the, the, [000:00:00;00] the space has always captured humanities imagination. i mean, let's fix it. space is cool, but only the chosen few are able to head beyond the, the earth's atmosphere. it takes years of preparation to actually take on that final frontier. space training pushes the human abilities limits up to the very edge. so who are the super heroes of today? let's get to know them

a little better. the every cause of an entrepreneur storage here in the shows me go to doc or star city, the learning to operate a spacecraft. reading under g forces. moving in 0 gravity working in outer space and even coping with long term isolation. all this is todd with the help of flying labs, centrifuges, hydro labs, and a lot more space is closer than you think the customer and tony is a veteran of for space flights. he knows better than anyone how space becomes one's job. the so thanks for taking the time to uh, meet here,

basically in your office. so space. it's your job. how does one go about doing that? how do you become a customer on, let's say it was my childhood dream to be a cause minot and stuff. yeah. and i decided just like you were to get a guardian from the 1st team of customer notes to become a fight upon it 1st, before joining the customer, i would call the police okay, diaz to prepare for my 1st flight. that's now russian space agency is running a public recruitment campaign to the customer over to you and attempt to print basically any russian citizen under the age of $35.00 who has a higher education and meets a few other criteria can find to be selected as a customer and you have to actually stay calm. yeah, i mean, because you're sitting on top of a rocket in some instances with so much force and fresh going up behind you. there's so many things that can go wrong. you have to stay calm. can you train for that, or is it something that is just in your nature? i understand that you also have power shoot exercises that are kind of a psychological, a check as well, and also produce well, that's a good question. i'll do much. i think there's no person who was by nature is

prepared psychologically, 3rd unforeseen circumstances. by the way, a pen space flies itself is of cause hard and sometimes dangerous work, if an emergency it because the most important thing is to be calm and collected. but god has to do everything the way you were taught on the grill. and when you were preparing for the flight of the page, cosmonaut on the go, special power show training during which $4.00 to $6.00 trump some aid almost every day over the course of a month full on a long job, which last about a minute hold on. because middle, it has a special pad on that hand. it's a small plastic bed and which does a small task like it might be as simple as a mathematical plus or minus calculation. no telling the time show, don't know which one digit clock you can only look at the task. once you make the jump. when you're stabilized in free fall, you can begin to solve the problem with why a child that has a microphone on the recording device that records everything you're saying and see . so you speak as you do your task after the jump to every night, or specialists, overlay, the video that the camera man takes of you with a walk. you say he's

a piece we send them psychologists who are always present to the jumps. if that makes conclusions about your reactions in an extreme situation, and to me, it definitely is an extreme situation because i'm not a professional skydive up. and i know from my own experience that from jump the jump was the 1st 100 to 200 jumps. i could feel how i was getting mentally strong do i think what will compose to be able to pony? and if i could control my emotions, either way and even in subject stream situations that i could revolt on lots of getting on. i mean, so a full cuzamano to go through with that because someone else to another psychological test i guess is the isolation chamber where you have to go and number of days in silence deprivation sometimes without sleep. um that seems to me that could also really be a trial. what does that do for us or not? how does that help you prepare them as a way to sort of chain? there is a special room here in style, city, home of dc. it has no windows, only a door, a couple in the door is closed. there's absolutely no sound inside, which during the time you're in the chamber,

which can be from 3 to 5 days. if you're feeling you have no normal voice communication with anyone, you know, some of the confuse, day and night to. there's a bed next you. this is also mentally tough as you want to sleep on it, but you console, but i mean what the candidates for space flights selected for the customer to obtain post the sam proof chain, but test with the company. i mean, they were suspended from training and expelled from the customer, not squandered because they failed to soto chain. but test to i've always had that there is nothing more loud than the silence in your own head. the kind of yes, of course with some fits, stimulates long space flight by north of when the may be, for example, a lack of communication. you may be alone in the spacecraft and there may be a delay in transmission of information. so i think it's a very necessary test, especially for long space flights, but open. mm hm. now, when we think of, of cause months training, one thing is a stereotype, or kind of

a certain image is you spinning around in the centrifuge. right. uh, what exactly does that do? i know that it applies more g forces on you can explain a little bit of what that means and what do you do? how does that help you as an astro, prepare the jim of something for watch the centrifuge full because the centrifuge simulates overload to steve, which is what it cuts middle feels during the rocket launch and returned to us as he breaks from the speed of 8 kilometers. per 2nd, it's diversity 0, but if i'm it feels like you'll length increases in proportion to the overload or for example, the overload is a plus 3. and so you'll weight has tripled in your people's how does that feel as much with you as you try to lift your arm or leg? it doesn't matter. professional, you feel like it's 2 or 3 times heavier for these, but it's like something heavy is being put on it like a lead suit. it's out to move. it's also hard to breeze. ok, do you have some good? there is a special technique that helps deal with that, using our muscles. we take it the by holding the chest and breathing superficially with the abdomen. this allows us to continue functioning them to keep the

circulatory system working on. yeah, we don't lose consciousness and continue to perform a task. sweet. so now you have these laboratories, these planes that take you up into the parabolic curves. they give you about 29 seconds of 0 gravity 0. geez. um, is it like the real thing? is it, i mean, does it really give you that experience? i'd like to speak to that and they give you so much, but i'm going to put yes, it is real 0. gravity keeps the loosen oil. 76 plane is really big through, but i'm the cabin is almost full meat. this tool is completely empty. there are no seats. those people in the floor is covered with pending to minimize the risk of injury who people spend the customer notes in training, use it to learn to move around the cabin in 0 g before they go into a space mission. they also learn to put on the a, so it's in 0 d on a plane like this is skip this. this is what they need to be able to do in space. so these flight from really help them experiences 0 gravity in advance is done all your training. you're up on the i ss,

and now you have to do experiments because causes nonsense drugs. you have to do experiments while you're up there. in fact, the space flight itself is kind of an experiment. what do you do up there? what's it for? all right, that's a good question to them. we still have many seem to think that we go out there just to have fun floating about and taking pictures of a planet viewing, although we do that too. but the main goal of every space mission is to perform a number of experiments. then that's what the customer notes do, cause me to being in space means we can observe us from the outside and then we use it for various experiments to study our planet in detail who do no problem. they range from simple ones like taking pictures for the more complex ones like spectral imaging, with special purpose equipment to city. and that's allows us to see not have these things on the planet surface, but it will say what's on the ground. we also study how human bodies adapted to being in space or more. so we have been experiments on ourselves. what we found with the help of space scientists and space medics. but also we're looking for ways to extend human capacity to spend time and space safely. we're looking to have

people know who has been 6 months or 12 months or more a little bit and then successfully returned to our planet issue, but also to land on the moon if needs be forum us, and be fit enough to continue working there. in general, the international space station is the world, the largest one. so if not the largest m, still definitely the most expensive level retreat ever created by humanity we use. but the porch in storage is because i'm not to the future here in star city. sort of gate mikaya is preparing for his 1st space flight. the it's so good to meet you here and such an interesting facility. i have to ask, we all know about 0 gravity out in outer space being able to flip and training for that. but how do you explain to that in a swimming pool? why do you have to become a diver new way?

i'm gonna need preparation for working in outer space involves training in our hydro, labord, tori, and your customer knots, practice all of their actions here in order to repeat them in space. we walk through the entire sequence, practice the entire plan of action in the labs, and also coordinate our actions as a team and then decide who does what during the space walker. i hear that one outing in a space suit. you can lose 2 kilograms. is that true and why is that? at? uh huh. it's hard work actually. as you know, space walks nowadays can last up to 8 hours sometimes longer and it's all that time you can find in your suit and you work a lot. so naturally you sweat that way you can lose even more than 2 kilos depending on the job at hand. so when you're on an eva or an extra vehicular activity out side of the space station, if you lie a lot on your hands, which means you're training your fingers if i'm not mistaken. how does that work? i mean, how do you do that? because there's no of course hand strength is important and so is grant,

basically your entire shoulder girdle is involved to your is there a certain tricks like in any profession when working in a space suit for you shouldn't fight it. you need to become one with it. for and then you will have enough endurance to get you through the entire space walk mission. i know that we have a as authentic as you can get of a mock up inside a pool. here, you're inside a space suit. but when you're here, you have some safety precautions. you have divers who are down there with you, who can help you if you get in trouble. when you're in space, who do you rely on 10 years now? of course an outer space. it's only you and your crew made that you can count on. nobody goes out into space alone. the space walk commissions always require 2 crew members, each keeping an eye on the other. so you only have your mate to rely on yourself and some help from earth. there's been a long time since we've gone to the moment, but right now there's a lot more focus and attention on going back to the moon. how does this affect your training? and the more right now, i'm only hoping that one day i will be part of those mood admissions. i think any

cosmonaut in any space agency wants to be on a mission like this. this dream is the reason you become a cosmo, not, not only to go to outer space, but to go to the moon as well when you're sick. so in fact, all attempts to go to the moon are just testing the technologies that will take human kind further into space. the 1st we need to gain a foothold on the moon as an interim phase, and then move on. you know, obviously this is going to take some time, but there's no doubt that it will happen in the near future. you work a lot with robots. that's natural. and is there a possible move it to use more robots? possibly even a i maybe even replace a customer knots at some point. is this part of the plan? or will there always be a need for the customer? not in space. not even though because we have robotic systems at the international space station. and although i'm sure the technology is going to develop and move forward, it will never be to replace human robotics systems and cause when ops will be

moving towards the future together with robots helping humans explore outer space or i know of at 1st there will be some small systems assisting customer knots with minor tasks, but eventually, as the systems grow and develop, robots will be entrusted with more and more routine works is, of course, i hope those robots will be safe to work with them and will really make the work. if cosmonaut is easier, so use spacecraft, long distance flights. we've talked about that a little bit already. so that means new kinds of training. things that haven't been done for before kind of going because you don't know what to expect and how to prepare. and how is that affecting your training need to me for a long space flights be a lunar missions or just a year long orbital. i assess flights that have become so common. recently require a new kind of training and training for lunar mission includes learning to drive lunar rovers on the moon and landing on the moon in a manual mode where we can find suitable conditions on earth for lunar driving practice. other things like manual mode,

flight and landing drills require either computer modeling or practicing landing and a helicopter. for example, i think this is going to be the key type of training for such a long term space expeditions to be the right. so this place will never stop being fascinating to me. now, more of a fun question. i know that causes when i was going to be superstitious. uh, do you guys have any traditions or have you taken up any good luck charms with you? the yes or a many traditions longer and some of them was started by you. what are you good? gotten himself lucy's. you got got in the right. good luck to him as to why me, but then you have an official name. no. the 0 gravity indicates at the crew captain takes with him a small stuffed toy. that's the only gets all kinds of record approvals to be included on the equipment and the condo listed. so when you but it is listed there as a 0 gravity indicator that's always hung on

a rope above the captain's head. off to the captain gets inside the cabin and sales the door. he usually hung today himself making so it doesn't get in his view when he's watching the controls board. as the rocket launches the road extends because of etc ration you with. and once we reach old, it's about 9 minutes late to when we have you 200 kilometers above the ground. yeah, and that's where the 0 d begins when we show what we call it, fill it immediately physically. but the plush toys is the 1st thing that begins to float from it. that's how the crew realizes that we're in a little bit. e 70 g. we've made it to space because i've seen 1st time is on my crew. get really excited about seeing that toy float. they started throwing pencils at each other as a way to at least seize, busy, or energy. well, we come to you at phillip physically and keep it. we have to wait until central control gives us permission to one strap. out sales from our seats signal and then we can experience 0. do you fully? very cool. all right, so we've talked a lot about like the training. we've talked

a lot about what it's like being up there. um, but getting down to pretty hard and it seems that they can put a lot of stress on the vehicle stress on you can be terrifying. but you've said that keeping kind of a child like attitude is help you talk to me a little bit about that. um, well yes, if you compare the launch and the return and the return is the most dramatic and thrilling password in the file, i usually compare it to a roller coaster. we feel the g factor. you'll see thing in the lending mode. you'll the re entry capsule and you'll being twisted into that. it slows down against the atmosphere. you'll caps, you'll still it's building up and you can see it engulfed in flames through the windows. i tried to help my crewmates who are on that 1st defense guide, so they don't freeze in fear. just kind of i'd rather stay engaged with the re entry process instead of just sitting there and bring them even what i tell them is . yeah, as i mentioned that your children on a fun ride store, you can scream, you can shriek, i'm ok with all of that, but it's better if you express your emotion. then if you've both lit up inside of whatever happens in the camp,

seal is only recorded by the flight record. it's not going anywhere. once people get the idea, they relax and reassure each other, but so we've learned that going through this stage can be easy. and even enjoyable . so you can always predict exactly what you're going to end. we know that it's going to be somewhere in this general area of the tundra. sometimes that can go wrong as we know this early on, if um, so you have to do survival training. what's that like? what's it about? what do you train for? what do you, what type of survival conditions? do you see that? yes, we learned that lesson of the customer though. it's really an open but you know, i have had an emergency landing. i mean, they found themselves in the tango during a brutal frost fall from any human life and a 100 kilometers from the nearest road. they were in the space suits and no clothes to change into, so they almost froze to death, even though they'd survive. the landing itself, like this teaches us up. the things that done fast place would be a landing site could be a forest lake, the deserts, even a mountain. that's why we undergoes

a viable training for various types of terrain not to believe you must learn to survive for a given period of time without your survival kits is the only results. all right, so this gives you an idea of the size and this is just the russian is part of the space ocean 6. so you've been up here, you've done your job, you've made it down. and i have to ask a question, kind of from the, from the kid side of my heart. uh, what does it feel like to be back on earth after you've been in 0 gene? what, what does it actually feel like put something on your body? and well, i'd say it feels as i feel in some kind of super heavy suit to them. each of my 4 expeditions was 6 months. and this means that i didn't experience any gravity for 6 months in a row. i remember my thoughts when we landed i had to exit the spacecraft. they asked the captain, i'm the 1st one to go to. so i only have one fuss myself from the seat and stretch out my hands in front of me so that i could be pulled out and evacuated from the capsule. i told you,

i remember feeling that my arms was so heavy or they wouldn't even move without significant effort. because if i was holding something really big like really to water bottles in each hand. after i was pulled out and seated in a chair, when i felt the physical force pulling me towards the ground, which i actually felt that energy, the po, without defense ation of gravity. very cool. okay. so i am also in the presence of not only a customer, not but an actor as well. you were part of the visa movie, the challenge. the something interesting about that is that you talk to people to space who didn't go through all the training, all the customer training, but basically just did a rapid quick succession of trainings. and so they could get up there and fill in this part of the moving. um, does this open up new avenues does open up space to more people or what's costs on some of the level spend rosco's most gave us very short time frame 3 and a half months because we never had such

a short period of time to train to people for space or just because normally we have almost 3 times longer, that this experience prove that it is possible to train people even within such short time frames could about. so this trip made by the crew of the challenge has indeed opened the way for more people to go into space. one of your colleagues, um, a soviet customer not actually said this beautiful phrase that when you go up into space, you leave a patriot of your country. but when you return to earth, you are a patriot of earth. that's a beautiful idea. you can't see country boundaries from space that's produced. we may have an idea or about wherever it country alliance, but we can't exactly tell where one state ends and another begins. it's something you often notice when in a little bit. so we come to realize the death is fragile and we must urge people to present of our home. and when i get back to us,

i really feel no boundaries. nothing feels truly abroad. it goes wherever it is and it's still a loan of the only a handful of people were chosen to be the 1st to take on space at what we know. skiing was among them. what was it like and how do you prepare for something that you know so little about the 1st i want to say i've been looking forward to this conversation for a long time. i've heard a lot about you in my mind, you're kind of like our extended family because in full disclosure, your daughter marina is my producer. so when you are chosen as an estrada, you were preparing for things that we didn't know what to prepare for. we didn't know what to 0, gee, would feel like we didn't know what traveling an outer space would be like. so what was that like to be preparing for something that was unknown to everybody? me january 1963 was selected as

a member of the 2nd group of calls minorities. by that time state your own people had already being despise. there was no customer nor training center back then a no much experience. and so we were in a sense guinea pig slippers with us as test subjects. it worked out what it was like to live in space and you know, take each in space how's your day with basic bodily functions and so on. if that was among 4 of the youngest members in the group, are there no way of being trained for a long duration flights and event time? nobody knew what it was like to be in space for an extended period. so we will put through extremely tough training, just ok. your training was very difficult banks and in fact, it was much more difficult, much more harsh than the training that is taking place today. uh, what did you have to do? what was expected of a customer not back then, and what types of trainings have since been dropped? why a lot of the things we had to go through with lights of dropped, like training sessions in the some old test chamber. i mean,

want system with chamber, you might all scared about cabinet. well, they put you in a sealed box where it's close to 90 degrees celsius and you'll find the closed during your overalls, your heavy boots and wearing a hot grapevine now. so the test was to wait until your body temperature rises by 2 degrees. it turned out there was no use for the test, so they gave up on it. then i'm with all the test remained. for example, if you, i know that in this training center, when they do high g training, they go up to 8 g. but we used to have tough a standards or we trained up to 12 g o. so as you can see here, the center, they've got all these simulators under elaborate machine or they even have the craft on display here or it, or we had none of those. nowadays their entire laboratories that can fly and simulate a 0 gravity. these airplanes that go up and down,

back in your time. how did you simulate 0 gravity? was there a way to do it? how did you find this ability to do so? this? yes, it might. so i'm the one know, flying the bar try's you. we used to fly planes code make 15. you guys were, each of us had our own funds and started to myself included really the pilot did the maneuver code up around the same as flying lab does. will only it has a more powerful engine at the top of the parabola. you achieve weightlessness, but it's only for a few seconds. but in those seconds for mobile i had to try eating a wafer. cool. now, when you were chosen as a customer, not only the elite, only a very select few could become a customer not. but now there is an open call for anyone who is interested. is this a good thing that for us, right? altima, eat you to come to come and ask you to know what you were. the grandfather of russian aviation and russian space exploration. nikolai, come on and said the space is just an extension to aviation and that's why the 1st

group of cosmo notes was formed internally a fight at pilots. then it turned out that the engineers don't to, and design engine is going to own, go into space as well. you play them. so the requirements are like this. if you post the wait list of this test or, and completed centrifuge training, you could be considered the candidate for space flights. i think the very soon working in space will be just as essential is working in i t or, or doing concentrate with. in other words, it will be a somewhat tough to profession. back in your time when a customer not would return from the space they were in instant star. nowadays, people have our time knowing who their cause. minutes are we there as not, sorry. what do you think this is the word new customer not today? space exploration has become come and play easy. and then you turn on the tv and there's only some story about what's happening and all that. so it's become the norm. in my days it was different when it cosmonaut went to space and returned bank to us when they became

a national hero one or we when the 1st one. so i'm being 1st and that is always difficult. i for one thing fits the space flight will never be routine, it will always be fascinating. thank you for your work. i'm a familiar with your work on the run program as well. and it's been an honor to talk to you today the

the, [000:00:00;00] the door to door or to, to just don't want that is that i'm missing. so media from it on so we will use the facilities for sure, but for new settings from we assume great things. i'm really familiar with the norm. yes it personally. so it was the one that so this still be the name is e, as in which the b is keep, i'm not sure who to be that you'd like to to should get us the book switching such

as to me and i don't authority to producing that to, to see the proposed pass, the acceptance that i'm here to plan with you, whatever you do, you do not watch my new show search like why watch something that's so different whitelisted opinions that he won't get anywhere else. welcome to please or do have the state department, the c i a weapons, bankers, multi 1000000000 dollar corporations. choose your fax for you. go ahead. change and whatever you do. don't want my show, say main street, because i'm probably going to make you uncomfortable. my show is called direction, but again, you probably don't want to watch it because it might just change in the waiting. thank. on march the 22nd 1943. doing the great petri. i'll take the shirts and munch fatality and 118.

run down the belly, mercy and village of clotting rod issue, but the person who did the new wish and luxury is still there. yes. the this one most of the room, 240 you to you. $149.00 people died, including $75.00 children of age was practically wiped off the face of the la new blue loves of the auction. couldn't charlie was, you know, and you will you to dispose, oh, shoot was hard really. i really usually don't you feeling yes, so the infamous battalion responsible for the atrocity included over $100.00 ukrainian national is from west to new. right. because of the picture. talk with them with you and get them see what you guys are seeing you on that. so a lot of those to us pursuing your upper truen. i'm, i'm with them. you as customers declassified criminal cases from the central

archive of the k g b, a better rules shed light on the atrocity. and on so numerous questions that have remained an onset for many years. watch on oxy, the i'm action or sense you're welcome back to going under ground broke us to go around the world from west asia where what some of the cooling up 3rd world war widens limits mass censorship in nato nations of news information. and i'll give me a jump skin propaganda model and steroids with britain and the us bombing yemen in iraq and us proxies. bombing, syria and palestine. i'm loving and expressing this ends is never be more difficult . i mean it stay declining american empire, joining us onto of wiki leaks,