a positive reasons, trends against the background of a complex enlightened past history. the annual report by the us commission on international religious freedom claimed religious rights have deteriorated from the country. india, as far a ministry slammed the document as simple pro gun the realtor goat, both the country from the fully indian and past that a problem the i'll have a listen to this the us completion point to national interest. freedom. no, not making the effort to understand in the guide will move the listing and demographics each was the font dining book, just your boss is very suspicious. it has to be released while the unit general elections and it really said in ms. bonds do this before the f one into the, with the largest electro exercise in the water will not succeed. so there is some

confusion in that context. don't know. you know, the fact do that instead of going to been doing it on the us must look at the situation and they don't guarantee. as many of the guys believe that religious freedom in their own country is under the trait. so it has to do us. what's called in on the principle of religious liberty, but just for example, under the us needs to correct the wrong in its own society are roughly on the program here. and honestly it's enough for just linking it to india quickly. of course, that country, one of the key players, are the brick span when he kindly chad by russia, a more and more chestnut rub bounding world, wind about the bricks full coming gold back cover and see detail so hard to find. but they are slowly coming out questionable with us. this is on so you can set up the

take a fresh look around his life. kaleidoscopic isn't just a shifted reality distortion by power to division with no real opinions. fixtures designed to simplify will confuse who really wants a better wills, and is it just because it shows you fractured images, presented to this, but can you see through their illusion going underground? can the

the the, when i 1st moved to rush i, one of the most amazing things i found was the most school metro. in fact, the very 1st phrase that i ever learned in russian was doubtful. doors are closing agent. so what makes this place so special? what secrets is it hiding to find out? we're going deep under the city with alexander pop off. he's a historian who studies the wonders of the moscow metro. the

whole meeting to hear this is going to be an excellent adventure for me because i love the metro. so i have to ask for 48 metro stations. that's a lot of stations, but generally it's just a public transport service. it's now on the list of cultural heritage sites. what does a metro that's in use of need to do to become insight? many must go metro stations are underground palaces when the 1st line was launched in 1935, it was like nothing else in the world at the time. the subway stations in new york, as in london with typical utilitarian transport facilities, bill meant a ferry passengers from a to b and provide you then so in

a profit. but the then young soviet, russia had the and vision to showcase something. nobody else have done. it was truly an underground palace for everyone, chrome labels like a richly decorated public space flooded with light and fresh. yeah. it was accessible to all classes my accost gas station where we are now is a typical example of most good metro architecture. so it's an underground palace, which is one of you definitely decorated with most banks on the ceiling with extensive use of materials like mobiles in greenwich. it was the 1st station to have stainless steel on the columns, where it was the epitome of the idea behind the 1st metro line, 1st floor by which was to show the soviet metro as the best in the world. now we are quite deep underground, but still it's kind of feels lights and airy infections. very well lit down here. how did you achieve this effect? that's also my goal is to apply a cost guidelines about 40 meters on the ground. so it'd be a talk detect and engineers had studied

a deep column type subway station in new york built in the early 19 se, and re imagined it in a very creative way that almost any that was the origin of my cost gas station was designed with is i like we're at the literature at the time, describes lack of scale as an american style station. people. yep. that was and still is as far as i know, like i'm no new york subway architecture to speak of except a few individuals. nations. however, you see this incredible, like listen, state and columns which we used instead of the method pillars built in other stations that was new main street because it required a whole lot of different mathematical model. initially this was supposed to be a non broken, single volt and it was meant to be much higher. later they began to calculate the dimensions and realize that without these thick metal strips, the ceiling would cave in like this. and they'd be a disaster. so they the ceiling considerably. yeah, there's a metal stress. they ended up with a station that has a very slender and graceful columns. add to that the use of stainless steel on

except marble flow, which was linked to replacement, granite problem and these beautiful most x. so i see that on these columns and arches, they have the stainless steel, which is kind of different from the marble. why did you choose to have this type of finish? the 1950s when you have a roof aviation long distance flights record speeds, distances and altitudes, stainless steel, evoked images of plains and saplings is a legend about my a call scale. so i'm say the steel, the salvage from sampling, get it, but that's not true. it's like it's just a nice mess where they give them the beautiful interior request or a maintenance still needs to be polished, so that stays shiny and doesn't rust on nobody's deal. i got about 10 or 15 years ago, it was decided to renovate the station. and the interior was recreated to look exactly like in 1930 a tool. now i've heard of best buy stand on this corner vendor standing on that corner. and i you can hear me from there. is that true?

we can give it a try. now we're gonna try what's sponsored by a tough guy on metro station. it's very clear that i can hear you from all the way over there. so i understand that there are a lot of such as stones actually been the making of this itself. you've talked about it a little bit before, can you show me so what are we looking at here specifically? this is organ. remodel a come from and the exact name right now, but it's used in the metro. a lot of the end stainless steel which we've spoken about across and this red bond is made of a gym stone cold onyx. it's a very rare or a new mode deposits of it. today they've all been exhausted when they were renovating the station. they repaired the mobile particles and they had to go back

to the old onyx mines. we stopped operations now. learn how to work with all next the gain of cobble these fine details. the floor was completely redone. level was replaced with granite filled up the design state, exactly the same, this station as a cultural heritage side. so any work here is considered restoration and you come to use different technology, different colors, and so on. they have to be very careful and work on the architectural supervision to make sure the appearance of the station remains consistent with the original other is all it certainly beautiful and also we have some mosaics here. what's the idea behind this? i mean, it's so intricate. there's so much to take in talk to me when you look up, it's hard to miss now, but it's easy to just walk on by talk to me about the most ex driveable. yes, it was a genius idea for the ceiling was low, with the station would look impressive. right, so the architects came up with the idea of, of these domains and put mosaics inside them. celebration balances today, nika,

made sketches for them. the most acts themselves were crafted in leningrad, inserted in the doings when fully assembled. they show what the scope of the soviet union looks like in the course of a day. what a typical day in a. so it'd be a country is like, we say sports activities, industrialization, aviation power shooting, there's a power she would just in this one of these before. it was a popular, spoilt at the time as a part of it was a power issue town and nearly every pock with people to give it a try and talk with ok. so i know that there is a lot to say, let's go and see another station. shelly. yep, let's go to most about scale. the

. so this is incredibly fascinating. this is no, this will both kind of station it's incredibly beautiful. it's incense, we have these stained glass panels here of something that you wouldn't expect to see down here in the metro station. in fact, you expect to see stained glass windows somewhere perhaps in a church. so if you don't mind telling me why is this so beautiful, what is this all about? it's about a well effect of people coming here. so your oldest jewel dropping duty instead with round eyes. it's true that it feels like being in an underground church. this stained glass technology was borrowed from catholic churches which had stained glass windows. these stained glass panels were manufactured in riga by local office when you were familiar with stained glass with back in the 1950s at the property came up to the technology was virtually unknown and the rest of russia because

christian orthodox churches don't have such windows. they used old stuff, piles of glass that they, what do you think the thought, according to the chief design, a woman use that glass for his magnificent flux about because in fact this station could have been quite different, tied to the original design cold for the use of uranium to us, which had natural fluorescence and glows green in the document. however, the nuclear program was in full swing and the 1950s over uranium was considered a strategic was also. so they decided against allocating uranium glass for this project is that our company, the office to make do with other materials. so they decided to use stained glass with daylight lamps behind it. what is the story behind these panels specifically? well, i'm used to seeing them in churches that tell stories. i'm not used to seeing them down under ground in the metro. what is the story behind these panels pacifically and what are their meaning? the main idea behind the architectural design of the metro is to remove the feeling of being cramped in an aerospace that's 40 meters deep on the legs of rock over the

photo. command stations must be full of air and space and line. you have, let me on here we have these panels which create the illusion of windows looking into a street the lead from behind, with daylight lamps, even though they didn't think of it that way. back in the 1950s, basically, it feels like a catholic church because the techniques appliance here are the same is that was used for making stained glass in churches. this panel is an abstract one. different shapes filess, but some so, and some of the panels have 5 pointed stars at the top of those have medallions depicting different peaceful professions, such as steel work, or what on test for an architect. these modality, i'm celebrate the peaceful endeavors at the safety of the state of the victory in world war 2. as i said before, initially they wanted to use to uranium glass but weren't able to obtain that it was easy. however, to obtain gold for guild in for us on a months to come. so they got hold of some gold for decorating this station and

come to most guy on the central line, which is another deal of the must go metro and this real goals i'm not sure how much of it is left, but officially this is guilty for us so i see something over here that i want to take a look at. do you mind walking over here and showing me what we have? let's take a look. maybe we'll see something interesting. so this is very impressive and when i saw it, it reminds me of the madonna in the sistine chapel and tell me about this music and what are we looking at here? no, cuz i'm fucked up this moves and it looks like i'm, i don't, i was just wanting to protection. but now the version claims this woman looked like the wife of bush kim, who was the architect of never slip. let's go. and his belief to be multiplied his wife in this mosaic canal or provide them all but it be that as it may, this woman does look like the sustain ladonna who is holding a baby in her arms. this station was completed in 1952,

a year before stanton's desk, and originally it was a portray to style in a buffer. no doves and the woman's figure was a little different than you said, if you had laid a cruise, jeff folded this mosaic to be removed, possibly hated it. that much. however, metro employees just hit it behind a false will to preserve it, put in the chief designer of the station who created all of those things across panels as well as the mosaic. we did this one twice, the tweaks the fingers of the women and the baby, and remove stalin's face, replacing it with doves and the golden branch. everything as a story. so the moscow metro has kind of developed its own culture even, and there's even a station where they have official concerts there. talk to me a little bit how this culture has developed. the system, the years, the must go metro with a closed organization with find it restrictive access. over the last decade, however, it has developed in increasingly, tube and culture and has been hosting numerous events, performances,

and exhibitions. you could call it an emerging subculture, i'd say the metro has done a tremendous amount of work in the last 15 years, also to become more open and perceptive to its passengers. it's the right thing to do, and a highly commendable effort. i have to ask there's legends about the mile, sco metro, this legends about anything that has such a history and culture, and maybe even about ghosts or a friend somethings that role the area. and is this true and maybe have you had your self any encounters with those to the metro metro system is a huge living organism, a mechanical organism from every night, thousands of people go down these tunnels to do maintenance and repair works. so perhaps fortunately there's no room left for ghosts, but at least we have beautiful legends that we can tell to raise to visit the station about of us, the

a lot of man. good evening. thank you for meeting us there. i'm uh, looking forward to seeing the metro and where you can show us around and i'm pleased to meet you here. i'm going to tell you about the job covering in the metro try and drive us. all right, let me pull on the the so some of my questions might seem a little bit weird, but frankly i don't know how a metro operates. so tell me how this works. for example. um, can you turn the train in the wrong direction and collide with another train? is that even possible here? the thing who's calling happened in the most go metro trains authorized by the drivers. and there's also automatic controls in place because centralized

dispatches center has been set up in moscow, where traffic control operation supervisor the driver's work component to the movement alone metro training. so even if you have a go for being a dr of files to apply the brakes and the situation collisions well because as the trains will stop automatically and i didn't ask you to any of the train in the wrong direction, it's not possible either. and it's gone have even due to human error because everything is or what you might say to you when i mean we're stop right now, but when we get moving a, how fast on average does this tree move? the maximum speed of the trains in the most go metro is 18 kilometers an hour. speed depends on the route the ranging from $60.00 to $70.00, or even 40 kilometers per hour, but no more than an 80 kilometers power. so we know that some countries are already using driverless training systems, but to me it seems like there has to be some situations where you need to have a driver in that position. what are your thoughts on this move?

so having like a mechanized system, you may be aware that the interval between trains is the shortest and the most of the metro about 90 seconds. of course, the pros as of introducing drive of this train operation is ongoing, but it's not like we're seeking to completely get rid of try and drive is at once. this may happen at some point in the future, but it's not the ultimate goal. so when i'm standing on the platform, i'm always scared to fall under the tracks. what happens is someone actually falls under the tracks. what do you do? what can you do? and that sort of a situation inside the chain draw that has a clear procedure of a son situations. if a person falls onto the truck. so the 1st thing the driver must do is stop the train it. so in gauges the emergency break, then the driver notifies the traffic control that operates at where the person is on the track and submit a request to turn off the electricity on the 3rd rail, then the drive a choice of the passenger to come down. and then the he's got to train full of

people and he can open the doors to let them go just yet, because the train is not fully arrived at the platform. then he goes out of the drive, his cab days go some technical steps and goes to inspect the track and look for the person. from that point, there were 2 possibilities that he can remove the person from the tracks themselves, or he cause the emergency technical service and the rest of the team. when they arrive, they may even lift the train call up to get the person from under it. so if the driver can manage the situation himself, it's usually over in 5 to 7 minutes. if the emergency services needed on the sides, it could beat so seo, 40 minutes, would it all depends on how bad the passenger is covered under the train. situations can be very different. you've been doing this a long time, so you've seen a lot of changes over the years. let's say in the past 10 years, what has changed about how the metro operates in new technology and what have you for me in these last 10 years, almost everything has changed, contrives to the huge number of new stations and tunnel assembled for the state of the art systems have been introduced to the monitor,

the driver's work and makes the jump easy, for example, and every drive is kept now has a so called and the sleep system, the model, it says the drive a state in real time. it's almost 910 to 2, and then the driver has been just trying to see what both fell asleep and so on. there are systems that make the train break when it is entering a station. suppose you drive into a station, a new files upright. the machine will stop the train at the 1st cause don't position and it will be so smooth. the passengers will have no idea of as something is off, then why do you feel how we're breaking? now, this is the work of a human drive that but with automation, it would have been just the same. so there are many systems in your mind, what is the most difficult part of your job? i wouldn't say being a trained driver is difficult. i'd say it because creative as a being and the drive is kind of, it is a level and a huge responsibility is that you're driving

a train with people and it depends on you must feel it with you until i bought a, a controlling the train is like playing a musical instrument, it's not that it's difficult is just the responsibility the you must feel more. yes . you must learn a lot, a know a lot to become a try and drive a body's not like is too complex and it's loading trains. a very easy to control, you can take a person with no prior training. anyone that's old and sees them how to control the training in 5 days or in a week. like controlling the train is only a small part of being a trained drive that has the more than the the, the core skill required in this job is handling nonstandard situations. ok, whatever may arise, you must be ready to solve the problem quickly and above all, safely on the, on the device is what this job is really about. and so earlier i asked if someone were to fall off the platform, what would you do? but what would i do if i fell down there from a passenger's perspective? uh yup. oh, stop by saying that you can avoid fully onto the trace. if you stay at

a safe distance from the edge of the platform. and if you don't run at the metro when you're drunk, but if i look and see what i'm lucky enough to for, into the track senior, your actions will depend on this scenario your in. if you can already see a train approaching, you must of lie down in this part between the tracks we went ahead to wants to train is 100 percent safe. as the pit is deep enough to keep you safe from the moving train of them. but if you cannot see the train yet, you may turn around and go to the head of the platform where you'll see a sun with the number 8 that marks the stuff in position for the 1st call of the train. it. or you can use the digital clock. yeah. above the tunnel as your point of reference, i'm let people stay that way for a police officer, secuity officer. just all duty station officer that spell bring you back onto the platform using a safe way. something couple of people that just make sure that you don't try to climb onto the platform yourself. what for them?

it's very dangerous. you may accidentally touch the 3rd row, which has a high voltage. so you don't want to touch it. so the, so this is something new, this is different. it's not like the other stations we saw that are very intricately detailed, the ones in the past. tell me, what's the idea behind this? it still looks fantastic. but what's the idea here? what i believe we're witnessing the best of a new type of architecture in the moscow metro especially, but it's new rapid transit line called the big circle line. i'm opening up the teams of walk a tech to lift on dozens of projects which in they all used different approaches and they've gotten this time to go. as a result, we can now see one of a kind designs that many of the new stations you go to,

every single one of them is unique in its own way. and that's what matters like this station risk out of the way. it's an example of how fairly simple elements such a stainless steel in patches, basic dealing with we have seen use by the architects to create quite a remarkable interior. this is no longer in the underground palace. it's a functional space which also looks great from within my view, at least a few. now we know that a lot of the lines, several of them go underneath waterways underneath some of the river. and they're very deep down to about 20 stories down in some cases. um, how do they build metro's like this? like i would probably be the 1st, they dig a vertical shopping vertical tunnel that's about 17 inches deep. and then from there, they build a system of temporary underground galleries to reach c, e, and then down to points of the future underground metro station. then they take the main tunnel with the help of a tunnel boring machine and finish the works with manual labor project. cameras, explosives, you know, the so called blasting method to bend,

so they clear oldest space here and it's a lot of hard work. that's true. i thought it and you'll write some of the tunnels with dug out under the moscow river. for example, the negative skis that on the stations tunnel, it was also built by a t b m. c ship. it's a tying tested reliable technology, an industry standard, but of course there's a lot of water in the process. well, about that water, i mean, we know that there are underground rivers. we know that there is ground water. how do you protect the metro from being flooded? have you keep everyone safe? of course, the metro titles, water breaks during construction, waterproofing lanza bills. and also this very shape of the tunnel of a cylinder insurance, additional protection from water, it looks like an umbrella, or in fact with water was found to run off the sides with drain system. so installed to channel it further. now we've seen a lot, there's a lot to the metro system. what is it beyond what we see the guest so in users of

the metro wouldn't even believe or wouldn't even know about if i was going to be the commute to seize on average, about 40 to 50 percent of everything that's being built here. what you've done see is a lot of to legal systems such as electric substations, ventilating systems drain systems, smoke exhaust system, some of the main kinds of power lines. there is, in fact, a special tunnel build for all the power lines that surface station is concealed behind the station wall to the metro is a very complex structure of the customers only see a part of the call. they see the interior design. you put some glimpses of the tunnel as during the ride with a new metro is a complex mechanism that requires a lot of skill and precision to make it function like clockwork and be safe for transporting large numbers of people. safety measures are extremely important to you, especially fire safety. each station is equipped with a smoke exhaust system of voice fire alarm system. the station master has a dashboard that receives a feed from c c t,

v cameras and input from fire and smoke detectors. so any final has that can be identified immediately. my goal is to add to ensure the safety of all passengers and all the systems naturally take up some space inside the metro stations. even though they usually hide behind what everyone sees when they use the metro. the most, the metro is certainly a fascinating place, and in the past 10 years, it's grown one and a half times in your estimation as somebody who knows, what do you see for the next 100 years for the most, the metro. it's actually the queen to the philip house. that's an interesting question. and of course the metro will continue to grow. well, we have new lines and stations will be built. what i put in a 100 years teleportation technology will be invented to enable faster transportation with the, with the moscow is growing. then today a metro right across the city of the spike being the fastest transport option available is this can take over an hour. but again, the metro system is expanding and i hope this trend will persist with what i was

outing in many most ations, which passengers will appreciate the phone off guard. there's always room for criticism, but moscow is getting new beautiful stations. and that's great. triple thought. on of the western relief tenuously declare they are virtuous because of their so called values. the assault on the palestinians destroys them of their virtues and reveals

they have no values at all. you know, this is the case when they say, i believe in free speech, but the, the headlights here on how to use the national most coast as ukraine is being used by the west to wage an open war against russia. that's also the british foreign secretary said p of has the right to strike russian pockets with the u. k. supplied the west as us authorities press down on campus protests across america, iran steps and then also scholarships to any students expelled over that support for gaza. the nation supreme leader flashing out once you get this behavior from the american government towards the student process has shown that roger france pessimism towards the us get shelves to everyone to the us. is that cold list? please? real close with the program in the lab. us report on the religious freedoms as.