roll and the archipelago flashes erupt. it on monday, after french law makers back the bill, which the indigenous population says will dilute their political influence. in an effort to contain the chaos, france has deployed reinforcements to secure ports and the islands and territories . main airports just saw a refill a price increase. everything is happening over there and be a one dream. i'll be the kind of people being hurt the most crucial. but what i realized is that the french have never thought about us. they talk about shedding and balance, but that's never been the case. let's go plot, but we can't go on like this. we won't get anywhere with threats, violence or our discussion that works for everyone is needed so that we can find some facility serenity and above all this piece fits to long earlier we spoke with kyla karen lo former and i knew jerry and, and bassett, or to the ussr, who said he isn't surprised with frances desire to dominate, isn't calling the at any cost a certain you things used to work. we are not surprised because this is

a tendency to one to maintain and to people on dikes. dominus, so not to any cars. unfortunately, the colonial power takes advantage of the situation which is characterized by an almost you reducible opposition between the independence east under the youngest. obviously it's easier to manipulate people when they are divided. i think that it has a new interest of baris to take accounts. the aspirations of the population, you have 2 types of reaction population is well organized with political and social political structures that meets the aspiration. each countries integrates under weeks of civil war is not to be underestimated. in this case. if the population decides to react violently, the 2nd reason is that's buying system under way of doing things by using force is that some of the policies and least can also take the initiative unreality independent. consequently, the use of force under maintainance of the states of emergency can only be temporary. you come for sale population to leave and you saw medically in the state of emergency. i think the program is to accept to get to the bottom of the issue.

so that each con, without constraints and we talk political maneuvers allowed to population to express themselves free on this issue. i think the problem that our eyes to do is to know if new kelly doing here 6 to remain interpreting of us to be a french dependence volume. any case, a friend's house and company, or even a citizen of this country wants to take their own land. and if the elections, or for end is a denies and a lawyer and fairly entrust parental, we obviously becomes out of laws will be forced to concede to stay with our team international up next. and learned visions by the the

of the that taking it reminds me that i'm late for very important date, which means it's time to slip down to the rabbit hole and into a world of russian time pieces. this is peter hoff, one of emperor peters, and greats. exquisite creations, showcasing luxury palaces, cascade fountains, and spectacular parklands. but few people know that it's also home to one of russia's oldest watch making factories. david henderson, stewart has been at the helm of his enterprise for more than a decade. but i'm going to ask him, what makes russian watch making text the so david i have to, i guess, start with an esoteric question. the philosophers and scientists stay really cannot

decide on what time is. one theory is the time was created by humans so that we could deal with our uncertainty. what is time to you and what are clocks to you? well, the time for me is one of the most important things and it was, i mean, with all the money in the world, you cannot buy an additional seconds. and you know, each of a subject equals in front of time. and um, you know, when you look at so the history far on says this time was sacred, time was given by sky. they looked at the sun, the stars at the moon. so it came kind of for them, it came from the gods. and so time we say chords. so i kind of from have the same feeling towards time is something that some very precious and definitely one of the most important thing is though we have any wealth assets that we have. and it was me. now when you started here, cuz i kept the, you really didn't know anything about watches, now you were pretty much an expert. um, so what makes a kit the watch? stand out to you tech from a technical point of view. well,

i can't say is much more than the watch out. i can't say is a history, and i can't, is branded, that's intimately linked to brussel culture russian history. and it's also the result of an incredible new how that is kept in under this roof, which otherwise would have disappeared. because you can always buy the machines in switzerland, but the new how is out. so she incredible. these people do incredible things with the hands, and the result is to watch without any bug fees chip set up for next that's should always give the right time is just and that's what caused that to interact. and every single day, week, month, fee, uh uh, gives, gives you the time. and there's something that's quite incredible. now, um, i've heard of an acoustic signature and i've heard that a lot can't to watch, has its own unique acoustic signature. what exactly is that? and why is that getting so unique? watches on know, just watches, move the hands, move around, the diode and watches make a sound also, instead of what she's very much like

a living fussing. and it has a history. it's, it's, it's in the watch make. it gives life to the, to the watch and, uh, the watch that you were on your wrist and measures your sure your time. mm hm. and it gives a sounds kind of sound as you need it because the watch has made with russian metal . mm hm. uh tons of which also has its in construction. so the sounds is difficult for me to describe the sound, but i know it's unique. it doesn't look, it doesn't sound like the sound that this with which so okay, what about the jewels and watches? when i think of jewels, i think of something that is decorative but jewels for washer and much more important to can you talk to me a little bit about what a drilled watch means? yeah, of course, every single which is which is depression, which is comes of using the mechanical movements i have on my wrist. 24 jewels. now jewels, uh no, just beautiful gems. mm hm. jewels are also sort of

a very important function. you should imagine like in, in, in the game tree and there are lots of wheels with boxes. mm hm. and, uh, each ox rotates around is pivots like sometimes a $100000.00 times a day. and uh, if it were a metal against my phone, it was very significantly where outs isn't so at the tape of every oxy have you said you really against the metal doesn't wear out just all sorts of some very important function. ok, that's very cool. something that i did not know, thank you for that. very few people knew that there's a lot of people think like you, it's just extra and that's a declaration. but it's not right. it's actually has it's expensive. very, very important. now, what about you, what you do here is more than business. you say that it is a can to well cultural values. in fact, i've heard it in interview that you said that what you do here is kind of like from the bookstore theater. can you explain that? what do you mean by that? i mean, everybody thinks it's a business, it's not

a business. a business is something which is aims to make money. a get to so much more than not you should imagine that it gets as a fund fee that has existed for more than 300 years. it was funded by jim per piece of the great. mm hm. and it tells the stories that folds incredible achievements of the service under brushing people who the conquests of space and brushing of on god, and so on. so, and, and watching it. so dozens, the few people by wishes to read the time now the people by which is because they get solutions from the watch. and the motion comes from the mechanical movement, which is unique, which is the result of an incredible know how the story that the watch toes, the design and all of this is, is tremendously incredible and look to my work. she's the results of more than $8000.00 populations. you need more than the specialists to do this. i mean, it's not, it's the purpose of all of this is not to make money out of being much,

much richer. if i started to, you know, and i see company, you winston has come to wherever this is about something much bigger than that. the alexander brought the coffee, has been collecting time pieces for half a century and now owns more than 6000 clocks and watches from different places and advocates within any known private collector in the world. the how did you get started? what does collecting watches mean to you? is it about preserving history? is it about the fascination with time? what does this collection mean to you? later on? yes, i'm 64 years old. you know, you pay for some people say, soviet watches a worth. listen, boring, changing that wrong, and we're, so we need to preserve

a history which i'm trying to do. i, it doesn't feel young people have no idea about. so we had watches, which will actually amazing on what i've been collecting is a history of watches. that's out to say 1st and every connected antique timepieces before switching to soviet made one set there with no, it's a fascinating subject. i'm a member of the connect as club with one man with a many years ago, wrote to me saying is the basis to own 10 break a watches, the bucket full of soviet mass produce junk because it was, i guess go from just said no clue about soviet watches, we like, what i want to do is help the next generation appreciate the beauty of soviet watches. concerning this history is the legacy. i want to leave behind it with payment processing. so you've mentioned, you have more than 6000 watches. it's an impressive collection and of these thousands, what are some of the most rare or the most valuable? they have family fitness and the most rare and valuable ones as he is or if it was good and that these watches have zodiac signs on the dials. and you said, yeah,

you have cancer and so on. you know, can you think the zodiac sign has its own gemstone? okay, so we've got music. this time piece is also interesting, back with the so if you look at it like this, you can see it has a holographic crystal stick. or here's another remarkable piece, whether it's a dining wash from a factory museum there with our small, she has a unique movement which was never mass produced because it was destroyed, you wouldn't as soon as it was made of 0 instead of ones. these are the rhetoric swatches. i have just the, i guess my final question is, how much is this all work? have you ever had your entire collection appraised um, how much is it? although you that revise it? you know, this collection is priceless and i don't even know how much it could be was because it's so unique. but it would be a lot of money because a lot of work that has gone into this collection. and you can find such a time places today. they don't exist anymore. it was a woman who called me twice, offering me 50 millions of the collection. i would remain it's guardian,

but i would no longer be the owner. it was unknown, started for me, you know, i'm 64. okay. and then when i been doing this my whole life, i just con, sell it to anyone who i'm sure it's my life. i don't want to change it back with. yeah. like collecting watches and you know, i think i enjoyed the excitement and i'm really committed to seeing this through the generic do you, my goal is to have the biggest collection period on my side. but that's what i want . the money doesn't have the same appeal to me. i don't think that what i enjoy noise being able to tell people about my watches. i want people to know that our country made all these wonderful things. the what are the qualities that you look for and, and watch make or what does one need to have in order to be like an exclusive about get the quality watchmaker. i would say the biggest quality that's

a which make us have is, is pushing me. um i before discovering that i guess i was a little way. i was a banker. i never saw so much passion in the profession as what you mean because uh for them, it's so much within the job is the passion of your life. mm hm. and when you're passionate about what's making, then old, you have the qualities flowing automatically, you know, precision and, and all of that. it's a really, i would say prussian. and what about you, do you can that would be a good, what's would make a if not pushing it about to your about to making, which is i would say that that's true all the way through. i guess. what about you personally? what have you learned from watching, making you say that you were lawyer in the bank or coming here? what have you learned about life in general? well, 1st of all, i discovered 2 things. first of all, um i discovered the world of time and things like we, we talked about to submit your own. mm hm. i also discovered how, you know, we,

we come from the world, the west and well to what we value, you know, people who succeed in life by being bankers and lawyers and with us. and i discovered in this funk for you how incredible jesus was. uh, you know, when i see walkers is crossing it, people doing things with their hands. the job is so much more difficult than even being a banker. mm hm. um, to become a good to watch me could take suitcase 5 to 6. yes. and that was a huge challenge because there are new normal which making schools in rush anymore . so we, when we are young people we, we create it, i really wish making so, and we, we frame them and it takes us 5 to 6 years to, to make, you know, especially something. so i've have it for months for specs. now for, for these workforce work with their hands because they do out to these incredible things. the

sometime pieces can be spotted on the risk of the world's rich and might take a constancy and try again. who's watching making is recognized to buy commerce tours as some of the most creative and original we can find out what's quite literally behind the face of it. the konstantin, thanks for taking the time to speak with us and to show us some of your work. now i see some sketches out here which fascinates me. i understand that before you start any project, you start with a sketch in, in a time when we have a i, and computer enhancements. so why with a sketch? are you an analog person, per se, session of materials? there are many watchmakers and designers who rely on modem, 3 d modeling tools. some, as you said, you was a lie. and what i want though, is for my creativity to come from the how does it with me?

but as if you need this direct link between my fingertips in my brain. when i transfer my id, i'm on to a notepad or canvas who might give you calls, but such a must for me. that personally theater, where is the quickest way to sketch a new watch and wage? so now the outside design, the ornaments are one thing, but the inside of the watches, the mechanism itself. do those change from watch to watch or time piece to time piece, or is it all the same inside? and then when we describe a watch movement, we talk about it architecture. when we look at different buildings in their architectural styles, we certainly see some functional elements like the foundation and the post and the ground, the was the windows and so on. a watch movement is a very functional mechanism as well. so we have a functional elements. i also meant to have a static value, even though some of the pots will never be seen by anyone except to watch, make a full service or have had the watch later that you're working with so many tiny parts to create the mechanism. on such a small, small scale,

very delicate work. how do you get such crash midship, the mathematics, correct? the parts? correct? some of them your manufacturing, your yourself and sure. um how does that all work together? how do you do that? here? little is sometimes this kind of craftsmanship is described as jewelry. great. in fact, some watchmakers consider with almost an insult most to the precision you need for making jewelry is orders of magnitude lower than what's required for mechanical launches of the test field question. we certainly need special measurement instruments because to do color and says in making about depend on the precision of our mission months. we have these instruments as well as specialized machines, which allow us to manufacture high position pods to a tolerance of several microns or several thousands of a millimeter. now, you've said that you've made the most complex timepiece in russia. what do you mean by that? is it complexity and number of parts? is it the interest in to intricacy, excuse me, of movement. so what is the most complex time police in rush will force miss todd

created both the most complicated table clock in russia and full recently the most complicated watch in russia as well. the past, yes, one tried to read this a number of parts in the movement. for example, the moscow computers clock has 2506 puts in the movement alone. the wristwatch i mentioned has 664 pots and things, but the complexity is also determined by the number of function adult complications . so you have the number of pods and the number of functions that can perform the bowl. so probably the number of new inventions in the time based on the background tax, and then this a time, which is the most precious thing we have, that went into the crafting of a mazda piece. okay, now you've also created the 1st to, to be on clock or time piece in russia. what exactly is that? um, am i correct in understanding that it's uh, helps with the accurate accuracy? what is it to be on time takes? 20 years ago, i set myself the goal of creating the 1st i have a tube alone in russia, in a table clock that's on usual goal was

a challenge i decided to take upon myself to create the to him alone is a mechanism invented by dis, with what jamaica abraham louis, but i gave you 200 years ago. i should start with the purpose of countering the effect of gravity on the accuracy of a time. peace with the laws of physics hasn't changed much over the last 200 years . so one of the key components of a time based of 10 shows its accuracy is the balance wheel. who has access must coincide with its center of mass and none of them even now in the 25th century. we can't make it exactly so, therefore, the job of a to belong is to average out gravitational error and provide accurate time keeping by some good works well in portable time piece is and is a great solution on, you know, some of your designs are fantastic with um extravagant ideas and thinking of the time piece that calculates the time on mars, as well as a time piece that calculates russian orthodox easter. i guess i have to ask maybe

the most obvious question of who's the clientele for this type of watch? why would someone want this type of a watch? my role here is primarily that to but not just to me knows no limits as classical out like drawing or making sculptures. and what all you do is technical out to model so many months working on extremely complicated mechanisms which calculate the distance between us and to boss full time and miles on the days of orthodoxy. stuff. obviously these have no practical sense these days in the spring book. it's more of an autistic challenge for me. and so when you're talking about mechanical watches in general, most today we're swamped with information and can check the time, not necessarily on a risk wash and put on a mobile phone and so on. you could say that the mechanical watch has essentially outlived its usefulness to them because they were just so many other convenient devices that can tell you the time that the bucket. so my work is primarily a creative process for me in your live a 1st, we do have all right in the space program, a system that watches the show, the time on miles will eventually be used by cosmonaut. so arrest her know to will

set foot on the red planet and the distant or not too distant future. they'll want to know what time it is, but it's secondly, what is happening and still being used on the international space station and stuff now are among the very few time paces that have been worn under a space, sued by cosmos, during space walks by tomorrow. so there are a couple of specific examples of serious practical use. give others. mm hm. i'm constantine. and let's talk about the orthodox easter time piece. because i've tried to calculate it with a sasha my editor. it's very difficult. it's incredibly complex in terms of doing that. how do you go about creating something and the mechanism for something so complex, sticking in data rules for setting the data of orthodoxy state well formulated in the middle of the 1st millennium hague d. it was defined as the 1st sunday following the 1st full moon off the possible many different algorithms for determining the date with her post over the next 1500

years with all that, i've taken it a step further and go from. i came up with my own mathematical formula based on those algorithms, which then helps me to build a mechanical watch maggio histories to create them. yes, i've done that twice by the way, once for a model with optical indication released in 2005. my 1st launch for orthodoxies to the federal. i'd like to go through a different mechanism which uses a hand to indicate the right data. and i'm proud to say that few watchmakers do innovative math about from classical mathematical calculations to help them invent new modules and the calendars. another thing that a now after say that the time of my research, you had 94 patterns already. you're an artist, you're an engineer, and you have to be all of these things. um, what is your next big dream project? i guess commercial. i'm happy to say that we just go down 95th maintenance. we'll reach 100 pages and soon enough, you know, at some point i began to see my work as

a challenge and we're just trying to do something. nobody else is doing and setting apparently unachievable goals. i'm not going to develop any c codes, but we do have quite a few very ambitious projects in the pipeline. you can trace this trajectory, looking at some of our previous achievements because frank red, gold of unusual and complicated watches. some of them related to space, exploration, nor other challenges and some not very practical isn't others quite practical. see me at the moment, but not necessarily needed today or next year. that may be very handy in future years. what about your work and bring to joy and brings you pride? what? what do you like? most of you do? unlike other forms of, of watch making is very complex and it takes a long time to create, to watch. it's true that it can be months and often he is a very big name, is the movement of this clock. yeah, it took me about 5 years to build some of my latest, a complicated wristwatch is required to do as a more, almost at them add to that the inventions i had created before which went into those models. you could easily say those watches with 10 years in the making states

to you. i think it's a lengthy process. what brings me joy as the bus of a new time base view. it's great to have a new idea. i mean, it's nice to sketch something beautiful as it was goodwin, having invested several years into a timepiece, would be you see a bonus last. so from the kinds of mechanical device that has a life of its own. and i'm at this moment, you'll overwhelmed with joy without the kind of back to the esoteric a little bit of an american, your british. uh, but i've heard you talked about russian soul is important and what you do here. but

i've also heard from russian says that there is no possible way that a foreigner could really fully understand. the russians also talk to me about the russian soul and the rock here to watch. how is it implemented? well, 1st of all are kind of disagree because when you look at the history from me, um starting with the to the great and then of to with lots of foreigners have come to russian like a lot of so far. and this house has a significant impact in the development to frustrate you over to over the over time . hm. and the roof and so from you. well, i discovered the russian sold by reading dusty epsky in uh, in uh, when i lived in engines is familiar with kind of, uh, people with very tormented z clicked for decrease teachings. mm hm. which was very different from what i knew and things because english people and notes like gods. and we are thoughts too high. the shootings and notes have any feeling senior governors expression this difficult the. it means does you know what, what, why when people feel things are usually the opposite of starts moving. mm hm. well,

we are thoughts and have a to show a few things. right? so that was very different from, from, from what i knew. and i was interested invite us and it does what direction. so listening, i mean, it goes on, goes back to doorsteps, get rid of nothing, definitely epsky. i like like many, many people. right. and he describes very well destroyed, jeep complication preference. so you've also said that watch meeting in general would be boring without russians. so what does russians and bring in? what does the rush it brings to the table in the realm of watching, making sure i'm not the one who said, that's okay. this is something that is to that is, this is said to me, every time i grew to we participate in big procedures, horse exhibitions, engineering, for example. we have all of these new john dallas and which making experts who come to you instead think i'll do do exist because otherwise the world unfortunately can, would be much more boring if that. what when you switch, which is what we bring is

a different construction of the movements mean movements i'm moving with russian movement looks like a system movement, but it's constructive confusion differently. and another kind of design. um, what just tell a very different his history or school story. and so, um, russian which is a very different from what you find in switzerland and people in the welsh making world of caution. it's about 4 inches. mm hm. so they're very happy that we think we bring some fresh to, to a well that's with the otherwise dominated by switch, which is the

rachel ruble in moscow. as part of his official visit to china. our russian president vladimir putin is delivering a speech on the 2nd and final day of his trip level. so then you must go in beach and have any common understanding called these past future system of international security, international politics. literally it's 1st of all, i would like to come this thing uh to get a president of here see sits in pain and the chinese leadership partners invitations for establishing these very cars. hill about very nice that most the or, or the disjoined word for that in the spirit that it was,

you go to crated for these are going to work in the talks were substances and the station. we were quite busy stuff as i said, no issues with them. and so that's that it's something just was an official state visit, but at the same time with was the business treat something that you should raise. no doubt. valves that we spend basically the entire day together and we'd presidency with his colleagues. so there was a lot of things to discounts and asked for the fact that the future defends on. ross in china, only partially is your choice. it is true because the future of mankind depends on the entire mankind. i see, and of course, russian, china are important components is also 2 days civilization. and we have our own independent constraint in how we should develop. and our development will, in fact, the development of all the other partners of our it's on the planet and the

development as we believe, should be constructive to or near them for the sake of the century. but peaceful there is no doubt about that. it should take into consideration not only our insurance, but the interests of all the participants. so to the international, i mean they go communication and the multi polar world must be strengthened. something that is just, it's the, it's going to be built right now in front of us. the world is becoming a multi polar. there is no doubt about that. everyone is perfectly aware of that. everyone understands that. but there's this, and it is important that those who have tried to preserve the monopoly on the decision making process and globally, they must understand this. and they do understand that. and it is important that while they understand that the should do everything to make these premises natural .