just look at the situation and data or guns, a little village. we literally us believe that religious freedom in their own dunphy is under the trait. so as i said to us was part of the principle of religious liberty. but just the 1st of the 2 and the us needs to correct the role in its own society. all right, with all of our storage continuing online, we are back at the top of the hour with your latest the the, [000:00:00;00]

the the, when i 1st moved to rush, one of the most amazing things i found was the most school metro. in fact, is the very 1st phrase that i ever learned in russian was doubtful. doors are closing. so what makes this place so special? what secrets is it hiding to find out? we're going deep under the city with alexander pop off. he's a historian who studies the wonders of the moscow metro,

the whole meeting here. this is going to be an excellent adventure for me because i love the metro. so i have to ask for 48 metro stations. that's a lot of stations, but generally it's just a public transport service. it's now on the list of cultural heritage sites. what does a metro that's in use of need to do to become insight? many must go metro stations are underground. palaces when the 1st line was launched in 1975, it was like nothing else in the world at the time. the subway stations in new york, as in london with typical utilitarian transport facilities, po, meant a ferry passengers from a to b and provide you then so in a profit. but the then young soviet, russia had the and vision to showcase something. nobody else have done. it was truly an underground palace for everyone,

chrome labels and richly decorated public space flooded with light and fresh. yeah . it was accessible to all classes across gas station where we are now is a typical example of most good metro architecture. so it's an underground palace, which is what you definitely decorated with. most banks on the ceiling with extensive use of materials like mumbled in greenwich. it was the 1st station to have stainless steel on the columns, where it was the epitome of the idea behind the 1st metro line, 1st floor by which was to show the soviet metro as the best in the world. now we are quite deep underground, but still it's kind of feels light and airy. in fact, it's very well lit down here. how did you achieve this effect? i thought somebody was gonna play a cost guidelines about 40 meters on the ground. so it'd be a talk attacked and engineers had studied a deep column type subway station in new york built in the early 19 se, and re imagined it in a very creative way that are almost at it. that was the origin of my cost gas

station was designed with is the lights were at the literature at the time described lack of scale as an american style station. people. yep. that was and still is as far as i know, like i'm no new york subway architecture to speak of except a few individual stations. however, you see this incredible like listen, state and columns which we used instead of the method pillars built in other stations. that was no main seat because it required a whole lot of different mathematical model. initially, this was supposed to be a non broken single volts. and it was meant to be much higher later they began to calculate the dimensions and realize that without these thick metal strips, the ceiling would cave in like this. and they'd be a disaster. so they would the ceiling considerably. yeah, there's a metal stress. they ended up with a station that has a very slender and graceful columns. add to that the use of stainless steel on except marble flow, which was like to replace with granite problem and these beautiful most x. so i see that on these columns and arches, they have the stainless steel,

which is kind of different from the marble. why did you choose to have this type of the finish? the 1970s weren't ever of a violation. long distance flights record speeds, distances and altitudes, stainless steel, evoked images of plains and saplings is a legend about my a call scale. so i'm say the steel, the salvage from sampling, get it. but that's not true. it's just a nice mess where they give the beautiful interior request or a maintenance still needs to be polished so that stays shiny and doesn't rust on nobody's feel like you had about 10 or 15 years ago, it was decided to renovate the station and the interior was recreated to look exactly like in 1930 a tool. so i've heard of best advice stand on this corner vendor standing on that corner. and i can hear me from there is that true? we can give it a try. now we're gonna try what's sponsored by

a tough guy on metro station. it's very clear that i can hear you from all the way over there. so i understand that there are a lot of precious stones actually in the making of this itself. you've talked about it a little bit before. can you show me what are we looking at here specifically? this is old and remodel. come from and the exact name right now, but it's used in the metro a lot at the end stainless steel which we've spoken about at the cross and this red pound is made of a gym stone cold onyx. it's a very rare or a new mode deposits of it today. they've all been exhausted. when they were renovating the station, they repaired the mobil particles, and they had to go back to the old onyx mines. we stopped operations now. learn how to work with all next the gain of cobble these fine details. the floor was

completely redone. level was replaced with granite filled up with a design state exactly the same, this station as a cultural heritage side. so any work here is considered restoration. when you come to use different technology, different colors and so on, they have to be very careful and work on the architectural supervision to make sure the appearance of the station remains consistent with the original other is all it certainly beautiful. and also we have some mosaics here. what's the idea behind this? i mean, it's so intricate, there's so much to take in, talk to me when you look up. it's hard to miss now, but it's easy to just walk on by talk to me about the most ex drivable. yes, it was a genius idea for the ceiling was low with the station would look impressive. right . so the architects came up with the idea of these domains and put mosaics inside them, but the celebration balances today, nika, made sketches for them. the most acts themselves were crafted in leningrad, inserted in the doings when fully assembled. they show what the sky over the soviet

union looks like in the course of a day. what a typical day in a. so it'd be a country is like response activities, industrialization, aviation, our shooting, there's a power she would just in this one database for it was a popular, spoilt at the time of the product. it was a power issue town and nearly every pock with people to give it a try. okay, so i know that there's a lot to say, let's go and see another station showing. yep, let's go to the books gap. the . so this is incredibly fascinating. this is no,

this will both kind of station and it's incredibly beautiful. it's incense we have the stained glass panels of something that you wouldn't expect to see down here in the metro station. in fact, you expect to see stained glass windows somewhere, perhaps in a church. so if you don't mind telling me why is this so beautiful, what is this all about? it's about a well effect of people coming here. so your oldest jewel dropping duty instead with round eyes, it's true that it feels like being in an underground church. this stained glass technology was borrowed from catholic churches, which had stained glass windows. these stained glass panels were manufactured in riga by local office when you were familiar with stained glass with back in the 1950s at the property came up to the technology was virtually unknown and the rest of russia because christian orthodox churches don't have such windows and then they used old stuff, piles of glass that they, what do you think the protocol in chief design, a woman use that glass for his magnificent flux about?

because in fact, this station could have been quite different, tied to the original design cold for the use of uranium to us, which had natural fluorescence and glows green in the dark. however, the nuclear program was in full swing and the 1950s over uranium was considered a strategic was also. so they decided against allocating uranium glass for this project is that our company, the office to make do with other materials. so they decided to use stained glass with daylight lamps behind it. what is the story behind these panels specifically? well, i'm used to seeing them in churches that tell stories. i'm not used to seeing them down under ground in the metro. what is the story behind these panels pacifically and what are their meaning? the main idea behind the architectural design of the metro is to remove the feeling of being cramped in an aerospace that's 40 meters. deep on the ledge of rock over the photo command stations must be full of air and space and line. we have let me up here, we have these panels which create the illusion of windows looking into

a street the lead from behind with daylight lamps. even though they didn't think of it that way, back in the 1950s, basically, it feels like a catholic church because the techniques appliance here are the same as those used for making stained glass in churches. this panel is an abstract one. different shapes filess, but some so, and some of the panels have 5 pointed stars at the top of those have medallions depicting different peaceful professions, such as steel work, or what artist or an architect. these medallions celebrate the peaceful endeavors at the safety of the state of the victory in world war 2. as i said before, initially they wanted to you with uranium glass but weren't able to obtain that it was easy, however, to obtain gold for gilded bras on a much pump pick on. so they got hold of some gold for decorating this station and come to most guy on the central line, which is another deal of the must go metro. is this real world? i'm not sure how much of it is left,

but officially this is gilded for us. so i see something over here that i want to take a look at. do you mind walking around here and showing me what we have? let's take a look. maybe we'll see something interesting. so this is very impressive and when i saw it, it reminds me of the madonna in the sistine chapel. and tell me about this music and what are we looking at here? no, cuz i'm fucked up this moves and it looks like i'm, i don't, i was just wanting to protection. but now the version claims this woman looked like the wife of those kids who was the architect of nova slip of sky and his belief to be multiplied his wife in this mosaic canal, or provide them all. but yeah, the, that is, it may, this woman does look like the sustain ladonna who is holding a baby in her arms. this station was completed in 1952, a year before stanton's desk. and originally it was a portray to style in a buffer. no doves and the woman's figure was a little different than you. so if you had laid a cruise,

jeff folded this music to be removed possibly hated it. that much. however, metro employees just hit it behind a false will to preserve it, put in the chief designer of the station who created all of those things across panels as well as the mosaic. we did this one twice, the tweaks the fingers of the women and the baby, and remove style in space, replacing it with doves and the golden branch. everything as a story. so the moscow metro has kind of developed its own culture even, and there's even a station where they have official concerts there. talk to me a little bit how this culture has developed. the system, the years, the most, the metro with a closed organization with find it restrictive access. over the last decade, however, it has developed an increasingly tube and culture and has been hosting numerous events, performances, and exhibitions. you could call it an emerging subculture, i'd say the metro has done a tremendous amount of work in the last 15 years, also to become more open and perceptive to its passengers. it's the right thing to

do, and a highly commendable effort. i have to ask there's legends about the mile, sco metro, there's legends about anything that has such a history and culture and maybe even about ghosts or a friend somethings that rule the area. is this true and maybe have you had your self any encounters with those to the metro metro system is a huge living organism, a mechanical organism from every night, thousands of people go down these tunnels to do maintenance and repair works. so perhaps fortunately there's no room left for ghosts, but at least we have beautiful legends that we can tell to as to visit the station among others, the

a lot of man. good evening. thank you for meeting us there. i'm uh, looking forward to seeing the metro and where you can show us around and i'm pleased to meet you here. i'm going to tell you about the jump into the metro try and drive us. all right, let me pull. i me the so some of my questions might seem a little bit weird, but frankly, i don't know how a metro operates. so tell me how this works. for example. um, can you turn the train in the wrong direction and collide with another train? is that even possible here? who's con, happen in the most of the metro drains authorized by the drivers. and there's also automatic controls in place because centralized dispatches center has been set up in moscow, where traffic control operation supervisor the drivers work component to the movement alone metro training. so even if you have a go for being

a dr of files to apply the brakes and the situation collisions well because as the trains will stop automatically calculating nicer to any of the train in the wrong direction. it's not possible either. and it's gone have even due to human error because everything is or what you might say to you when i mean we're stop right now, but when we get moving a, how fast on average does this tree move? the maximum speed of the trains in the most good metro is 18 kilometers an hour speed depends on the route the ranging from $60.00 to $70.00, or even 40 kilometers per hour, but no more than an 80 kilometers power. so we know that some countries are already using driverless trading systems, but to me it seems like there has to be some situations where you need to have a driver in that position. what are your thoughts on this move? so having like a mechanized system, you may be aware that the interval between trains is the shortest and the most go a metro about 90 seconds. of course,

the pros as of introducing drive of this train operation is ongoing, but it's not like we're seeking to completely get rid of try and drive is at once. this may happen at some point in the future, but it's not the ultimate goal. so when i'm standing on the platform, i'm always scared to fall under the tracks. what happens is someone actually falls under the tracks. what do you do? what can you do? and that sort of a situation inside the chain draw that has a clear procedure of a sudden situations. if a person falls onto the truck. so the 1st thing the driver must do is stop the train it. so in gauges the emergency break, then the driver notifies the traffic control it operates at where the person is on the track and submit a request to turn off the electricity on the 3rd rail, then the drive a choice of the passenger to come down. and then the he's got to train full of people and he can open the tools to let them go just yet, because the train is not fully arrived at the platform. then he goes out of the drive, his cap days care with some technical steps and goes to inspect the track and look

for the person. from that point, there were 2 possibilities that he can remove the person from the trash themselves, or he cause the emergency technical service and the rest of the change when they arrive. they may even lift the train call up to get the person from under it. so if the driver can manage the situation himself, it's usually over in 5 to 7 minutes. if the emergency services needed on the sides, it could beat. so seo, 40 minutes, would it all depends on how bad the passenger is. quote, onto the train. the situation is can be very different. you've been doing this a long time, so you've seen a lot of changes over the years. let's say in the past 10 years, what has changed about how the metro operates in new technology and what have you for me in these last 10 years, almost everything has changed. i mean, the only contrivance of a huge number of new stations and tunnel assembled for the state of the art systems have been introduced to the monitor the driver's work and makes the jump easy. for example. and every drive is cab now has a so called and the sleep system, the model, it says the drive

a state in real time. some assign can determine whether the drive it has been distributed or both fell asleep and so on. there are systems that make the chain break when it is entering a station. suppose you drive into a station, a new files and frank. the machine will stop the train at the 1st cause don't position and it will be so smooth. the passengers will have no idea of as something is off, then why do you feel how we're breaking? now? this is the work of a human driver, but with organization it would have been just the same. so there are many systems and you online, what is the most difficult part of your job? i wouldn't say being a trained driver is difficult. i'd say it because creative as a leading and the drive is kind of, it is a level, a huge responsibility is that you're driving a training with people and it depends on you must feel it with you until i bought a, a. controlling the train is what i'm playing a musical instrument. it's not that it's difficult, is just the responsibility the you must feel more. yes, you must learn

a lot and know a lot to become a try and drive up, but it's not like is too complex. only for me, it's loading trains, a very easy to control. you can take a person with no prior training. anyone that's old and teach them how to control the training in 5 days or in a week. i mean, like controlling the train is only a small part of being a trained drive that way. more than likely as a core skill required in this job is handling nonstandard situations. ok, whatever may arise, you must be ready to solve the problem quickly and above all, safely. this is what this job is really about. and so earlier i asked if someone were to fall off the platform, what would you do? but what would i do if i fell down there from a passenger's perspective? uh yup. oh, stop by saying that you can avoid fully onto the trace. if you stay at a safe distance from the edge of the platform. when, if you don't run at the metro when you're drunk,

but if i look and see what i'm lucky enough to for on to the track senior, your actions will depend on this scenario your in. if you can already see a train approaching, you must of lie down in this between the tracks. we go ahead what, who wants to train is 100 percent safe. as the pit is deep enough to keep you safe from a moving train of them. but if you cannot see the train yet, you may turn around and go to the head of the platform where you'll see a sun with the number 8 that marks the stuff in position for the 1st call of the train. it. or you can use the digital clock. yeah. above the tunnel as your point of reference, i'm let people stay there and wait for a police officer secuity officer, just old duty station officer. that will bring you back onto the platform using a safe way to couple of people that just make sure that you don't try to climb onto the platform yourself. it's very dangerous. you may accidentally touch the 3rd row, which has

a high voltage. so you don't want to touch it. so the, so this is something new, this is different. it's not like the other stations we saw that are very intricately detailed, the ones from the past. tell me, what's the idea behind this? it still looks fantastic. but what's the idea here? what comes up, i believe we're witnessing the best of a new type of architecture in the moscow metro especially, but it's new rapid transit line called the big circle line. i'm opening up the teams of walk it take to lift on dozens of projects, which in they all used different approaches and kind of go as a result, we can now see one of a kind designs that many of the new stations you go to every single one of them is unique in its own way, and that's what matters like this station risk go about what it's an example of how fairly simple elements such

a stainless steel arches basic deal much we have seen use by the architects to create quite a remarkable interior this is no longer an underground you palace, it's a functional space which also looks great from within my view, at least a few. now we know that a lot of the lines, several of them go underneath waterways underneath some of the river. and they're very deep down to about 20 stories down in some cases. um, how do they build metro's like this? a bunch of what i do, the 1st, they dig a vertical shock of vertical tunnel that's about 17 inches deep. and then from there, they build a system of temporary underground galler. we used to reach the in and down to points of the future underground metro station. then they take the main tunnel with the help of a tunnel boring machine and finish the works with manual labor. that's what a project kinda is explosive, you know, the so called blasting method to bend. so they clear oldest space here, and it's a lot of hard work. that's true. i thought it and you're right with some of the titles with dug out under the moscow river. for example,

the negative skis that on the stations tunnel. it was also built by a t b m a. it's a tying tested, reliable technology industry standard. but of course, there's a lot of water in the process. well, about that water, i mean, we know that there are underground rivers. we know that there is ground water. how do you protect the metro from being flooded? how do you keep everyone safe? both costs the metro tile. the waterfront during construction water proofing allows a buildable. so this very shape of the tunnel of a cylinder and shows additional protection from water. it looks like an umbrella, or in fact, with water was found to run off the sides with drain system, so installed to channel it further. now we've seen a lot, there's a lot to the metro system. what is it beyond what we see the guess? so in users of the metro wouldn't even believe or wouldn't even know about the positive with the commuters to use on average, about 40 to 50 percent of everything that's being built here. what you've done see

is a lot of technical systems such as electric substations, ventilating systems drain systems, smoke exhaust system, some of the main kinds of power lines. the reason, in fact, a special tunnel build for all the power lines that surface station is concealed behind the station wall. so the metro is a very complex structure of the customers only see a pot of water because they see the interior design a board. some glimpses of the tunnels during the ride with a new metro is a complex mechanism that requires a lot of skill and precision to make it function like clockwork and be safe for transporting large numbers of people. safety measures are extremely important for you, especially fire safety. each station is equipped with a smoke exhaust system with a voice fire alarm system. the station master has a dashboard that receives a feed from c c t, v cameras and input from fire and smoke detectors. so any final has that can be identified immediately. my goal is to to ensure the safety of all passengers and

all the systems naturally take up some space inside the metro stations. even though they usually hide behind what everyone sees when they use the metro. metro is certainly a fascinating place and in the past 10 years, it's grown one and a half times in your estimation as someone who knows what do you see for the next 100 years for the must go metro queen to the philip broke up. that's an interesting question, and of course the metro will continue to grow up in a new line. some stations will be built, but i put in a 100 years teleportation technology will be invented toyota to enable faster transportation with the, with the moscow is growing today. a metro right across the city of the spike being the fastest transport option available. this can take over right now. but again, the metro system is expanding and i hope this trend will persist with that resulting in many, most ations which passengers will the precinct i know of the sounds i'm going off guard. there's always room for criticism. but moscow is getting new, beautiful stations because that's great.

the, a new crime never transitioned out of the ninety's. the kind of try out the politics of the non discontinued or the old away for the. and of course, to go see the crime that i never had a breach of trust. you come and some stability is the power all site

the the question, relief endlessly declare. they are virtuous because of their so called values. the assault on the palestinians destroys the fit of their virtues and reveals they have no values at all. you know, this is the case when they say, i believe in free speech,

but the, the analysis and what they've done. if it's that, then you can put them in. so facade, indeed. and if we would do it, assuming that the, the, to look into in a minute, the title is the dimensions of the photo i'm seen. send the most of it to the, to the the motion of the

the, in the headlines here or not, the international must go says ukraine is being used by the west to wage an open. ready or against russia, that's off the british foreign secretary said t f has the right to strike the russian targets with u. k. supplied weapons. as us already is cracked out on campus protests of rush, the country there on steps and offers scholarships to any students expelled over that support for gaza, for the nation supreme leda lashing out this behavior of the american government towards the student process has shown that righteousness of france pessimistic towards the us shelves to everyone to the us is that cold list please ro pull so