm. now you mentioned some of the

dentures there. let's talk a little bit more about that. you have to admit it is really dangerous. what you do when you go to these extremes and you could be causing danger for other people. have you caused an avalanche yourself? um, or have you been in an avalanche? what's that like with you? i there is a nice month of all right. what i'd say by regardless of how many years experience a will snowboarding you have, or how much of a pro you all. yeah, it should be only deal never to get cold in the novel launch and never have to save anyone from a novel launch the buddy. they will be perfect for the avalon is equipment to never be used ever or to, to uh, but situations do it. uh, rep, i'm still going. yeah. this season i got calls into small lounge. i activation my i bought the avalon from wrote them down while i managed the stairway. so you open ended up just fine. but if there was some unprepared people in my place, but as a child or teenager, or just a purse do not wait till they must have been pulled into the avalanche. and there's no telling how it could have ended for them. now i've heard it been said that you

can tell a free rider from a regular scare because they always have a backpack with them. they always have equipment with them. what is the one thing that you always have with you that you need to have when you're out there on your own? yeah, but that's why i say the most essential thing is to try and save a because even if you don't have a shovel approval, and avalon is backpack with an ad bug, which i'm trying to save him, might still help the rescue team find you like even the votes they get their own time, you stand a chance. if you get caught in an envelope from buried under the snow and you don't have a trans eva, so there's no way anyone can locate. you already know there's a really tiny chance of success. only if perhaps, as a knowledge rest easy on the avalon to smoothly pop up, even if you have just inches of snow covering you know, and what have you. even if we're sounds at the top of your voice, it's smooth muscle school found a sight to do the same time when babies inside this know, what do i do here? absolutely. everything happening on top. your head people will come right to you and talking to each other either won't. they won't have a sound, not even if you keep challenging for helping police. now it's safe to say that the

people who build the skied courses and on pieced activities they would like for you to stay on peace. but that's not going to happen. you are a free writer by trade. is there any way to make your job safer or what you do safer in the future to being a present any problem? also training on being professional avalon training in order to understand how it's a works, that's a kind of weather conditions affect the snow in terms of increasing or decreasing a child. so an avalanche, you have to keep upgrading your knowledge and skills and it goes no certainty for free right guys. but we'll say for free. why does he do it for fun? yet? another thing you can do is ride in different places in different snow conditions. and hit the slopes with experience right is we would help you to more about how to stay safe, is the placement. the researchers have to be prepared for situations which means looking for bodies. and

if they hear this sound, that means this is the right place to look the find out where the, the the thank you for taking the time to meet me out here. uh, you have an incredibly important job. um, do you know how many lives you saved? well, that's part of the item. you know, the indicator of quality work for us service is not the number of people rescued from avalon. she is the number of people not cold in the fall. so thank god we don't have to search for people and rescue them from avalon, she is. so an avalanche happens so quickly, it's hard to remember what to do if you actually get into one. i guess the best way

to survive and have lunch is to not get in one of the 1st place. i would say yes, it's best to stay out of an avalanche. that's how you stay alive. you know, if you want swept away by an avalon shift, the only thing left to do is grab the strap of the air bags, backpack, and close your mouth to create a kind of chain, but in which you can breeze beside the big of the chain. but the best of the chances of survival are no longer the timeframe. yeah, i mean like the up as well. so if an avalanche happens, how do you know if someone is actually a victim? if someone's actually caught under the avalanche, especially if it happens of pieced beautiful it to this way, it also have we need to take eye witness statements and you know, if there are any and we used the 1st rescue is on the scene, conduct a sensor search for the, for if, if there's a person with sensors in the avalon community, it's very important to educate, but would you please leave your trying to see was on always that there used to then

there was a device called reco, didn't know that any reads the reflect to itself, but it can also read phone ships. and if all these devices fail to help us meet them, we stand in the line and start probing through the avalon slide. you know, this is an avalanche happens and i'm caught in one. so what do i need to do? you've touched on this a little bit already in order to survive. and maybe what do i need to not do summer glowing, the most important thing is to try to stay calm is go with what is doing at that point. if you've done everything you can do, then you'll only hope is your friends. the people who deal with the vast majority of victims can't even move. that thing goes on because the avalon sheets of this low as it moves and solidifies when it stops, what the snow turns into concrete. so there's nothing you can do more of, of just what we do ahead with your thoughts and hope that your friends will help

you when you well know to do what kind of, what concern of you'll press is so as not to waste precious oxygen. basically that's all i've seen, you have different equipment that you can use to help find people in an avalanche from your experience. what's the best equipment that people can have? the shovel, this poll that they have the beeper from your experience, what works best for both of these devices. and the airbag backpacks have come a long way in the last 20 years, some. so in n t, i have a launch impact definitely increases your ability to stay on the surface to most of the try and see, but it's extremely fluid is to go off paste without his group with appropriate a shovel in your backpacks and stuff and trusted friends deal with that is you don't go off piece with people you don't know. they might not know how to assemble the shovel in this alone and find you on the old and snow with the trans save up to go. i think you do an excellent job in informing people what to do, what not to do. but if someone gets caught in an avalanche,

they can't move. they can't be heard from under the snow. what are their chances of survival and for how long can they actually stay down there? which is sort of 80 percent of people coach in an avalon who are dug out in the 1st 10 minutes to live discipline and 40 but sent in the 1st 15 minutes. or so you get a sense of how the chances draw up. but of course, the known cases where people have been in an avalon for several hours before and have been dug out and live to tell the child. but that's a read case. those are the lucky ones. i know i've heard that different countries have different rates of survival depending on the type of snow that is there. what type of snow do you have here in rows of water and what are your chances of survival it and then avalanche here? you can also perform 1590 percent of the cases. i mean, we can talk about the surface of a launch is a company that is smooth, that is just called a, not bonded with the old snow. what so it falls try. so that is what we're talking

about most of the time. no, but i mean what they're all exceptionally is like this one we, where we have to deal with as a launch. is that a much deeper on a massive scale model. so unusual looks like a photograph of them. so to summarize, if you have mountains and you have snow, you have a potential avalon to danger. what do you have to be prepared for that? so you have to understand that get them one of them with the phone if another opinion might start. thank you very much for taking the time. i've learned a lot and i know a little bit more what to look out for a 2nd. the so how much time does someone have to spend in the mountains here to become a professional in the avalanche or business park a. the general consensus is that it takes at least 5 d as in one place for you to learn the roads and begin to understand things that makes what begin

a level avalanche control specialist. and it takes a lot longer to become a good one to turn the idea. you should be learning all the time. also we should we have a going cold uncle. your show right now grouping. yeah, he's been doing this for 30 years. and every year he learned something new and t shirts. he's now lived with the younger generations. we know that it's dangerous. in fact, we just heard the boom of your job happening right now. but uh, is it your dream job? do you love what you do? the go to the, for some, it's a dream job. many people come to us believing that this is something romantic and beautiful, but actually, i don't think it's a dream job because you, there's a very heavy burden of responsibility. look. but if you take it seriously, it's quite hard, quite difficult. so i want to just consider the fact that i'm in this place as my destiny. faith brought me to my job and i've accepted it. then i wouldn't but my children to do this work said of gauging job or not, we really appreciate you doing what you do. thank you very much for showing us around. thanks. appreciate

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[000:00:00;00] the, [000:00:00;00] the in the year of 1954, the united states of america engaged in warfare against the people of vietnam. the white house supported the corrupt public governments of southern vietnam. in 1965 americans began their invasion following the aim to defeat the forces of vietnamese

patriots. defend the gun was confident that the victory would be on the american side, due to its military superiority. however, the enemies during this war into total health for the occupants. unable to cope with the guerrillas, the american army started blanket bombing alongside using chemical weapons and naples, which burnt all alive. the village of my lay, where he 1969 american soldiers killed 504 civilians, including 210 children, became a tragic symbol of this war. all and all. during the whole period of this conflict, the usa dropped on vietnam more than $6000000.00 tons of bonds, which is 2 and a half times as much as on germany during the 2nd world war. in 1973, the american army under the pressure of the rebels, withdrew from vietnam, and only 2 years later did the puppet regime. and so i got involved. however,

the vietnamese paid a high price for their freedom. more than 1000000 in vietnamese people became the victims of america in aggressors. the hey decides to call for a ceasefire, then how moss will abide by the c spy. if the enemy abides by, it's come off just to stop and fight. thing about this for you on top court ruled in favor of south africans to mom's for an image of the front on the, to the 3 of age cekada palestinians i'll split wasn't as well with a bite by a new rule. this rule not like israel does what it wants. preventive funniness and then the other place in guys had wanted there are many requests for cease fire,