going to zation, not as an observer, but as a full and permanent member. we also understand that the growing risk between $2.00 to $2.00 in nato is also one of the leading factors, which is why to, to is more than ever interested in joining an annoyance that it believes for benefits. the interests and concerns that uncle is posing search president are the ones that on kind of did not receive the support and solidarity that it expected from its nato allies pertaining to issues. the honors facing with respect to counter terrorism efforts, efforts, and topics that were not essentially discussed as part of a neutral summit. and the same could be, of course, applied to that of the company, ukraine and palestine. and this is what the church present had say, with that respect, the attitude of some of our western allies towards russia has only fueled the fire . this has resulted in more harm than good for ukraine. in contrast, we have engaged in dialogue with both warring parties in an effort to bring them closer to piece. the wellness center here currently faces issue has been and a long gets bored. as with respect to counterterrorism efforts,

topics that we're not even discussed during the nato summit. and this is where the contradictions of course play an important and significant role as well. because we understand that the criminal spokesperson says that there are contradictions within nato's obligations and a worldview that's been trying to, in the founding documents optic. that's the, of the seo, most importantly, of course, provides broader security as well as they can amik security. but it also combat terrorism extremism, and many topics that i'm currently interested in, which is why the eastern lines is a little bit more favorable than that of the nato alliance is used. it makes, well, that's the update. now we'll see you again with more stories at the top of the out by now the of the,

to thousands of years. humans have been looking to the, started searching for answers here. and there's the, are the scientists continue that tradition, getting information from galaxies far far away, and hopes that humanity might survive in the future. you're not even really of it is head of a special after physical observatory, home to many unique telescopes,

which means we're in for an interesting tour. the again, yeah. hello. hello. so this is v b t a. so tell me, what is it, how do we get an image from here? it's not like looking into a telescope at home and seeing the moon, what kind of an image can we get here? uh, big to school. this is the launch out is a most and telescope. this is despite its size us the way we capture images. so let's deal objects, stars, galaxies, quasars, and so on. with this telescope is fundamentally the same. us with telescopes is pad, the unique feature of this instrument is out as the most mount to this quote. this telescope was on it in this regard. and so think of the was the 1st platform where initial observations to place, colloquially, we call it the gloss because it looks like

a gloss. observe is used to sit the one time losing nowadays, of course, everything happens automatically. an observer is no longer needed. the ends of a used to sit that would adjust the code notes, tracks dogs, and so on. can you see those credits enough for this is really starting then if i understand correctly, you're the last person who was able to work up there. yeah. right. have to has personally for success. so this is my center. it for 2020 is your. so this is like a time machine in many ways because the light that we're getting here now is from billions of years ago. what is the for this back that you've ever been able to capture an image here at this telescope of us? let's see what just need to do as of today. we can say the yes, i should know it. even. it's indeed a time machine you thought because it allows us to look not only fall,

but it also back in time within that time if at this telescope was repaired specifically for this purpose, for faith, this is what makes it unique and i'll show you this is what makes all logs telescopes unique before this telescope can look very, very far, which and into very, very long ago. what we mean by that. these events that happened in the universe more than 10000000000 years ago, because they can also look at the distance line has traveled more than 10000000000 years icon say exactly right now, what the maximum red ships. so we have obtained the galaxies or quizzes. oh, but it's somewhere around 5. so that is, i don't know approximately 11 to 12000000000 years ago. and that means 12000000000 light years from here accordingly. so that you go, i see we have some movement here. can you tell me what's happening? like, what are we actually seeing here with this telescope? the telescope, it's going to the star and rotates on this axis for the oprah. right. so it gives

to come on to a specific point in this of the steel city. yeah. and it starts one pulse now is supposedly aimed at the stop. so i'm not just asked writes, there are other things that can be dangerous to us here on earth as well as such as, let's say, a pulse. our craze are close to us. um, do you worry about any of that city that keep you up at night and you don't worry all sides and coins us very far away from us. quasars in fact, she didn't really exist in the present time. well, maybe some of the closest ones to the quite so as we see among the most distant objects that existed tens of billions of years ago, they show us the i, the process of galactic disk formation. so these are a young and 2 galaxy nuclei emit in numerous amounts of energy, but don't worry about them. there's nothing to fear. neither passes, no coins,

those, those any threats in general, all events related to the collision of large objects, such as us or the solar system. while not entirely impossible are extremely rare, because we found at least for our solar system system, nothing will threaten us to do in the hundreds of millions of billions of years. so i have to ask, you've been studying space your entire life. would you like to personally go up into space and be closer to the action and reducing, thinks that there might be a benefit for astronomers like yourself to be up there and closer and see things for themselves. like a good customer, they do dream of space, but i see many interesting things to do here as well or more over some things in space. a fundamentally impossible to achieve. however, i believe that in the future when space travel becomes less costly,

astronomy will move to space, perhaps to the moon will observing space from the moon would be very offensive. um, there are some people who think that astronomy doesn't help us in our everyday lives. that it's just something that's going to happen in the future. what can you tell people about astronomy that we benefit from for good question. yeah. or can i get asked this question very often by visitors to the observatory warranty? like a bunch, why should we buy such a law and some of this from uh, texas to satisfy curiosity of this? so in reality, is this, well, this question runs much deeper. proportion. part of that perspective is very superficial. besides the fact that the astronomy and which is cultural life for me, it also provides significant technological contributions to domestic and global advancements. this is in fields and technology is unrelated to astronomy in this

sense astronomy. so even if it doesn't directly feed us new policies plays a role in this process is capable fundamental science cuz it's built on this principle. and that is very room to things because the, what we do here is detached from life of an unnecessary. but we need to consider everything as a whole and all taking that logical complexes in the most highly developed countries of the world into connected, unrelated to each other. so that is a direct practical benefit from astronomy. the

. so looking beyond our solar system, uh, we have actual planets and they exist. tell me about those and are you certain that we're gonna find life there? the uh, the other one was i think so, but that is sometimes the white stuff in the future. life is a stage and the evolution of the overall chemistry of the universe. it's chemical elements. from the moment to the, to the aging of the universe. it becomes more and more complex. initially, it was just hydrogen, then other elements was synthesized and so on. then came wrong materials, organic substances, and finally, life. we know that this process occurs uniformly throughout the universe. if life exist somewhere, it doesn't exist everywhere. jupiter is just

a matter of finding is personally with the people. i believe that biological life will be discovered on other planets, not civilizations, but biological life. some forms of life for signs of its existence will be discovered within our lifetimes. funding and civilization is much more complicated or as this was, the question of civilization remains open to the complexity lies not in finding the civilization was much in understanding what the civilization is. if we're talking about a civilization like ours, it's hard to imagine what that might be. this was at least i find it hard to believe it would be very similar. it could be some other brush of life, but we can only speculate. so the sun as it expands 0 so will not

survive this as it gets brighter. how long do we have before this happens? and uh, what can we expect to see in this process? if it is down what rate of the flip or not, we still have some 5000000000 years to go without any problems. i'm gonna ask this because of the dog project, but this is in essence, astronomy. the only science it's really going to help us survive in the future because we need to be ready for asteroids coming our way. know when they're coming or know how we can manipulate them outside of? no, absolutely right. astronomy in this sense, as great meaningful our lives right now. at this time. this has to do with asteroid astronomy as well. i mean, people under estimate is just recently a couple of years ago. a massive asteroid blew up near to bins. i didn't being 10

times bigger because it wouldn't be a tragedy. but it was actually quite intense. no one was killed, but windows was shifted. people wounded and so on. and we hadn't noticed it within the last hour drama as a strong the most estimates very. so we're just, but these days we only control as much just a few percent of out of space because the rest of it is on its own. different asteroid is far away. we have plenty of time to see it. smaller was they fly and the dog was and they are dangerous. they emerge out of nowhere near. and they are easy to over look, is there a bit of a paradox? i mean, if we can change the course of an asteroid, can we be creating more problems in the future? a genuine. i don't know if they're all going to be more problems, but possibly, i think what we saw recently that changing of an asteroid is trajectory. that's

green progress, really. it gives us some homework, but in the future, at some point at least this problem will be solved and will be protected. the . this is the return to a 600. it is the size of 40 football fields and has about a 1000 mirrored elements. it was designed to capture signals from space, listening in to the conversation of the cosmos. the julia, thank you for taking us to your office as it were, appreciate the opportunity to show us this radio telescope. what kind of signals do you catch here and what kind of information can you get from them?

and also have you ever gotten any singles that you weren't able to explain a cooker between it just like a common land based telescope? nobody's reading and 600 temperatures, non thermal synchrotron emission, mostly from celeste hill bodies giving an opinion. for example, the sun, the closest start to us images radio waves, and we can observe it have the most other objects are extra galactic sources or radio waves like galaxies and quasars due to this. and the signals from them that the radio telescope captures are the non thermal synchrotron radio emission of electronic dispute. it's called synchrotron emission because electrons move along the magnetic field lines at close to the speed of light here. that's the main type of data. that's a radio telescope captures. what we observe here are hundreds of thousands of space objects that emit radio ways. we receive data on their activity on their calm state

and on the evolution of the synchrotron emission. so that originates from the central areas of galaxies and quasars, mostly of the galaxies and quays are as that we observe here. now, i understand that the sun is getting ready for and a period of extra activity. and what kind of information can you radio telescope tell us about what's to come in? what can we learn from this an extra active period in the sun? well know that that's just using in our daily observations, with rates and 600. we study solar activity in the radio frequency band payment. the key advantage of great and 600 is that it can work in multiple frequencies because we study space objects from one to 30 gigahertz and receive this data is simply unable, as the nearest star, heated to 6000 degrees calvin, the sun is the focus of our studies, as we know, the sun is now and it's 11 year cycle of activity now, and it's

a growth phase. we didn't know, but after many years at the minimum now is that the maximum that you with with us? so the key data that rate in $600.00 retrieves and where we have massively improved is solar activity forecasting number. for example, the radio frequency. it allows us to predict pro, downstairs on the sun several days in advance. with a proton flair is a powerful outburst of solar particles with a large share of protons. for the radio frequency data retreat by rate and $600.00 allows us to predict such flares. 2 or 3 days in advance of the data is fed to our observatories website, where automatic forecasts are released in the positive or negative. of course, this forecast is not 100 percent accurate, but an 80 percent of events are flare forecasts are confirmed. so these solar flares, these burst of plasma coming from the sun, very strong enough to cause disruptions and communication down here on earth. what

can we learn from this? what can we do to prepare? and i mean, is humanity in for some sort of chaos because of the solar storms can use not a little solar activity has a significant impact on humans, the atmosphere, and all communications. how could we protect ourselves against this? here at the rate of $600.00, we only gather information that helps us understand what's coming. as for the majors that protect us from solar flares, well, sometimes we're told to stay at home, i'm going to get to the, to the premium. okay, so the return 600 can capture signals from far away, blazers and craze. ours. and it's incredibly interesting and important. what kind of information can we get from that? and how can it help us in the future? i asked you was out across the laser as in quasars are different classes of active galactic nuclei. no, not. they are radio sources. the electromagnetic radiation,

the med, mostly falls into the radio range. so why do we study them? it's not just for the sake of fundamental science, it's for the benefit of humanity. we all live on earth and it would be foolish not to be curious about what's out there. it's the 1st question we ask us humans. we are surrounded by colossal energy and enormous energy sources, and by studying them, we can explore alternative ways to produce energy, which is a pressing issue, given that our planets resources are limited on younger in each box. so this is incredibly interesting. can you show us a little bit more of your office or should i say this telescope the

so that we know us, we have not heard any signals from alien civilizations. is it because we just don't have the capabilities to do so yet, or is there nothing out there to look for? like what do you have on to be honest, i can give you a definitive answer to this question, isn't you mind? our telescope doesn't search for signals from extra terrestrial civilizations. so we focus solely on fundamental research that means on. however, there are major applied research programs around the world that are well funded and dedicated to this task. let me put the effort to being made in this direction suggest that our technical capabilities are so far from achieving this goal. the speed skier wasn't more than this too because of the leaky they at the law. so uh, i know about the kinds of show of scale about needing much more energy in order to

possibly make contact. is that a technical problem or is that still a theory? it was all, but it could be either over the electromagnetic spectrum that we know spans from radio waves to gum or raise. we can receive and process signals within this range, which is why we focus on it. modern instruments such as ground based and space observatories and to increase sensitivity to detect very weak signals. it is possible that we're searching for something that doesn't exist we. it's also possible that the signal we're looking for is extremely faint. but that is not very likely. it might be that there is no one out there for us to fine to send them. you can always scratch the

. so you personally, do you hope to find a alien life out there? something on the go see do do is you media like everyone else honors the sort of us being alone and the universe is frightening to me, that on the, on the other hand, it's also scary to think that someone might be close by and could pay us a visit somebody of course,

the theory of probably ability suggests that in the universe with unknown boundaries and so that we can be the only form of life when there are most likely other life forms out there, which could be less or more advanced than us. it would be fascinating to meet and understand them. but like most people, i'm also apprehensive about it. can you do? can you snap yea, throughout the size. so space exploration kind of goes hand in hand with what you do and what you're studying. what is the next era of space exploration in your mind? what do you think is the next big step for us? are we on the edge of a new era in the space race? i believe that the next big step in space development will require a significant technological leap. of course, ground based telescopes are improving their sensitivity and angular resolution. what we can do this endlessly difference. that's why space telescopes are crucial. know when you will. there are currently many space telescope missions including

some in our country because they allow us to be unconstrained by the atmosphere and increase sensitivity or angular resolution. when a space telescope observes simultaneously with a ground based telescope. the next step is definitely space observatories, which i think humans have not yet fully mastered and full, they need a sword shall come. now, what is the one thing that you just have trouble wrapping your mind around because you're dealing with a huge numbers. you're dealing with things that basically people don't understand is there was something in your mind that just really is hard to understand or grasp . i know you this is the summer, but the most important reason why we study the universe, why we study outer space is to investigate its birth and evolution. this is the main question. we study all kinds of objects and their development can point us to

the history of the universe and its growth. what does it need to, how and where is it everything originate? what was the starting point to which there's a theory that everything started with the big bang? what, what was before that? and was there a big bang at all? there are many questions with theory and observations and not a line. in order to explain was sir you what we see and observe. we need to make a lot of assumptions, adjustments, and introduce various color fissions, which we often do without explanation. our primary goal is to understand how everything happened and how everything evolved from this is the main thing astronomy seeks to answer. so if i may ask, what really excites you about your job, why do you do what you do? summer's, particularly the most impressive thing about and astronomers work is that we get to do what we love professionally. mostly when we come here, we are 1st and foremost,

we are free in our choices. we can improvise and very often just we don't have to be told what to do because we are in the state of discovery. and that's exciting. now i do as one of our colleagues said, you come here, enjoy yourself and get paid for it. it really is a pleasure, especially when you succeed, when you discover something new, or confirm your hypothesis or sleep well as the people forget how small in front of our world is here on earth. as carl sagan said, we just live on this pale blue dot. i'm working with such a big numbers and literally astronomical figures. does it put things into perspective for you, a cd in the store? obviously if you explore what is around you and also far away, if you broaden your horizons and to engage in any science, you also need to be a philosopher. you need a comprehensive approaches, sometimes non trivial ones,

the se, in this regard. astronomy is no exception, but it's also global because we study very distant objects that we cannot see directly. but if we need to figure out how to observe them, how to improve the image and enhance the signal. and this broadens our horizons, 1st of all, but also naturally our world view. it's a comprehensive approach. the

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and the bridges on the drain and put on your bill. is us on obama move down, you probably now know about seeing, but as to when you see it, all the owners will tell you that you will see the list of classes. you know, the middle of it is what i normally file a possibility. and this was always does, when this one is not as a guide, you know, so or sit emotional around noon and baby, you know, a lot less radioactive and then something is active uranium, but still it's radioactive. it has talks instead of taking care of the laptop. you want me to go and see. so here's the ceiling. again. let's see the echo seats. the boeing good. i don't know those image mold were suggesting we. pharma fell great. but bill collars, what day was the

each man on the african countries and you'll see people supporting voting. what kind of intellect to process is behind is kind of are active to be are stopped if somebody is crying foul less. moscow plays the blog in africa, and he says, people on the continental needs to be quote reprogrammed the if we take it for granted from the indian side towards america, outside of to defend some titles. trying to help this relationship ahead. washington settings, it makes message saying it's ready for a defensive bye to keep its relations with india off the bottom minutes to avoiding warm and res without loving to put in in moscow every day we felt fear

in the face, the threat.