only comes at a time when your of itself is questioning its own existence, its identity, as well as its foreign policy and the wall europe is looking to establish that identity. it makes sense that slovakia, serbia hungry, many countries within the european continent are essentially trying to establish the very same thing. yes, and again, are 200 of us little kit turned into the heck now where the international court of justice is holding a hearing on the rising humanitarian crisis in does a israel is being accused of disregarding palestinian human rights and ignoring the previous court orders is right, assuming that he preaches the binding resolutions of the united nations security council. and honestly, believing from the lack of content managers by the international community that it is exempt from having to respect international know this institutionalized community has let, is allowed to engage in this genocide,

which has shopped the conscience of humanity. but also that's opening statement of promptitude has invested us to the nicholas of wisdom was the my don't say law i the representatives the force of africa took the floor and it was the professor john, do god, who made it clear that to over the course of the month the follow to the eyes. today's movie is well has nots abided by the old guy and has continued to commit genocide of games to for the scene. and people in the goal is to split up. and he says that even as the court found that put a scene is have a possible rights to be protected from acts of genocide to you for the state to that, to be actions in the of the final blow. to put the see me is that the actions are in violation of fundament, for rules of preventative in the present. members of the quote, this attack is the final blow that is intended to destroy the pulse, to noon group can gosh, what is also very important from these arguments was the rights to self defense. as

you would know, that is well. and his allies have insisted that a bomb being so i just decided because it has the right to self defense of how is the i c j and his opinions denied is well, the rights of self defense. that is such a tax for many reasons. and one comstock, but one to watch is the right to self defense and that's it justified, as well as killing of almost $40000.00 per diem is the rights of self defense does not give a state a license to use unlimited file its set. good. nothing is not self defense. so anything else can ever justify genocide, the 2nd last presentation focusing on. so that because arguments that these walking tends to eradicate from the seniors in gaza was from advocate to make a move. i told the all do that for the scene is needless words and denunciations of these walls conduct. but the immediate action, the vice chair of the international of the liquid party, the part to, to,

to which is why the prime minister belongs states that i think we need to invaded off i yesterday to go in and to get to the, the, i know i'm involved we need to go in and kill and kill and kill neither of them. know any of the, of the inside of yourselves and civilians, insights into, to, to not fight against the part of students coping prostitute a much less punished in. and that's all. so that's a cut argue that a mid a total lack of accountability as a complete international failure to protect the police. the news people from the crimes that have been committed by his wife. these law has in fact committed more violations in some instances than it did in the time leading up to the prior forces . all right, this thing with our to international up next inland visions by the

that taking it reminds me that i'm late for very important date, which means it's time to slip down to the rabbit hole and into a world of russian time pieces. this is peter off one of em, for peter's a greats. exquisite creations, showcasing luxury palaces, cascade fountains and spectacular parklands. but few people know that is also home to one of russia's oldest watch making factories. david henderson stewart has been

at the helm of his enterprise for more than a decade. so i'm going to ask him, what makes russian watch making tick the so david, i have to, i guess, to start with an esoteric question. the philosophers and scientists stay really cannot decide on what time is. one theory is the time was created by humans so that we could deal with our uncertainty. what is time to you and what are clocks to you? well times for me is one of the most important things in it was, i mean we pulled the money in the world, you cannot buy an additional seconds. and you know, each of a substrate equals in front of time. and um, you know, when you look at so the history far on says this time was acreage time was given by sky. they looked at the sun, the stars at the moon, so it came kind of for them, it came from the gods. and so time we say course, so i kind of from have the same feeling towards time as something does seem very

precious. and definitely one of the most important things started. we happen to wells assets that we have, and it was me. now when you started here, could i get the you really didn't know anything about watches. now you were pretty much an expert. um, so what makes a kit the watch stand out to tech from a technical point of view. well, i can't these much more than the watch out. i can't say is a history and i can't, the is brand that's intern sky link to russian culture russian history. and it's also the results of the an incredible new how that's is kept in under this roof, which otherwise would have disappeared. because you can always buy the machines in switzerland. but the new house is out solution incredible. these people doing incredible things with the hands, and the result is to watch without any bug fees, chip setup for next that's should always give the right time is just and that's what caused that to interact. and every single day, week, month, fee, uh uh, gives,

gives you the time is something that is quite incredible. now, um, i've heard of an acoustic signature and i've heard that a lot can't to watch, has its own unique acoustic signature. what exactly is that? and why is that kits is so unique, watches on know, just watches, move the hands, move around, the diode and watches make a sound also. and so what, she's very much like a living passings and it has a history. it's, it's, it's, it's the watch make it gives life to the, to the watch and, uh, the watch that you were and your risk measures your sure your time. mm hm. and it gives a sound and the sound is you need it because the watch is made with russian metal. mm hm. uh and uh and there which also has this in construction. so the sounds, i mean is difficult for me to describe the sound, but i noticed when you can doesn't look, it doesn't sound like the sound that the switch switch. so okay,

what about the jewels and watches? when i think of jewels, i think of something good as decorative but jewels for washer and much more important to can you talk to me a little bit about what a jewelled watch means. yeah, of course. every single which is a switch which is depression, which is comes of using the mechanical movements i have on my wrist. 24 jewels. now jewels, uh no, just beautiful gems. mm hm. jewels are also sort of a very important function. you should imagine like in, in, in the game tree there are lots of wheels with axes. and each ox rotates around his pivots, like sometimes $100000.00 times a day. and it, if it were a metal against my fault, it was very significant. you where outs isn't so at the tape of every oxy have, but you said you really again to metal doesn't wear out just all sorts of some very important function. ok, that's very cool. something that i did not know. thank you for that. very few people knew that there's lots of people think like you, it's just extra that, i mean, that's a declaration,

but it's not right. it's actually has an expensive very, very important. now, what about you, what you do here is more than business. you say that it is a can to well cultural values. in fact, i've heard it in and review that. you said that what you do here is kind of like from the boss where theater, can you explain that? what do you mean by that? i mean, everyone's things as a business system, as a business, a business is something which is aims to make money, get to so much more than not you should imagine that it gets as a fund fee that has existed for more than 300 years. it was funded by jim per piece of the great. mm hm. and it tells the stories that folds incredible achievements of the service under brushing people who the conquests of space and brushing of on god and so on. so and, and watching it still doesn't seem peopled by what she has to read the time. now the people by what she has, because the gets emotions from the watch. and the emotion comes from the mechanical movement, which is unique, which is the result of an incredible know how the story that the watch toes,

the design and all of this is, is tremendously incredible. and look to my work. she's the results of more than $8000.00 corporations. you need more than the specialists to do this. i mean, it's not, it's the purpose of all of this is not to make money out of being much, much richer. if i started to, you know, and i, to company, you winston has come to whatever. mm hm. this is about something much bigger than that's the alexander brother and coffee has been collecting time pieces for half a century and now owns more than 6000 clocks and watches from different places and fx. more than any known private collector in the world. the

how did you get started? what is collecting watches mean to you? is it about preserving history? is it about the fascination with time? what does this collection mean to you? later on? yes, i'm 64 years old. you know, you pay for some people say soviet watches a worthless and boring changing that wrong. then what we need to preserve a history which i'm trying to do. i, it doesn't feel young people have no idea about. so we had watch is, which will actually amazing on what i've been collecting is the history of watches that's out of the 1st. and then i collected and take time piece is before switching to soviet made one set there with no, it's a fascinating subject. i'm a member of the connect as club with a woman with many years ago wrote to me saying, especially to own 10 break. it watches the bucket full of soviet mass produce joan, kind of get there was, i guess question. just had no clue about soviet watches. and see with, with what i want to do is help the next generation appreciate the beauty of soviet washes, disconcerting,

really go. this history is the legacy i want to leave behind the checklist. i persisted. so you've mentioned you have more than 6000 watches. it's an impressive collection and of these thousands what are some of the most rare or as valuable that as well. so i'm assuming that the most rare and valuable ones as he is or 2 is good. in fact, these watches have zodiac signs on the dials and you said yeah, you have cancer and so on. you know, can you think the zodiac sign has its own gemstone? okay, so we've got music. this time piece is also interesting that with the, if you look at the live is, you can see it has a holographic crystal stick or is another remarkable piece. whether it's a dining was from a factory museum there with i would as well. she has a unique movement of which was never mass produced because it was destroyed, you wouldn't as soon as it was made, because the only set of what is the use of the rhetoric swatches i have to use. i guess my final question is, how much is this all work? have you ever had your entire collection appraised um, how much is it? although you that revise it?

you know, this collection is priceless them. i don't even know how much it could be was because it's so unique. but it would be a lot of money because a lot of work that has gone into this collection. and you can find such a time places today. they don't exist anymore. it was a woman who called me twice, offering me 50 millions of the collection. i would remain it's guardian, but i would no longer be the own a. it was something on the stars up for me. you know, i'm 60 full. okay. and then when i been doing this my whole life, what do i just con, sell it to anyone. it's my life. i don't want to change it back with you. i like collecting watches and you. i think i enjoy the excitement. and i'm really committed to seeing this through the should i or do you my goal is to have the biggest collection period on my side, but that's what i want. the money doesn't have the same appeal to me. i will think what i enjoy noise being able to tell people about my watches that i want people to know that our country made all these wonderful things

the, what are all these that you look for and a watchmaker. what does one need to have in order to be like an exclusive about kept the quality watchmaker. i would say the biggest quality that's a which mucus house is pushing me. um i before discovering that i guess i was a lawyer. i was a banker. i never saw so much passion in the profession as what you mean because uh for them and so much within the job is the passion of yes and for life. mm hm. and so when you're passionate about what you making, then old, you have the qualities flowing automatically, you know, precision and unable. that's, that's a videotape question. and what about you do? you cannot be a good what's, what makes a, if not pushing it about to your about to making, which is i would say that that's true all the way through. i guess. what about you

personally? what did you learn from? watch making you say that you were lawyer and a banker coming here. what have you learned about life in general? well, 1st of all, i discovered 2 things. first of all, um i discovered the world of time and things like we, we talked about, it's a bit of a value around. hm. i also discovered how, you know, we, we come from the world, the west and well to where we value, you know, people who succeed in life by being bankers and lawyers and with us. and i discovered in this funk for you how incredible, geez was, you know, when i see walkers is crossing it, people doing things with our hands. that job is so much more difficult than even being a banker. mm hm. um, to become a, a good watch make a take suitcase 5 to 6 years. and that was a huge challenge because there are new new move which making schools in rush anymore. so we, when we are young people we, we created our own wish making so,

and we, we freedom and it takes us 5 to 6 years to, to make, you know, especially south. and so i've have it for months for specs. now for, for, for, for these workforce work with their hands because they do out see some credit things the sometime pieces can be spotted on the wrists of the world's rich and mighty take constantine check in whose watch making is recognized by contest source as some of the most creative and original we can find out what's quite literally behind the face of it. the constantine, thanks for taking the time to speak with us and to show us some of your work. now, she has some sketches out here which fascinates me. i understand that before you start any project, you start with a sketch in, in a time when we have a i,

and computer enhancements. so why with a sketch? are you an analog person, per se, t session of materials, or a many watchmakers and designers who rely on modem, 3 d modeling tools? so most you said you was a i, what i want though is for my creativity to come from the how does it with me? but as if you need this direct link between my fingertips and my brain. and when i transfer my id, i'm on to a note that will canvas who might give you a call start. such a must for me. that personally, the other way is the quickest way to sketch a new watching life. so now the outside design, the ornaments are one thing, but the inside of the watches, the mechanism itself. do those change from watch to watch or time piece to time piece, or is it all the same inside? and then when we describe a watch movement, we talk about it's architecture. when we look at different buildings and they're architectural styles, we certainly see some functional elements like the foundation and the post in the ground. the was the windows and so on. a watch movement is

a very functional mechanism as well. so we have a functional elements of also meant to have aesthetic value, even though some of the pots will never be seen by anyone except to watch, make a full service or to paddle watch later as good as you're working with so many tiny parts to create the mechanism on such a small, small scale, very delicate work. how do you get such a crash midship the mathematics, correct? the parts? correct? some of them your manufacturing, your yourself, i'm sure um, how does that all work together? how do you do that here? and we're going to lose sometimes this kind of craftmanship is described as jewelry . great. in fact, some watchmakers consider with illness an insult almost to the precision you need for making jewelry is orders of magnitude lower than what's required for mechanical launches. of that has to be a question. we certainly need special measurement to instruments because to the color and says in making about depend on the precision of all measurements. we have these instruments as well as specialized machines,

which allow us to manufacture high precision, puts to a total runs of several microns or several thousands of a millimeter. now, you've said that you've made the most complex timepiece in russia. what do you mean by that? is a complexity and number of parts? is it the interest in introducing, excuse me, of movement? and what is the most complex time piece in rush side created both the most complicated table clock in russia and full of recently got the most complicated watching rush. it was well you pronounce yes. one tried to read this a number of parts in the movement. for example, the moscow computers clock has 2506 pots in the movement alone. the wristwatch i mentioned has 660 full pods and can use me. but the complexity is also determined by the number of function adult complications. so you have the number of thoughts with the number of functions that can perform the bowl. so probably the number of new inventions in the time based on the background, it's and then this a time, which is the most precious thing we have, that went into the crafting of

a mazda base. ok, now you've also created the 1st to, to be on clock or time piece in russia. what exactly is that? um, am i correct in understanding that it's helps with the accurate accuracy? what is a to be on time? takes 20 years ago, i set myself the goal of creating the 1st of a tube alone in russia, in a table clock. last on usual goal was a challenge i decided to take upon myself to create the tool below. and as a mechanism invented by dis, with what jamaica abraham lou, but again, 200 years ago, i should start with the purpose of countering the effect of gravity on the accuracy of a time piece with the laws of physics hasn't changed much over the last 200 years, so one of the key components of a time based of 10 shows its accuracy is the balance wheel. who has access must coincide with its center of mass and none of them even now in the 25th century. we can't make it exactly so therefore the job of a trouble is to average out gravitational error and provide accurate time keeping.

so i think it works well in portable time piece is and is a great solution on, you know, some of your designs are fantastic with um, extravagant ideas and thinking of the time piece that calculates the time on mars, as well as a time piece that calculates russian orthodox, easter, i guess i have to ask maybe the most obvious question. who's the clientele for this type of watch? why would someone want this type of watch? the, my role here is primarily that the finality is to give it to me. knows no limits as classic allowed, like drawing or making sculptures. and what i do is the technical out to modest me most working on extremely complicated mechanisms which calculate the distance between us and to boss full time on miles on the days of orthodoxy. stuff. obviously these have no practical sense these days in the same book. it's more of an autistic challenge for me when you're talking about mechanical watches in general. mostly today we're swamped with information and can check the time not necessarily on or risk watching, but on

a bit about the phone and so on. you could say that the mechanical watch has essentially outlived its usefulness to them because they were just so many other convenient devices that can tell you with the time that the book and so my work is primarily a creative process for me in your live a 1st we do have all right in the space program, a system that watches the show, the time on miles will eventually be used by kaufman, also a restaurant all to will set foot on the red planet and the distant or not too distant future. they'll want to know what time it is, but it's secondly, what is happening and still being used on the international space station and start using they are among the very few time paces that have been worn under a space, sued by cosmos. during space walks by to my so there are a couple of specific examples of serious practical use, give others me constituting. and let's talk about the orthodox easter time piece because i've tried to calculate it with a sasha. my editor. it's very difficult. it's incredibly complex in terms of doing that. how do you go about creating something and the mechanism for something so

complex to stick ending rules the setting, the data of orthodoxy. use the formulated in the middle of the 1st millennium hague d. it was defined as the 1st sunday following the 1st full moon of the costs of the many different algorithms for determining the data with proposed over the next 1500 years with all that, i've taken it a step further from me. i came up with my own mathematical formula based on those algorithms, which then helped me to build a mechanical watch maggio stories to create them. yes, i've done that twice. by the way, i get that once for a model with optical indication released in 2005. my 1st launch for orthodoxies to the federal. i'd like to go through a different mechanism which uses a him to indicate the right data. i'm proud to say that few watchmakers do innovative mass apart from classical mathematical calculations to help them invent new modules and the calendars. another thing that is now after say, that's the time of my research. you had 94 patents already. you're an artist,

you're an engineer, and you have to be all of these things. um, what is your next big dream project? i guess commercial. i'm happy to say that we just go down 95th maintenance will reach 100 pages and soon enough you know, at some point i began to see my work as a challenge and we're just trying to do something. nobody else is doing. and setting apparently unachievable goals, i'm not going to develop any secrets, but we do have quite a few very ambitious projects in the pipeline. you can trace this trajectory, looking at some of the previous achievements, because frank red, gold of unusual and complicated watches. some of them related to space exploration, nor other challenges, and so not very practical isn't others quite practical. see me at the moment, but not necessarily needed today or next year. that may be very handy in future years. what about your work and bring to joy and brings you pride? what? what do you like? most of you do? unlike other forms of, of watch making is very complex. it takes

a long time to create, to watch. it's true that it can be months and often years. i think a big name is the movement of this clock. yeah, it took me about 5 years to build some of my latest, a complicated wristwatch is required to get more, but most of them add to that. the inventions i've created before which went into those models skipping. sometimes you could easily say those watches with 10 years in the making to you. i think it's a lengthy process. what brings me joy as the bus of a new time base view. it's great to have a new idea. it's nice to sketch something beautiful as it was goodwin having invested several years into a timepiece, would be you see it boeing at last. so from the kinds of mechanical device that has a life of its own. and i'm at this moment, you'll overwhelmed with joy without the

kind of back to the esoteric a little bit. an american, you are british. ah, but i've heard you talk about the russian soul is important and what you do here. but i've also heard from russian says that there's no possible way that a foreigner could really fully understand. the russians also talk to me about the russian soul and the kid to watch how is it implemented? well, 1st of all, what i kind of disagree because it, when you look at the history from me, starting with the, to the great and then of to, with lots of foreigners have come to russia like a lot of so far. and this house has of significant impact in the development of frustrating over the over the over time. hm. and the russian, so from you, well, i discovered the russian sold by reading those to you in uh, in uh, when i lived in engines is to me it was kind of

a key pool with very tormented deep culture. decreased feelings. mm hm. which was very different from what i knew and things because english people and notes like us . and we are thoughts too high. the shootings and notes having you feeding senior governors expression this difficult the. it means does you know what, what, where when people feel things are usually the opposite of starts moving. mm hm. well, we are thoughts and have a to show a few things. right? so that was very different from, from, from what i knew. and i was interested invite us and it does what drifting so as to me, i mean, it goes on goes back to the staff together looking definitely etzky. i like like many, many people read and he describes very well described, jeep, complicated reference. so you've also said that watch me thing in general would be boring without russians. so what do russians and bring and what does brush it brings with the table in the realm of watching me thinking it? i'm not the one who said that's okay. this is something about this tool that is, this is set to meet every time i grew to we participate in big procedures,

horse exhibitions, engineering for example. we have all of these new john dallas and which making experts who come to me and said fine go do do exist because otherwise the world unfortunately can, would be much more boring if that. what when you switch, which is where we bring is a different construction of the movement. and i mean, i'm movements, i'm moving with the russian movement. looks like a system movement, but it's constructive countries and different key and another kind of design. um, what just tell the very differences history or school story. and so the russian watches are very different from what you find in switzerland and people in the watch making world of caution at about 4 inches. mm hm. so they're very happy that we think we bring some fresh a to, to a well, that's would be otherwise dominated by switch, which is the,

the, the, [000:00:00;00]

the, [000:00:00;00] the today we can look forward with confidence as we get involved from the most daring subjects together, build and implement ambitious plans to get the russian president hells successful economic ties with a big jang as the stars. the 2nd and final day of his state visit to china and the city of har, being also ahead of the lobby, disagrees with the government, doesn't agree with stuff in assistance to ukraine. the man who left the slovak prime minister in critical condition after an assassination attempt to oppose the government's policy of refusing to arm you frame our correspondent business,