the, the, [000:00:00;00] the, to thousands of years, humans have been looking to the, started searching for answers here. and there's the, are the scientists continue that tradition? getting information from galaxies far far away,

and hopes that humanity might survive in the future. you're not even really. yeah, this is head of a special astrophysical observatory home to many unique telescopes, which means we're in for an interesting tour. the good. yeah. hello. hello. so this is v b t a. so tell me, what is it, how do we get an image from here? it's not like looking into a telescope at home and seeing the moon, what kind of an image can we get here? uh, big to the school. this is the launch out is a most telescope, or this is despite its size, was the way we capture images. so let's deal objects, stars, galaxies, quasars, and so on. with this tell, this scope is fundamentally the same us with a to tell the scopes, but it's been the unique feature of this instrument is out as the most mount to this quote. this telescope was on it in this regard. and so think of the was the

1st platform where initial observations took place. colloquially, we call it the gloss because it looks like a gloss. observe is used to sit the one time. nowadays, of course, everything happens automatically. an observer is no longer needed, the ends of a used to sit that would adjust the code notes, track stars, and so on. crude 0, his gratitude, now for this is really starting then if i understand correctly, you're the last person who was able to work up there. yeah. right. have to has personally for, for test. so this is my to input for 2020 is your. so this is like a time machine in many ways because the light that we're getting here now is from billions of years ago. what is the for this back that you've ever been able to capture an image here at this telescope of us? let's see. we're just need, you know, as of today we can say, yes,

i should know. what do you mean? it's indeed a time machine. you thought because it allows us to look not only fall, but it also back in time with an item. if at this telescope was repaired specifically for this purpose, besides, this is what makes it unique. here we go. this is what makes all a large telescopes, unique quantities. this telescope can look very, very far, which is an end to very, very long ago. what we mean by that, these events that happened in the universe more than 10000000000 years ago, and the couple they can also look at the distance lights has traveled more than 10000000000 years. i can say exactly right now what the maximum red ships. so we have obtained the galaxies or quizzes, but it's somewhere around 5. so that is, i don't know approximately 11 to 12000000000 years ago, and that means 12000000000 light years from here, accordingly. so that you go,

i see we have some movement here. can you tell me what's happening? like, what are we actually seeing here with this telescope? the telescope, it's going to the star and rotates on this axis for the oprah. right? so it gives to come on to a specific point in this, in the still c a and it starts to close. now it's supposedly aimed at the star. so i'm not just asked rates. there are other things that can be dangerous to us here on earth as well, such as, let's say, a pulse or a craze are close to us. um, do you worry about any of that? just any that keep you up at night and don't worry all sides and coins us very far away from us. quasars in fact, don't really exist in the present time. well, maybe some of the closest ones do the quite so as we see among the most distant objects that existed tens of billions of years ago. they show us the i, the process of galactic disk formation. these are young and 2 galaxy

nuclei emit in numerous amounts of energy. but don't worry about them. there's nothing to fear. neither passes, no coins, those, those any threats in general, all events related to the collision of large objects, such as us or the solar system. while not entirely impossible are extremely rare refund, at least for our solar system system, nothing will threaten us. we do in the hundreds of millions of billions of years. so app ask, you've been studying space your entire life. would you like to personally go up into space and be closer to the action and deducing, thinks that there might be a benefit for astronomers like yourself to be up there and closer and see things for themselves. like a good estimate. i do dream of space, but i see many interesting things to do here as well. so moreover, some things in space of fundamentally impossible to achieve. however,

i believe that in the future when space travel becomes less costly, astronomy will move to space, perhaps to the moon. we observing space from the moon would be very offensive. um there's some people who think that astronomy doesn't help us in our everyday lives, that it's just something that's going to happen in the future. what can you tell people about astronomy that uh we benefit from cohort good question here, ocean. so i get asked this question very often by visitors to the observatory. what's it like a bunch, why should we buy such a lawn summons from texas to satisfy curiosity of this? so in reality, is this what this question runs much deeper proportion. part of that perspective is very superficial and we're just why is the value that astronomy and which is uh,

culture life. mm hm. it also provides significant technological contributions to domestic and global advancements. this is in fields and technology is unrelated to astronomy. in this sense, astronomy, even if it doesn't directly feed us, is plays a role in this process, was capable of fundamental science. it's built on this principle and the note is very wrong to things because the, what we do here is detached from life an unnecessary. but we need to consider everything as a whole and all taking that logical complexes in the most highly developed countries of the world into connected and related to each other. so that is a direct practical benefit from astronomy.

the . so looking beyond our solar system, uh, we have actual plants and they exist. um. tell me about those and are you certain that we're gonna find life there? uh, yeah, boomers, i think so, but that is something that awaits us in the future. life is a stage and the evolution of the overall chemistry of the universe. it's chemical elements. from the moment of the to the aging of the universe. it becomes more and more complex. initially it was just hydrogen, then the other element as well as synthesised and so on. then came roll materials, sweep, organic substances. and finally,

life. we know that this process occurs uniformly throughout the universe. if life exist somewhere, it doesn't exist everywhere. jupiter is just a matter of finding us personally with the proof. i believe that biological life will be discovered on other planets, not civilizations, but biological life. some forms of life for signs of its existence will be discovered within our live times. funding and civilization is much more complicated as this was, the question of civilization remains open to the complexity lies not in finding the civilization was much in understanding what the civilization is. if we're talking about a civilization like ours, it's hard to imagine what that might be. this was at least i find it hard to believe it will be very similar. it could be some other brownish of life,

but we can only speculate. so the sun, as it expands 0 to will not survive this as it gets brighter. how long do we have before this happens? and uh, what can we expect to see in this process? if it is, don't worry. we still have some 5000000000 years to go without any problems . i'm gonna ask this because of the dark project, but i is in essence, astronomy. the only science is really going to help us survive in the future because we need to be ready for asteroids coming our way. know when they're coming or know how we can manipulate them? i'm sorry, no, absolutely right. astronomy and this sense has great meaningful our lives right now at this time. this has to do with asteroid astronomy as well. so i'm my main people under estimate is just recently

a couple of years ago. a massive asteroid blew up near to bins and it'd been 10 times bigger. it wouldn't be a tragedy, but it was actually quite intense. no one was killed, but windows was shunted, people wounded and so on. and we hadn't noticed it within the last hour drama as a strong in those estimates very so we use but these days we only control limits just a few percent of out of space. the rest of it is on its own. different asteroid is far away. we have plenty of time to see it. smaller was they fly and the dog was and they are dangerous. they emerge out of nowhere near. and they are easy to over look. is there a bit of a paradox? i mean, if we can change the course of an asteroid, can we be creating more problems in the future? the youngest, i don't know if there are going to be more problems,

but possibly i think what we saw recently that changing of an asteroids trajectory that's green progress really gives us. so what in the future, at some point at least this problem will be solved and will be protected, the, this is the returned $600.00. it is the size of 40 football fields and has about a 1000 mirrored elements. it was designed to capture signals from space, listening in to the conversation of the cosmos. the julia, thank you for taking us to your office as it were. appreciate the opportunity to

show us this radio telescope. what kind of signals do you catch here and what kind of information can you get from them? and also have you ever gotten any singles that you weren't able to explain? a cooker beechnut, just like a common land based telescope and have a good that rate and 600 captures non thermal synchrotron emission mostly from celeste hill bodies give an opinion. for example, the sun, the closest start to us images radio waves. and we can observe it have the most other objects are extra galactic sources or radio waves like galaxies and quasars due to this. and the signals from them that the radio telescope captures are the non thermal synchrotron radio emission of electrons just to it's called synchrotron emission because electrons move along the magnetic field lines at close to the speed of light here. that's the main type of data. that's a radio telescope captures. what we observe here are hundreds of thousands of space

subjects that emit radio ways. we receive data on their activity on their calm state and on the evolution of the synchrotron emission that originates from the central areas of galaxies and craze. ours, mostly the galaxies and quasars that we observe here. now, i understand that the sun is getting ready for and a period of extra activity. and what kind of information can you radio telescope tell us about what's to come in? what can we learn from this? an extra active period in the sun. well now that that's just something using in our daily observations, with rates and $600.00, we study solar activity in the radio frequency band payment. the key advantage of great and 600 is that it can work in multiple frequencies. we study space objects from one to 30 gigahertz and receive this data is simply unable as the nearest star,

heated to 6000 degrees kelvin. the sun is the focus of our studies. as we know, the sun is now and it's 11 years cycle of activity now, and it's a growth phase. we didn't know, but after many years, at the minimum now is set the maximum. so the key data that the rate in $600.00 retrieves and where we have massively improved is solar activity forecasting guys. number. for example, the radio frequency allows us to predict pro downstairs on the sun several days in advance. with a proton flair is a powerful outburst of solar particles with a large share of protons. for the radio frequency data retreat by rate and $600.00 allows us to predict such flares 2 or 3 days in advance of the data is fed to our observatories website, where automatic forecasts are released from the positive or negative. of course, this forecast is not 100 percent accurate,

but an 80 percent of events are flare forecasts are confirmed. so these solar flares these burst of plasma coming from the sun, very strong enough to cause disruptions and communication down here on earth. what can we learn from this? what can we do to prepare? and i mean, is humanity in for some sort of chaos because of the solar storms, can use not look, solar activity has a significant impact on humans, the atmosphere, and all communications. how good are we protect ourselves against this? here at the rate of 600, we own gather information that helps us understand what's coming. as for the measures that protect us from solar flares. well, sometimes we're told to stay at home, i'm going to get to the, to the opinion. okay. so the return 600 can capture signals from far away lasers and craze. ours. and it's incredibly interesting and important. what kind of information can we get from that? and how can it help us in the future?

i asked you was out across the laser as in quasars are different classes of active galactic nuclei. no, not. they are radio sources. the electromagnetic radiation, the med, mostly falls into the radio range. so why do we study them? it's not just for the sake of fundamental science. it's for the benefit of humanity . we all live on earth and it would be foolish not to be curious about what's out there. it's the 1st question we ask us humans. we are surrounded by colossal energy and enormous energy sources, and by studying them, we can explore alternative ways to produce energy, which is a pressing issue, given that our planets resources are limited. the on the i'm going to need to know . so this is incredibly interesting. can you show us a little bit more of your office or should i say this telescope,

the so that we know of we have not heard any signals from alien civilizations. is it because we just don't have the capabilities to do so yet, or is there nothing out there to look for? like, what do you have to be honest, i can give you a definitive answer to this question, isn't you mind? our telescope is in search for signals from extraterrestrial civilizations. let's say we focus solely on fundamental research. however, there are major applied research programs around the world that are well funded and dedicated to this task. let me put the effort being made in this direction. suggest that our technical capabilities are still far from achieving this goal. these needs skia wasn't,

wasn't us to because to the key data. so i know about the kinds of show of scale about needing much more energy in order to possibly make contact. is that a technical problem, or is that still a theory? it was all but it could be either over the electromagnetic spectrum that we know spans from radio waves to gum or raise. we can receive and process signals within this range, which is why we focus on it. modern instruments such as ground based and space observatories and to increase sensitivity to detect very weak signals. it is possible that we're searching for something that doesn't exist. we. it's also possible that the signal we're looking for is extremely same. but that is not very likely. it might be that there is no one out there for us to fine to send them. you're kind of

a scratch the so you personally do you hope to find an alien life out there? something on like a soon as you media, like everyone else on earth, the side of us being alone and the universe is frightening to me. that on the, on the other hand,

it's also scary to think that someone might be close by and could pay us a visit. somebody of course, the theory of problem bill. and he suggests that in the universe was unknown boundaries. and so that we can be the only form of life when there are most likely other life forms out there, which could be less or more advanced than us. it would be fascinating to meet and understand them. but like most people, i'm also apprehensive about it. can you do? can you snap yea, throughout the size. so space exploration kind of goes hand in hand with what you do and what you're studying. what is the next era of space exploration in your mind? what do you think is the next big step for us? are we on the edge of a new era in the space race? i believe that the next big step in space development will require a significant technological leap. of course, ground based telescopes are improving their sensitivity and angular resolution. well,

what we can do this endlessly defense. that's why space telescopes are crucial when well, there are currently many space telescope emissions, including some in our country because they allow us to be unconstrained by the atmosphere and increase sensitivity or angular resolution. when a space telescope observes simultaneously with a ground based telescope, the next step is definitely space observatories, which i think humans have not yet fully master and full name media us wouldn't kill a vehicle. now what is the one thing that you just have trouble wrapping your mind around because you're dealing with huge numbers, you're dealing with things that basically people don't understand is there was something in your mind that just really is hard to understand or grasp. i know you this is the summer, but the most important reason why we study the universe from why we study outer

space is to investigate its birth and evolution. this is the main question. we study all kinds of objects and their development can point us to the history of the universe and its growth. what does it need to, how and where is it everything originate? so what was the starting point to, to there's a theory that everything started with the big bang. what was before that? and was there a big bang at all? there are many questions with theory and observations in not a line. in order to explain was sir you what we see and observed because we need to make a lot of assumptions, adjustments, and introduce various color fissions, which we often do without explanation. our primary goal is to understand how everything happened and how everything evolved from this is the main thing astronomy seeks to answer. if i may ask, what really excites you about your job, why do you do what you do? so much,

particularly the most impressive thing about and astronomers work is that we get to do what we love professionally. mostly when we come here, we are 1st and foremost, we were free in our choices, which we can improvise. and very often it's just, we don't have to be told what to do because we are in the state of discovery. and that's exciting. now i do know as one of our colleagues said, you come here, enjoy yourself and get paid for it. it really is a pleasure, especially when you succeed. when you discover something new or confirm your hypothesis sleeps philosophy, the people forget how small and fragile our world is here on earth as call. second said, we just live on this pale blue dot. i'm working with such a big numbers and literally astronomical figures. uh, does it put things into perspective for you to be in the store? obviously if you explore what is around you and also far away,

if you broaden your horizons and to engage in any science, you also need to be a philosopher. you need on comprehensive approaches, sometimes non trivial ones the say in this regard, astronomy is no exception, but it's also global because we study very distant objects that we cannot see, sorry, wrecked we. we need to figure out how to observe them, how to improve the image and enhance the signal. and this broadens our horizons, 1st of all, but also naturally our world view. it's

a comprehensive approach. the the of the, in the year of 1954, the united states of america engaged in warfare against the people of vietnam. the

white house supported the corrupt above and governments of southern vietnam. 1965 americans began their invasion following the aim to defeat the forces of vietnamese patriots. the pentagon was confident that the victory would be on the american side, due to its military superiority. however, the vietnamese, during this war into total health for the occupants. unable to cope with a guerrillas, the american army started blanket bombing alongside using chemical weapons and naples, which burnt all alive. the village of my lay, where he 1969 american soldiers killed 504 civilians, including 210 children, became a tragic symbol of this war. all and all. during the whole period of this conflict, the usa dropped on vietnam more than $6000000.00 tons of bonds, which is 2 and a half times as much as on germany during the 2nd world war. in 1973,

the american army under the pressure of the rebels, withdrew from vietnam, and only 2 years later did the puppet regime. and so i got involved. however, the vietnamese paid a high price for their freedom. more than 1000000 in vietnamese people became the victims of america in the dressers, the when i was here position, i would suggest in belgrade i was suggesting that we send americans and the bridges on the drain and put on your bill is us have been obama mode moved on, you probably now know about seeing, but as to when you see it,

all the owners will tell you that you will see the list of classes in the middle. so these are what are normal file posts most most, most of all it does in this one is not as a guide on a source or cit, emotional run room. it may be, you know, a lot less radioactive than the something is active uranium, but still it's radioactive and has toxic to control the laptop, the cancer. so each of us here again, let's see the echo seats. the boeing good. i don't know those huge a mold were suggesting we firm fell great bill colors or what they were just the show. we're just talking to you all that technology should work for people. a robot must obey the orders given it by human beings,

except we're so shorter is that conflict with the 1st law show your mind. and just in case we should be very careful about visual intelligence. the point obviously is to create a trust rather than fit the various. i mean, with the artificial intelligence we have so many with him in the a robot must protect his phone, existence was only exist, i just don't have to shape house because the application and engagement equals the trail. when so many find themselves will to