the russian is best the news item that has been kills while filming in the in buffalo, that zappa rogia region. the media company says send me on your them and died after being wounded by an explosive dropped from you. printing and rolling of the late journalist had covered defense on the battlefield. over the past 2 years. he was one of the 1st reporters, the file from val no vanka, after russian troops had secured the city in the early stages of the conflict. okay, hitting the heights next. in fact, we're going stellar. how's your travel, uncultured, sho, in law and visions gets to know the future superheroes over time, otherwise known as comfortable not sketch showing. i'm the truth, right? the

the, [000:00:00;00] the space has always captured humanities imagination. i mean, let's fix it. space is cool, but only the chosen few are able to head beyond the arts atmosphere. it takes years of preparation to actually take on that final frontier space training pushes that means human ability is limited to the very edge. so who are the super heroes of today? let's get to know them a little better. the every comes about japan starts

here in shows me go to doc or star city, the learning to operate a spacecraft. reading under g forces. moving in 0 gravity working in outer space and even coping with long term isolation. all this is taught with the help of flying labs centrifuges, hydro labs, and a lot more space is closer than you think. the come up and tone is a veteran of for space flights. he knows better than anyone. how space becomes one's job. the so thanks for taking the time to uh, meet here basically in your office. so space hits your job. how does one go about doing that? how do you become a customer on, let's say it was my childhood dream to be

a customer knowledge stuff. yeah. and i decided just like you regarding them, the 1st team of customer notes to become a sign to buy that 1st. before joining the customer, i would call him up the list. okay, diaz to prepare for my 1st flight. that's now russian space agency is running a public recruitment campaign to the customer over to you. and that's one of the things we basically, any russian citizen under the age of 35 who has a higher education and meets a few other criteria can find to be selected as a customer. and you have to actually stay calm. yeah, i mean, because you're sitting on top of a rocket in some instances with so much force and stress going on behind you. there's so many things that can go wrong. you have to stay calm. can you train for that, or is it something that is just in your nature? i understand that you also have parachute exercises that are kind of a psychological, a check as well. that also produce a mobile. that's a good question. i'll do much. i think there's no person who by nature is prepared psychologically for unforeseen circumstances. by the way, a pen space flies itself is of course,

hard and sometimes dangerous. what if an emergency it? because the most important thing is to be calm and collected. that is to do everything the way you were taught on the ground. and when you were preparing for the flight of the page, cosmonaut on the go, special power show training during which $4.00 to $6.00 trumps i made almost every day over the course of a month full on a long job. which last about a minute hold on. because middle it has a special pad on that hand. it's a small plastic bed up on which does a small telescope like it might be as simple as a mathematical plus or minus calculation. no telling the time show, don't know which one digit clock you can only look at the task. once you make the jump, maybe point you'll stabilized in free fall. you can begin to solve the problem with why a child that has a microphone on the recording device. that records everything you're saying and see . so you speak as you do your task after the jumped every night or specialists, overlay the video that the camera man take. so if you with the walk, you say he's a piece which and then psychologists who are always present at the jump. skipping

makes conclusions about your reactions in an extreme situation. and for me, it definitely is an extreme situation because i'm not a professional skydive. i don't know for my own experience that from jump, the jump was the 1st 100 to 200 jumps. i could feel how i was getting mentally strong, got the quote more composed to be able to pony. and if i could control my emotions any other way, and even in subject stream situations that i could revolt on lots of getting on, i mean, so have a full cuzamano to go through that with someone else to another psychological test, i guess is the isolation chamber where you have to go and number of days in silence deprivation sometimes without sleep. um that seems to me that could also really be a trial. what does that do for us or not? how does that help you prepare talking to the why disorder chain? there is a special room here in style city who knows this, it has no windows, only a door, a couple in the door is closed. there's absolutely no sound inside beach. during the time you're in the chamber, which can be from $3.00 to $5.00 days. if you're feeling you have no normal voice

communication with anyone from the confused day and night to there's a bed next you. this is also mentally tough as you want to sleep on it, but you console, but i mean, but there are no tool that candidates for space flights selected for the customer to obtain post the sound proof chain, but test with the company. i mean, they were suspended from training and expelled from the customer, not squandered because they failed the soto chain. but test to i've always had that there is nothing more loud than the silence in your own head. the kind of yes, yes, of course it with some fits, stimulates long space flight by north of when the may be, for example, a lack of communication of you may be alone in the spacecraft and there may be a delay in transmission of information. so i think it's a very necessary test, especially for long space flights. mm hm. now, when we think of, of cause much training, one thing is a stereotype, or kind of a certain image, is you spinning around in the centrifuge, right. uh what exactly does that do? i know that it applies more g forces on you can explain

a little bit of what that means and what you do. how does that help you as an astro prepare, which is not something for watch the centrifuge full because the centrifuge simulates overload to steve, which is what it cuts middle. it fails during the real quick launch and returned to us as he breaks from the speed of 8 kilometers per 2nd. it's diversity 0. but if i'm it feels like you'll length increases in proportion to the overload or for example, the overload is a plus 3. so you'll weight has tripled and if it was how does that feel these next 2 of you, if you try to lift your arm or leg, it doesn't matter precise. have you feel like it's 2 or 3 times heavier for these but it's like something heavy is being put on it like a lead suit. i talked to move. it's also hard to breeze. ok, do you have some good? there is a special technique that helps deal with that, using our muscles. we take it the by holding the chance than breathing superficially with the abdomen. this allows us to continue functioning, allow them to keep the circulatory system working on. yeah, we don't lose consciousness and continue to perform

a task sweet. so now you have these laboratories of these planes that take you up into the parabolic curves. they give you about 29 seconds of 0 gravity 0. geez. um, is it like the real thing? is it, i mean, does it really give you that experience? like to speak like that? yeah, they give you so much but somebody, i guess it is real 0. gravity keeps the loosen aisle 76 plane is really big through, but i'm the cabin is almost full. meet this tool is completely empty. there are no seats. those people in the floor is covered with pending to minimize the risk of injury who will spend the customer notes in training, use it to learn to move around the cabin in 0 g before they go into a space mission. and they also learn to put on the a, so it's in 0 d on a plane like this is skip, excuse me, this is what they need to be able to do in space. so these flight from really help them experiences, they are a gravity in advance. you've done all your training, you're up on the i ss, and now you have to do experiments because causes nonsense drugs. you have to do experiments while you're up there. in fact,

the space flight itself is kind of an experiment. what do you do up there? what's it for? all right, that's a good question given we still have many seem to think that we go out there just to have fun floating about and taking pictures of a planet the only pull the we do that too. but the main goal of every space mission is to perform a number of experiments. then that's what the customer notes do. cause me to being in space means we can observe us from the outside. that's and we use it for various experiments to study our planet in detail who do no problem. they range from simple ones like taking pictures for the more complex ones like spectral imaging, with special purpose equipment of security. and that's allows us to see not only things on the planet surface you, it'll say what's on the ground. we also study how human bodies adapted to being in space or more. so we run experiments on ourselves. what we've done with the help of space science has some space, medics also we're looking for ways to extend human capacity to spend time and space safely. we're looking to have people know nobody's been 6 months or 12 months or

more a little bit and then successfully returned to our planet issue, but also to land on the moon if needs be for a must be and be fit enough to continue working there. in general, the international space station is the world's largest, or if not the largest m, still definitely the most expensive level retreat ever created by humanity we use. but the porch in storage is because i'm not to the future here in star city. sort of gave mikaya is preparing for his 1st ever space like the it's so good to meet you here and such an interesting facility. i have to ask, we all know about 0 gravity out in outer space, being able to flip and training for that. but how do you train for that in a swimming pool? why do you have to become a diver new way of any preparation for working in outer space involves training in our hydro, labord, tori, and your customer knots,

practice all of their actions here in order to repeat them in space. we walk through the entire sequence, practice the entire plan of action in the labs, and also coordinate our actions as a team and then decide who does what during the space walker. i hear that one outing in a space so you can lose 2 kilograms. is that true and why is that that? uh huh. it's hard work actually. as you know, space walks nowadays can last up to 8 hours sometimes longer and it's all that time you can find in your suit and you work a lot. so naturally you sweat that way you can lose even more than 2 kilos depending on the job at hand. so when you're on an eva or an extra vehicular activity out side of the space station, if you lie a lot on your hands on it, which means you're training your fingers if i'm not mistaken. how does that work? i mean, how do you do that? because there's no of course hand strength is important and so is grant, basically your entire shoulder girdle is involved to your is there a certain tricks like in any profession when working in

a space suit for you shouldn't fight it, you need to become one with it. for and then you will have enough endurance to get you through the entire space walk mission. i know that we have a as authentic as you can get of a mock up inside a pool. here, you're inside a space suit. but when you're here, you have some safety precautions. you have divers who are down there with you, who can help you if you get in trouble. when you're in space, who do you rely on 10 years and of course an outer space. it's only you and your crew made that you can count on. nobody goes out into space alone with space walk commissions always require 2 crew members, each keeping an eye on the other. so you only have your mate to rely on yourself and some help from, or if there's been a long time since we've gone to the moment. but right now there's a lot more focus and attention on going back to the moon. how does this affect your training? and the more right now, i'm only hoping that one day i will be part of those mood admissions. i think any cosmonaut in any space agency wants to be on a mission like this. this dream is the reason you become a cosmo, not,

not only to go to outer space, but to go to the moon as well with when you're sick. so in fact, all attempts to go to the moon are just testing the technologies that will take human kind further into space. the 1st we need to gain a foothold on the moon as an interim phase, and then move on. you know, obviously this is going to take some time, but there's no doubt that it will happen in the near future. you work a lot with robots. that's natural. and is there a possible move it to use more robots? possibly even a i maybe even replace a customer knots at some point. is this part of the plan or will there always be a need for the customer? not in space? not even though because we have robotics systems at the international space station . and although i'm sure the technology is going to develop and move forward, it will never be to replace human. this is really robotic systems and cause when ops will be moving towards the future together with robots helping humans explore outer space or a know of uh, at 1st,

there will be some small systems assisting customer nots with minor tasks. but eventually, as the systems grow and develop, robots will be entrusted with more and more routine works is of course, i hope those robots will be safe to work with from and will really make the work of cosmonaut is easier. so use spacecraft, long distance flights. we've talked about that a little bit already. so that means new kinds of training. things that haven't been done for before kind of going because you don't know what to expect and how to prepare. um, how is that affecting your training in the prolonged space flights be of lunar missions or just a year long orbital. i assess flights that have become so common. recently require a new kind of training and training for a lunar mission includes learning to drive lunar rovers on the moon and landing on the moon and a manual mode. what we can find suitable conditions on earth for lunar driving practice. other things like manual mode, flight and landing drills require either computer modeling or practicing landing and a helicopter. for example, i think this is going to be the key type of training for such

a long term space expeditions to be to the right. so this place will never stop being fascinating to me. now, more of a fun question. i know that causes but not can be superstitious. uh, do you guys have any traditions or have you taken up any good luck charms with you? the yes or a many traditions longer and some of them was started by you already got in himself . usage got got in there. a good luck to him as to what i mean, but then you have an official name. no. the 0 gravity indicates at the crew captain takes with him a small stuffed toy. that's the only gets all kinds of record approvals to be included on the equipment and the condo listed. so when you but it is listed there as 0 gravity indicator that's always hung on a rope above the captain's head. off to the captain gets inside the cabin and seals

the door. he usually headings it back himself making so it doesn't get in his view when he's watching the control board as the rocket launches the road extends because of etc ration. yeah. give it. and once we reach old, it's about 9 minutes later when we have you 200 kilometers above the ground. yeah. and that's with 0, g begins when we ship what we call it, fetal, it immediately physically. but the plush toys is the 1st thing that begins to float from it. that's how the crew realizes that we're in a little bit. e 70 g. we've made it. the space between i've seen 1st time is on my crew. get really excited about seeing that toy flow to they started throwing pencils at each other as a way to at least see the 0 d while we county at feel that physically got it keeping we have to wait until central control gives us permission to one strap. out sales from our seats signal and then we can experience 0. do you fully are very cool. all right, so we've talked a lot about like the training. we've talked a lot about what it's like being up there. um, but getting down to pretty hard and it seems that it can put

a lot of stress on the vehicle stress on you can be terrifying. but you've said that keeping kind of a child like attitude, if it helps you talk to me a little bit about that. um, well yes, if you compare the launch and the return of human ton is the most dramatic and thrilling password in, if i usually compare it to a roller coaster, we feel the g factor. you'll see thing in the lending mode, you the re entry capsule and you'll being twisted into that. it slows down against the atmosphere. you'll caps, you'll still it's building up and you can see it engulfed in flames through the windows. uh, i tried to help my crew made so out on that 1st defense guide so that they don't freeze in fear because i'd rather stay engaged with the re entry process instead of just sitting there and bring them even what i tell them is. yeah, i mentioned that your children on a fun ride store. you can scream, you can shriek, i'm gonna kill you with one of that. first, it's better if you express your emotion, then if you've both lit up inside and whatever happens in the camp, seal is only recorded by the flight record. it's not going anywhere. once people

get the idea, they relax and reassure each other, but so we've learned that going through this stage can be easy and even enjoyable. so you can always predict exactly where you're gonna land. we know that it's going to be somewhere in the general area of the tundra. sometimes that can go wrong, as we know is leona. so you have to do survival training. what's that like? what's it about? what do you train for? what do you, what type of survival conditions? do you think that yes, we learned that less than that if the customer know to the enough and but you know, i have had an emergency landing. i mean, they found themselves in the tango during a brutal frost fall from any human life and a 100 kilometers from the nearest road. they were in the space suits and no clothes to change into something almost froze to death, even though they'd survive. the landing itself, like this teaches us up the, the is a diverse place would be a landing site, could be a forest lake, the deserts, or even a mountain. that's why we, on the goes to a viable training for various types of terrain. you don't have, you must learn to survive for

a given period of time without your survival kits is the only results. all right, so this gives you an idea of the size and this is just the russian is part of the space ocean 6. so you've been up here, you've done your job, you've made it down and i have to ask a question, kind of from the, from the kids side of my heart. what does it feel like to be back on earth after you've been in 0 doing what? what does it actually feel like put something on your body? and well, i'd say it feels as they feel in some kind of super heavy suit to them. each of my 4 expeditions was 6 months. and this means that i didn't experience any gravity for 6 months in a row. i remember my thoughts when we landed, i have to exit the spacecraft. they asked the captain, i'm the 1st one to go to school. i only have one fuss myself from the seat and stretch out my hands in front of me so that i could be pulled out and evacuated from the caps. you'll have to. okay. i remember feeling that my arms was so heavy, they wouldn't even move without significant effort. but if i was holding something

really big, like really to water bottles in each hand, after i was pulled out and seated in a chair, and when i felt the physical force cold made towards the ground, which i actually felt that energy, the poem defense ation of gravity. very cool. okay, so i'm also in the presence of not only a customer, not but an actor as well. you are part of the, of these off movies the challenge the something interesting about that is that you talk to people just base who didn't go through all the training, all the customer, not training, but basically just did a rapid, quick succession of trainings. and so they could get up there and fill in this part of the moving. um, does this open up new avenues does open up space to more people are oh, of course most of the levels federal schools must gave us a very short time frame 3 and a half months because we never had such a short period of time to train 2 people for space or just because normally we have

almost 3 times longer. but this experience prove that it is possible to train people even within such short time frames, approve of. so this trip made by the crew of the challenge has indeed opened the way for more people to go into space. one of your colleagues, um, a soviet customer not actually said this beautiful phrase that um, when you go up into space, you leave a patriot of your country, but when you return to earth, you are a patriot of earth. it's a beautiful idea. you can't see country boundaries from space, so that's produced by we may have an idea or about where a country line is, but we can't exactly tell where one state ends and the other begins. it's something you often notice when in a little bit. so we come to realize the death is fragile and we must judge people to present of our home. and when i get back to us, i really feel no boundaries, nothing feels truly and abroad,

that it goes wherever it is and it's still on us. the only a handful of people were chosen to be the 1st to take on space and what we know skiing was among them. what was it like and how do you prepare for something that you know so little about the 1st i want to say i've been looking forward to this conversation for a long time. i've heard a lot about you in my mind, you're kind of like our extended family because in full disclosure, your daughter, marina is my producer. so when you were chosen as an astride, you were preparing for things that we didn't know what to prepare for. we didn't know what the 0 g would feel like we didn't know what traveling and outer space would be like. so what was that like to be preparing for something that was unknown to everybody in january? 1963, but i was selected as a member of the 2nd group of cosmo knows. yeah, by that time it's your own people that don't really be into space. there was no

cosmo training center back then. no much experience. and so we were in a sense guinea pig, super good with us as test subjects. they worked out what it was like to live in space or new housing each in space. how's your day and with basic bodily functions and so on? if there was among 4 of the youngest members in the group, are there no way of being trained for a long duration flight event time, nobody knew what it was like to be in space for an extended period. so we will put through extremely tough training, just ok. your training was very difficult back then. in fact, it was much more difficult, much more harsh than the training that is taking place today. uh, what did you have to do? what was expected of a customer not back then, and what types of trainings have since been dropped while you last of the things we had to go through where they dropped like training sessions in the some old test chain. but i may want system will change all you might all scared about guy, man. well, they put you in

a sealed box where it's close to 90 degrees celsius and you'll fully closed. going your overalls, your heavy boots and, and wearing the hats and the customer now. so the test was to wait until your body temperature rises by 2 degrees, but it turned out there was no use for the test. so they gave up on it. the test remained, for example, yeah, i know that in this training center, when they do high g training, they go up to 8 g. but we used to have tough a standards or we trained up to 12 g o. so as you can see here with the center, they've got all these simulators under elaborate machine or they even have the craft on displaying here or it, or we had none of those. nowadays their entire laboratories that can fly and simulate a 0 gravity. these airplanes that go up and down, back in your time. how did you simulate 0 gravity? was there a way to do it? how did you find this ability to do so?

this yes and my time. no. and no flying lamar trees. we used to fly planes code make 15. you guys were, each of us had our own funds and start to myself included literally the pilot did the maneuver code up around the same as flying lab does, but only it has a more powerful engine at the top of the power of the law. you achieve weightlessness but it's only for a few seconds. and then those seconds for mobile i had to try eating a wafer. cool. now, when you were chosen as a customer, not only the lead to only a very select few could become a customer or not. but now there is an open call for anyone who is interested. is this a good thing that for us, right? altima eat you to come to come and ask you to know what you were. the grandfather of russian aviation and russian space exploration. nikolai come on and said the space is just an extension to aviation. that's why the 1st group of customer notes was formed internally of find a pilots. then it turned out that engineers don't to,

and design engine is going to own going to space as well. they play them so the requirements were like this a, if you pass the wait list list to store and completed centrifuge training, you could be consider the candidate for space flights. i think the very soon working in space will be just as essential as working in i t or, or doing comp injury. in other words, it will be a softer profession. back in your time when a customer not would return from space, they were an instance star. nowadays, people have our time knowing who their cause. minutes are there as not. so why do you think this is the word new customer and that today space exploration is become coming, play during the utah and on the tv. and there's only some story about what's happening in a little bit. so it's become the norm. in my days it was different when it caused me know when to space and returned bank to us. they became a national hero one order,

but we went the 1st one. so i'm being 1st and that is always difficult. i for one thing fits space flight will never be routine. it will always be fascinating. thank you for your work. i'm a familiar with your work on the bron program as well. and it's been an honor to talk to you today. the, [000:00:00;00]

the, [000:00:00;00] the, the russian states never, i've side as i'm one of the most sense community best. all sense and up the speed you one else calls question about this, even though we will ben in the european union the kremlin mission, the state on rochester. d. s. r t, suppose next, even our video agency,

roughly all the band on youtube tv services for the question, did you say they requested the same wrong? just don't you have to shape out the application and engagement equals the trail. when so many find themselves will support we choose to look so common ground the the balance of power in the middle east is in flux. israel no longer has it's

bounded to turn supremacy what is called the access of resistance is challenging. israel and importantly, it's western patrons. the pool will lead to india, the most populous country defaults to is going to economy for the next 5 years. we bring you a special election coverage over the next 6 weeks as the premium people will also ahead this, our rush's foreign minister pushes back against western narratives on ukraine. small school promotes piece talks instead of continued fine taking a while to us. and now i see to the feet, russia on the top of this reflects not so much of religion to attitude as