to say that recognizing the palestinian state must happen through negotiations and not through un resolution. we want to once again, our, the state of his real establishment showed how was recognized wasn't the down through a un resolution, which is resolution 181. and while they're now trying to is robin handed the adoption of such a resolution, and by this time, you know, the international community cannot stand idly by while the countries of both international law enjoys impunity. russian and bass that are in the den z, a slam the united states for its hypocritical stance, claiming to support the palestinians, and then voting down today's resolution. in addition to that, he pointed out the claims from the united states that somehow the result of the voting is russia in china is fault, are completely disingenuous. somebody comes because they didn't use canal or american colleagues did not hide the fact that they see the security council as an obstacle, one that should not interfere with their effective diplomacy on the ground. in

reality, this was to grant their main middle eastern ally and a free hand in clearing the enclave. the us hypocritically accused as russia and china of the towing their fine product. yet our veto serves as an example of why the veto tool is needed and simple tediously answers those who are demanding it's abolition. it is needed to prevent the adoption of unbalanced and deceitful decisions pushed by washington. so overall it was the united states with its veto power that prevents, it would have been a very historic day at the united nations security council. palestine could have become a full member state with the full rights of the un member state. however, the united states veto that resolution that was put forward by algeria to grant palestinian statehood and the palestinians left remaining observers that the united nations not member states the tax. they say with

r t international up next on the divisions and inside look at rushes space program by the the balance of power in the middle east is in flux, israel no longer has it's found to determine supremacy what is called the access of resistance is challenging. is an important only, it's western patrons. the space has always captured humanity's imagination. i mean, let's fix it. space is cool. but only the chosen few are able to head beyond the

earth's atmosphere. it takes years of preparation to actually take on that final frontier space training, pushes human abilities limits to the very edge. so who are the super heroes of today? let's get to know them a little better. the every comes about japan starts here in shows me go to doc or star city, the learning to operate a spacecraft. reading under g forces, moving in 0 gravity working in outer space and even coping with long term isolation . all this is todd with the help of slang labs, centrifuges hydro labs, and a lot more space is closer than you think. the cosmos and tone is

a veteran of for space flights. he knows better than anyone how space becomes one's job. the so thanks for taking the time to uh, meet here basically in your office. so space. it's your job. how does one go about doing that? how do you become a customer on? like i said it was my childhood dream to be a cosmopolitan stuff. yeah. and i decided just like you were to get a guardian from the 1st team of customer notes to become a fight upon it 1st, before joining the customer, i would call the police okay, do is to prepare for my 1st flight. the personnel rushes space agency is running a public recruitment campaign to the customer over to you and attempt to print basically any russian citizen under the age of $35.00 who has a higher education and meets a few other criteria can find to be selected as a customer and you have to actually stay calm. yeah, i mean, because you're sitting on top of a rocket in some instances with so much force and for us going up behind you,

there's so many things that can go wrong. you have to stay calm. can you train for that, or is it something that is just in your nature? i understand that you also have power shoot exercises that are kind of a psychological, a check as well, and also produce, well, that's a good question. i'll do much. i think there's no person who was by nature was prepared psychologically for i'm forcing circumstances, by the way, a pen space slice itself is of course, hard and sometimes dangerous work, if an emergency, because the most important thing is to be calm and collected. but god has to do everything the way you were taught on the ground when you were preparing for the flight of the age cosmonaut on the go. special power show training during which $4.00 to $6.00 trump some aid almost every day over the course of a month full on a long job, which last about a minute hold on the customer. no, it has a special pad on that hand. it's a small plastic bed and which does a small task i plug it might be as simple as a mathematical plus or minus calculation know, attending the time show, don't know which one digit clock you can only look at the task. once you make the

jump. when you're stabilized in free fall, you can begin to solve the problem with why a child that has a microphone on the recording device that records everything you're saying and see . so you speak as you do your task after the jump to every night, or specialists, overlay, the video that the camera man takes of you with a walk. you say he's a piece we send them psychologists who are always present to the jump. skipping makes conclusions about your reactions in an extreme situation. and for me, it definitely is an extreme situation because i'm also a professional skydive up. and i know for my own experience that from jump, the jump was the 1st 100 to 200 jumps. i could feel how i was getting mentally strong, i think what will compose to be able to pony. and if i could control my emotions any other way and even in subject stream situations that i could report on what was going on. i mean, so a full cuzamano to go through with that because someone else to another psychological test i guess is the isolation chamber where you have to go and number of days in silence deprivation sometimes without sleep. um that seems to me

that could also really be a trial. what does that do for astronauts? how does that help you prepare them as a way to sort of chain? there is a special room here in style, city, home of dc. it has no windows, only a door, a couple in the door is closed. there's absolutely no sound inside beach. during the time you're in the chamber, which can be from 3 to 5 days feeling you have no normal voice communication with anyone from the confused day and night to. there's a bed next to you. this is also mentally tough as you want to sleep on it, but you console, but in the but there are no tool. the candidates for space flights selected for the customer to attain post the sound proof chain, but test with the company. i mean, they were suspended from training and expelled from the customer, not squandered because they failed the soto chain. but testing, i've always had that there is nothing more loud and then the silence in your own head. doc, i think it's d as of closer with some fits, stimulates long space flight by north of when the may be, for example, a lack of communication of you may be alone in the spacecraft and there may be

a delay in transmission of information. so i think it's a very necessary test, especially for long space flights, but open. mm hm. now, when we think of, of cause much training, one thing is a stereotype or kind of a certain image is you spinning around in the centrifuge, right? what exactly does that do? i know that it applies more g forces on you can explain a little bit of what that means and what you do. how does that help you as an astro, i prepare the gym of something for watch. the centrifuge full beauty of it was the centrifuge simulates overload to steve, which is what it cuts middle. it fails during the rocket launch and returned to us as he breaks from the speed of 8 kilometers per 2nd. diversity 0. but if i'm, it feels like you'll wait increases in proportion to the overload or for example, the overload is a plus 3 function, so you'll weight has tripled and your period was how does that feel as much with you as you try to lift your arm or leg, it doesn't matter precise, have you feel like it's 2 or 3 times heavier for these,

but it's like something heavy is being put on it like a lead suit. i talked to move. it's also hard to breeze. do you have some good? there is a special technique that helps deal with that. using our muscles, we take the by holding the chance than breathing superficially with the abdomen. this allows us to continue functioning, allow them to keep the circulatory system working on. yeah, we don't lose consciousness and continue to perform a task. sweet. so now you have these laboratories, these planes that take you up into the parabolic curves. they give you about 29 seconds of 0 gravity 0. geez. um, is it like the real thing? is it, i mean, does it really give you that experience? i'd like to speak to that and they give you so much, but i'm going to put yes, it is real 0. gravity keeps the loosened aisle 76 plane is really big school, but in the cabin is almost full. meet this tool is completely empty. there are no seats. those people in the floor is covered with pending to minimize the risk of injury who people spend the customer notes in training, use it to learn to move around the cabin in 0 g before they go into

a space mission. and they also learn to put on the a, so it's in 0 d on a plane like this. if you skip this because this is what they need to be able to do in space. so these flight from really help them experiences, they are a gravity in advance. you've done all your training, you're up on the i ss, and now you have to do experiments because causes nonsense drugs. you have to do experiments while you're up there. in fact, the space flight itself is kind of an experiment. what do you do up there? what's it for? all right, that's a good question given we still have many seem to think that we go out there just to have fun floating about and taking pictures of a planet the only pull the we do that too. but the main goal of every space mission is to perform a number of experiments. then that's what the customer notes do. cause me to being in space means we can observe us from the outside 100 bucks and we use it for various experiments to study our planet. in detail who do no problem, they range from simple ones like taking pictures for the more complex ones like spectral imaging, with special purpose equipment to security. and that's allows us to see not only

things on the planet surface you, it'll say what's on the ground. we also study how human bodies adapts to being in space or more. so we run experiments on ourselves. what we've done with the help of space science has some space, medics, but also we're looking for ways to extend human capacity to spend time and space safely. we're looking to have people know nobody's been 6 months or 12 months or more a little bit, and then successfully returned to our planet issue, but also to land on the moon if needs be for a mazda and be fit enough to continue working there. in general, the international space station is the world, the largest one. so if not the largest and still definitely the most expensive level retreat ever created by humanity we use, but the which in storage is because i'm not to the future here in star city. instead of gate, mikaya is preparing for his 1st space flight. the it's

so good to meet you here and such an interesting facility. i have to ask, we all know about 0 gravity out in outer space being able to flip and training for that. but how do you train for that in a swimming pool? why do you have to become a diver new way of any preparation for working in outer space involves training in our hydro, labord, tory, and your customer knots, practice all of their actions here in order to repeat them in space. we walk through the entire sequence, practice the entire plan of action in the labs, and also coordinate our actions as a team and decide who does what during the space walker. i hear that one outing in a space suit. you can lose 2 kilograms. is that true? and why is that the me, it's hard work actually, as you know, space walks nowadays can last up to 8 hours sometimes longer and it's all that time you can find in your suit and you work a lot. so naturally you sweat. that way you can lose even more than 2 kilos depending on the job at hand. so when you're on an eva or an extra vehicular

activity out side of the space station, and you lie a lot on your hands, which means you're training your fingers. if i'm not mistaken, how does that work? i mean, how do you do that? because there's no of course hand strength is important and so is grant, basically your entire shoulder girdle is involved to your is there a certain tricks like in any profession when working in a space suit for you shouldn't fight it, you need to become one with it. for and then you will have enough endurance to get you through the entire space walk mission. i know that we have a as authentic as you can get of a mock up inside a pool. here, you're inside a space suit. but when you're here, you have some safety precautions. you have divers who are down there with you, who can help you if you get in trouble. when you're in space, who do you rely on? can you of course, an outer space. it's only you and your crew made that you can count on. nobody goes out into space alone with space walk commissions always require 2 crew members, each keeping an eye on the other. so you only have your mate to rely on yourself

and some help from, or if there's been a long time since we've gone to the moment. but right now there's a lot more focus and attention on going back to the moon. how does this affect your training? i'm not down to my right now. i'm only hoping that one day i will be part of those mood admissions. i think any cosmonaut in any space agency wants to be on a mission like this. this dream is the reason you become a cosmo, not, not only to go to outer space, but to go to the moon as well with when you're sick. so in fact, all attempts to go to the moon are just testing the technologies that will take human kind further into space. the 1st we need to gain a foothold on the moon as an interim phase, and then move on. you know, obviously this is going to take some time, but there's no doubt that it will happen in the near future. you work a lot with robots. that's natural. and is there a possible move it to use more robots? possibly even a i maybe even replace a customer knots at some point. is this part of the plan or will there always be

a need for the customer? not in space? not even though because we have robotics systems at the international space station . and although i'm sure the technology is going to develop and move forward, it will never be to replace humans robotics systems and cause when ops will be moving towards the future together with robots helping humans explore outer space or i know of at 1st there will be some small systems assisting customer knots with minor tasks, but eventually, as the systems grow and develop, robots will be entrusted with more and more routine works is of course, i hope those robots will be safe to work with from and will really make the work of cosmonaut is easier, so use spacecraft, long distance flights. we've talked about that a little bit already. so that means new kinds of training. things that haven't been done for before kind of going because you don't know what to expect and how to prepare. and how is that affecting your training need to me for a long space flights be a lunar missions or just a year long orbital. i assess flights that have become so common. recently require

a new kind of training and training for lunar mission includes learning to drive lunar rovers on the moon and landing on the moon and a manual mode. what we can find suitable conditions on earth for lunar driving practice. other things like manual mode, flight and landing drills require either computer modeling or practicing landing and a helicopter. for example, i think this is going to be the key type of training for such a long term space expeditions to be the right. so this place will never stop being fascinating to me. now, more of a fun question. i know that causes when i was going to be superstitious. uh, do you guys have any traditions or have you taken up any good luck charms with you? the yes or a many traditions longer and some of them was started by you. what are you good. got in himself?

lucy's you got got in the right. good luck charms to me. but then you have an official name. no. the 0 gravity indicates at the crew. captain takes with him a small stuffed toy, that's the only gets all kinds of record approvals to be included on the equipment and the condo listed. so when you buy it is listed, there is a 0 gravity indicator that's always hung on a rope above the captain's head. off to the captain gets inside the cabin and sales the duel, the usually headings it back himself making so it doesn't get in his view when he's watching the control board as the rock, it launches the rows of extends because of acceleration given the and once we reach old, it's about 9 minutes later when we have you 200 kilometers above the ground. yeah, and that's with 0, g begins when we ship what we call it, fill it immediately physically. but the plush toys is the 1st thing that begins to float from it. that's how the crew realizes that we're in a little bit. e 70 g. we've made it to space between i've seen 1st time is on my crew, get really excited about seeing that toy float. they started throwing pencils at

each other as a way to at least seize, busy, or energy. well, we come to you at feel that physically got it keeping we have to wait until central control gives us permission to one strap out sales from our seats signal and then we can experience 0. do you fully a very cool. all right, so we've talked a lot about like the training. we've talked a lot about what it's like being up there. um. but getting down to pretty hard and it seems that it can put a lot of stress on the vehicle stress on you can be terrifying. but you've said that keeping kind of a child like attitude, it just helps you talk to me a little bit about that. um, well yes, if you compare the lawrence and the return of the return is the most dramatic and thrilling password in the file, i usually compare it to a roller coaster. we feel the g factor you'll sitting in the lending mode, you the re entry capsule and you'll being twisted into that. it slows down against the atmosphere and you'll caps, you'll still spinning up and you can see it engulfed in flames through the windows . i tried to help my crewmates who are on the 1st defense guy,

so they don't freeze in fear. just kind of i'd rather stay engaged with the re entry process instead of just sitting there and bring them even what i tell them is . yeah, i mentioned that your children on a fun ride store. you can scream, you can shriek, i'm ok with one of that, but it's better if you express your emotion. then if you've both lit up inside of whatever happens in the camp, seal is only recorded by the flight recorder. it's not going anywhere. once people get the idea, they relax and reassure each other, but so we've learned that going through this stage can be easy. and even enjoyable . so you can always predict exactly where you're gonna land. we know that it's going to be somewhere in the general area of the tundra. sometimes that can go wrong, as we know there's only one of them. so you have to do survival training. what's that like? what's it about? what do you train for? what do you, what type of survival conditions? do you speak to us? we learned that lesson of the customer though. it's really a no thing, but y'all have had an emergency landing. i mean, they found themselves in the tango during a brutal frost fall from any human life and a 100 kilometers from the nearest road. they were in the space suits and no clothes

to change into. so they almost froze to death, even though they'd survive. the landing itself, like this teaches us up the, there's a diverse place or the landing side could be a forest lake, the deserts or even a mountain. and that's why we undergo survival training for various types of terrain up to the you must learn to survive for a given period of time without your survival kits is the only results. all right, so this gives you an idea of the size, and this is just the russian as part of the space ocean 6. so you've been up here, you've done your job, you've made it down. and i have to ask a question, kind of from the, from the kid side of my heart. what does it feel like to be back on earth after you've been in 0 doing what? what does it actually feel like put something on your body? and well, i'd say it feels as they feel in some kind of super heavy suit to them. each of my 4 expeditions was 6 months. and this means that i didn't experience any gravity for

6 months in a row. i remember my thoughts when we landed i had to exit the spacecraft. they asked the captain, i'm the 1st one to go to so i only have to one false and myself from the seat and stretch out my hands in front of me. you could so that i could be pulled out and evacuated from the caps the all i told you, i remember feeling that my arms was so heavy or they wouldn't even move without significant effort. because if i was holding something really big likes, really to water bottles in each hand, after i was pulled out and seated in a chair in which i felt the physical force me towards the ground. but i actually felt that energy, the power that defense ation of gravity. very cool. okay. so i am also in the presence of not only a customer, not but an actor as well. you were part of the visa movie, the challenge the something interesting about that is that you talk to people just base who didn't go through all the training, all the customer, not training, but basically just did

a rapid, quick succession of trainings. and so they could get up there and from this part of the moving um, does this open up new avenues does open up space to more people are oh, of course most of the levels. but just cuz most gave us a very short time frame. 3 and a half months because we never had such a short period of time to train 2 people for space or just because normally we have almost 3 times longer to go to that this experience proved that it is possible to train people even within such short time frames could about so this trip made by the crew of the challenge has indeed opened the way for more people to go into space. one of your colleagues, um, a soviet customer not actually said this beautiful phrase that um, when you go up into space, you leave a patriot of your country, but when you return to earth, you are a patriot of earth. that's a beautiful idea. you can't see country boundaries from space that's produced. we may have an idea or about where a country alliance,

but we can't exactly tell where one state ends and the other begins. it's something you often notice when in a little bit. so we come to realize that that is fragile, and we must urge people to present of a home. and when i get back to us, i really feel no boundaries, nothing feels truly abroad. it goes wherever it is and it's still a lot of the only a handful of people were chosen to be the 1st to take on space. at one we know skiing was among them. what was it like and how do you prepare for something that you know so little about the 1st i want to say i've been looking forward to this conversation for a long time. i've heard a lot about you in my mind, you're kind of like our extended family because in full disclosure, your daughter, marina is my producer. so when you were chosen as an astride, you were preparing for things that we didn't know what to prepare for. we didn't

know what the 0 g would feel like we didn't know what traveling and outer space would be like. so what was that like to be preparing for something that was unknown to everybody? maybe in january 1963, but i was selected as a member of the 2nd group of cosmonaut. by that time, it's your own people that don't really being to space. there was no cosmo training center back then a no much experience. and so we were in a sense guinea pig, super good with us as test subjects. they worked out what it was like to live in space and you know, take each in space how's your day and with basic bodily functions and so on. if there was among 4 of the youngest members in the group, are there no way of being trained for a long duration flight event time, nobody knew what it was like to be in space for an extended period. so we will put through extremely tough training, just ok. your training was very difficult back then. in fact,

it was much more difficult, much more harsh than the training that is taking place today. uh, what did you have to do? what was expected of the customer? not back then, and what types of trainings have since been dropped while you last of the things we had to go through what they did dropped like training sessions in the some old test chain, but i may want system will change all you might all scared about cabinet, well, they put you in a sealed box where it's close to 90 degrees celsius and you'll find the closed door and your overall is heavy boots and, and wearing the hats and the customer now. so the test was to wait until your body temperature rises by 2 degrees, but it turned out there was no use for the test, so they gave up on it. but other tests remained. for example, if you, i know that in this training center, when they do high g training, they go up to 8 g. but we used to have tough a standards or we trained up to 12 g o. so as you can see here with the center, they've got all these simulators and elaborate machines. they even have the craft

on display here or it or, and then we had none of those. nowadays their entire laboratories that can fly and simulate a 0 gravity. these airplanes that go up and down, back in your time. how did you simulate 0 gravity? was there a way to do it that how did you find this ability to do so? this? yes, it might. so i'm no a no flying laboratories. we used to fly planes code make 15 you guys for each of us had our own funds and started to myself included really the pilot did the maneuver, pull it up around the same as flying lab does, but only it has a more powerful engine at the top of the parabola, you achieve weightlessness, but it's only for a few seconds. yeah, but in those seconds for mobile i had to try eating a wafer. cool. now, when you were chosen as a customer, not only the lead to only a very select few could become a customer not. but now there's an open call for anyone who is interested. is this

a good thing that for us, right? if you're eligible to eat you to come back, i'm gonna ask you to know what you were. the grandfather of russian aviation and russian space exploration. nikolai, come on and said the space is just an extension to aviation. that's why the 1st group of customer notes was formed internally a flight of pilots. then it turned out that engineers don't to, and design engine is going to own, go into space as well. they play them. so the requirements are like this. if you post a wait list list to store and completed centrifuge training, you could be consider the candidate for space flights. i think the very soon working in space will be just as essential as working an i t or, or doing comp injury. in other words, it will be a softer profession. back in your time when a customer not would return from space, they were an instance star. nowadays, people have our time knowing who their cause minutes are there as not. so why do

you think this is the word new customer today? space exploration has become come up like we do, and then you turn on the tv and there's only some story about what's happening and all that. so it's become the norm. in my days it was different. when it cosmonaut went to space and returned bank to us, they became a national hero, one of them, but we went the 1st one. so i'm being 1st and that is always difficult. by for one thing fits space flight will never be routine. it will always be fascinating. thank you for your work. i'm a familiar with your work on the bron program as well. and it's been an honor to talk to you today. the

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