in fact, the most of my career, i've spent positioning in deal because i worked with foreign bags. and a lot of my work was trying to bring capital into the, to hello and welcome. my name is i know from kids make them to my show in the dublin and uncertain world of today. the focus now more than ever is on india bought a guess today is the former country head of at sbc in the next president of the federation of in chambers of commerce and industry may not allow kid. why isn't indian banker chartered accountants and business executive? she was not only the 1st indian woman to get an m, b, a from harvard business school, but also the 1st one to lead a foreign bank in india. and she has served on various boards and has been involved in the numerous role as an advisor for the indian government, including prime ministers, trade and industry council,

and 2013. she was awarded the pod, measuring one of india's highest civilian honors for her contributions to train and industry. and nina is a strong advocate for ginger diversity in the workplace and is deeply involved in philanthropic activities, particularly in the fields of health care and sanitation. coming in a lot of good time to incident on it to be here with here today. no, i'm so happy. i'm so happy that you have come. you come from a legacy family. what was it like growing up? well, i would love to say that i was fortunate to have of a progressive parents of father and mother who delighted in the achievements of mine and my sister who went on tools to become india is needing golfer and his students. one of them is needing a coaches in gauze and that are janell warranty. and in my case, my sort of tragic g much more into the finance of my father was the you of an

insurance company. so she took the golfing gmc, was an absolute because fanatic, and i took his financial jeans. oh, and i think the listen for a lot of us is how important father is in the she. the thing of us goes as we go up itself and just lift mothers, it's left to y to families because the funds are busy as they're working. but i put together a book i knew from cold turkey, women and paul. okay. their voice has their stories and almost with one voice. every one of these women achieved was the biggest influence in their life. was their fathers. and what was the strict in his teachings annoyingly to you, or was he affectionate to loving? how is it a man of great integrity, very busy, affectionate, but not physically, demonstrably solved boy of his day for me. and though i had a lot of influences the that was a not continued in nature. so,

so at every stage of my career, particularly, i wanted to go off to do and then be at the harvard business school of uncle william detractors and sort of tried to influence my mother into, you know, she's just 22 years old. and i'm going to send her off to the us, you know, she's never come back a, she get married to a foreigner, know, and it has all of this nonsense. and i, luckily, luckily i had a father who understood my aspirations for myself and the mother who didn't let any of this get in the week. and the good part of it is because i had all these needs here. it's kind of how it was going to be a waste of money and time that so i was out to prove them wrong to do it wrong. so it's head sometimes to have those negative influence for us because they can become big positives in life. and you're the 1st one to go to harvard business school. how is it being in, in women in less than 1982. huh. well, you know, i didn't go there knowing i was the 1st step one month into the school having started i was someone to the office and i thought, oh my god,

those men exactly. okay. i don't know what have i done and they was, they gave me a little check and they said you were the 1st indian woman and you know, the business school is amazing. so, so that's how i lot about it. when i was there in the eighty's. so this was 90, need to reach it to it was very little news in india and for the email there was no television in those days. you relied on newspapers. the only reporting on india was about family members in floods and poverty. and we have a scene as a nation to sneak thomas and effects on not for what we are going to do. so a lot of energy and time on my part, you mentioned to educating my classmates in to what we are about and the to jesus that they used to be taught at the harvard business school. and the 2 and a half cases that they had at the time. where is this, how colquitt struck todo? india and ibm had to leave and deal in the days when we worked because with the cetera directions to fire change,

regulation act with indian companies were foreign companies were not allowed to hold more than 40 percent. so it was a very negative treatment and understanding of india, even at the business school today, that same business school has a research center in, in do and what's new cases. and some of the important clauses happened on indian cases. i mean, most of my career i've spent positioning in deal because i worked with foreign bank and a lot of our workforce trying to bring capital into india. and it used to be in a post story trying to sell the india story, you know, 2515 years ago. what do you think the perception changed? because if you can get to new york, they're becoming more educated about a deal with both. but most certainly the latter to the left to, to and read to became a lot of quite unfinished. the 200. i'm just happy to get to the the, the big change in 1992. i mean in the opened up yes. and with that opening came

a marketing of in deal abroad, the desire to bring capitalist into india, both in terms of what we call for an institutional investors into our capital markets. but only for the foreign direct investment companies being actually invited to come in. and with that change, i think we've been able to ensure that those that have come has made good money, have stayed hill. we have some of the most successful multinational companies. i knew it was the same companies. i'm not me, this kind of money in china. we look at the success stories and companies like geneva, or in india, in the san deavers and the scale of the indian operation, which is, you know, using the a quarter of what's needed globally. or even banks like i worked with a, with india. i was amongst the top 5 even when i will see you of the bank, the top 5 and the h as me see system in terms of profit and performance. i'm equally to do, you know, maybe rising to be amongst the top treat. so the subsidiary is that are in deal in

successful m, n c's, a very important subsidiaries of the multinational companies and the success stories. that's what's my others who see what it is they can do it. so can we, right? and so we can get more and more the excitement to come in and invest in our story. and right now in gears on the road, i mean, there is no, nobody wants to be left behind, excuse me, to be a really beautiful point in all history. which the muskrat with both hands. i totally agree with you. but you went into banking house, chauvinistic, was the enlightenment when you started. well, you know, i, i have to see that i've gone seen that i was discriminated. ok in any way. i think the because school degree helped me because it was sort of a top of great ability. of course, i was also fortunate to be working in investment banking. me where you kind of sink or swim based on the data to do it's very obvious for succeed what he told me. so

it was hard for bosses to dispute me. what you had done because it was your dean and nobody else could you hear me came credit for it? so i think for these factors helped me if at all there was sort of strain which was much more of an india in the corporate world. it was a hierarchy to me and that tends to go more to age. so if you'd be young, was creating more of a challenge and trying to move it into what was a better dr. see, to get rewarded for which one did not for the age, which explains him, the company was fuzzy. more of a challenge than know the gender thing. so what was your driving force? what was it that does make you go for it? i just felt every time i met other people and who was successful in good, i did with many less seem to know me. and i would often think then if he or she would do it in prison more he's been, she's been why not i. what does it take me to be that the big driving force of

course often was denise, is the people who would say, oh, i mean, you know, she's human. so she's a lightweight or the own codes and had said in the past that education is ways for him and she, in time she is getting married. and so it's the niece is at every stage that i guess have an order to be competitive. i paid a lot of sports out of the out there to it shows your favorite is good, but i, i paid basketball for the school for the said i played badminton for the school in state. uh so, yeah. so primarily those 2 games, but then monday i gave them up soon after college. oh, but the competitiveness of knowing what it seems like doing and lose stayed with me . and i think that drove it to that. it was always a little bit of i can get the if i want to, if i will cod. and there was always encouragement at the home front to help me drive my says, into directions that i felt really important for me to all, to do,

dealing with feelings in the early stages of your life. very bad, very bad thing, because you feel as juvenile, you're very insecure and unsure of your says as a young person, you may not show it, but you just start and video feels like this is the collapse. this is doing, steve, and i think is a woman's, i always felt i was a bit of a vision and bullied that there was people are, they were just waiting for me to feed maybe towards, you know, i mean, the mention the bank. so your friends that you sort of let down on a home and kind of not just just says i'm that put a hell of a lot of stream on one. so i see if i hadn't had that i might have had more fun than i had the pleasure to seriously in the prospect. but uh, i think at the end of the, the lunch at the, again, my father was a big thoughts with an influence to really help me understand that celia was always

the listen going forward of it. it was only a feeling yes, i didn't know. and what the lesson was, and some of the most interesting turning points in like 3 of a points with which look like, feel like when i look back actually shaped, which was a very important mix still dictates for myself. how does the banking and cooperate in this evening get changed over the past few decades of how i go about. i mean, when i entered the industry, we made our fortunes on federal guidelines, which was companies that in your team, they shares and into and going out today. it's absolutely the way we want companies to come into india. when i started my career, we did not have to stock exchanges. the bone boost stokes change was refusing to change with the times to improve us had issues the ideal of setting up a new stock exchange. an entry so the in this seat yes. come up because we just

could not get the order to change to the end if it came in. and so we took them on based off the exchange in that for the moment. so because changed changed. we had stocks, shares, certificates, which will buy it up invoice, you put in, move for myers because of the people that to which has been the whole stock exchange corporation of india. maybe had every certificate had to actually move in to just visit with mode. and we had a lot of scans as a result, you know, the duplicate certificates floating around with it was so much that was different. but we were able to bring a lot of change of views with the difficulty that we've been doing for 100 cause and to the, you know, the 1000 towards us from an l. i see it show that market has already absorbed. so the scale of what we are able to absorb to be an adult with

a name deal because people like you and me of putting money into the stock market and putting it into mutual funds. and these funds now buying these shares, right? which otherwise we used to wait for foreign capital to buy. i remember when we were looking to do a 100 deal bund, 4 lines in the seas when i was at morgan sandy and nor the farm, had done this in india. and we struggled to make sure that it could get off the ground and when the reliance could really do it, and it did, but from day to maybe up to date in terms of the debt insurance that's happening in the markets. so it's not just in a quick story for us, we need to do more. but the success of our capital markets, the scales on banks and i, c, i, c, h, e, a, c, v is banks today and did not exist as banks, right? when i started my career, i see i see i was a project finance institution. immediately put the money in which bank due to in

terms of equity. yeah. you know, because i work for a bank, we didn't invest in stock. so my principal of this was no conflict, so i only have invested in mutual funds. i didn't cheat on this stuff. markets and what do you think are the advantages of india as an insect that today? the advantages of, i think the biggest advantages derives from the high savings rates and the lot punchy. but also from the fact that we now have work and us launch bags. and this is particularly true of the private sector banks, the strength of the i, c. c, as each day of c's actually is particularly hundreds. these banks coming to the system. also the scale of a state bank, the window at the public sector backs. uh, if at all i have some of his vision and seeing that it is absolutely the id, the banking system. it is that we have to 3 quarters of a banking system is with public sector banks. and i would certainly like to see

some of that shareholders do that sort of dilute down either from what was being promised, some privatization or to the group of the private sector doesn't have to meet some shrinkage on one side. can be 2 growth and the other so that we get a little more balance into the system. but so this, this principle of bags today, the noun, not performing assets for the in fairly good shape. so next question is very important for me personally. what should indians invest in today to be digital model? yeah, i think it's an investment in new uh, goes, it's not about investing abroad. and these, fortunately limited money, but in that school abroad, i think for each of us it is uh uh, at $1.00 level. of course, if i can go away from financial markets, it's education, it's culture, it's, uh, it's everything that is the south side of india, which actually is football foot in a global context. i mean, it is not for bollywood. and before we even known for anything,

we were doing the financial mulkins quite honestly. yeah. i mean, even in china and russia, you name these countries in india was known for the film was it was making oh for odd for that. it was not becoming a soft wow. means we were known that oh yeah, for them i liked the snake. john was a 1000000 and they thought they didn't send him. i is only about dancing that on the trees and things like that. yeah, it is. and before the good excited them about in dallas it's poverty and cinema. yeah. it's uh, you know, it's the exact word and it says something like the use of to do 3 isn't. yeah. yeah, i'm doing the classics. they what amazing but yeah i, i feel that the send them off and they present it outside should be send them up in the afternoon. yeah. i'll prove, i've got to tell them that it's coming through it. is it, does it seem yes, a lot more thoughtful and it's so important because it is a fortune of what india is today. yeah. and i think if we can continue to invest in all of it, the question was what you would find the item, invest into

w h tomorrow. yeah. so i think we have the state. okay. so even though it was the land in short supply and just the sure special population, but we have to have, i think about in sports. and so the idea would be, you know, maybe a toad in your industry to put in ditch instruments. i put in the equity and a little bit and maybe the commodity markets like for that citrus. so you end up with this balance portfolio and i would say it best to do it for mutual funds. and that's what's really happening. people are investing to fix and that volume money is helping in do because even when do with capital went out, this is the flows time in history. that wind blew this capital markets reacted with money leaving in deal. we did not see our stuff markets did because we had enough of domestic savings coming through these slips and the buying that is happening

into our mutual funds. so our mutual funds through the gap before it and as an opportunity to buy a share prices fit. and this is what we call in the mature market. it's domestic saving, domestic money, which is fair, has been profile pa markets. we have not over dependence on foreign capital it, you know, how much is the role of the government and doing that. i would like to say it's really, there's a lot of companies that companies have to do with a system of markets to go up and government can shout from the rooftops, but in my company's going to where it's no markets won't go up, but the government creates an ecosystem for the companies to do it. right? the government has to create an ego system where it's regulations don't keep jumping and changing, which makes it hard for the one and the corporate sector to people, but also for investors to have to understand the tax and the payments. and we did a lot of shopping and changing which put all foreign capital because they just put an understand tax the on the point. and there was too much litigation, their own tax, which means

a lot of funding capital unhappy. and we do have some dependency on private equity, which is money that comes in in large chunks into our companies, and then going to need for an institutional investors investing here. and we have to say good bye to the james. like for the phone at the kind of tax mess we got us headed into with retrospective taxation and the hardware reputation we created for us is with the practice we could come in with rich retrospective tax. so visa, hard lessons and lessons been known by us and which i'm sure we've been non compete as in do some government rules. it has to be about fan is a just is a quick resolution of problems lending a hill to things that are not so happening. being able to solve for that uh, making sure that they play a very fast system that we don't create an on even playing fields full in favor of

some use of the others. and so they knew that corporate just do what they do best, which is the run they companies, they make sure that they create with the make sure that they're good community spirited corporate. and if they don't do it right here, one of them, oh, you make sure that they get, find them he gets to, to. and there in the justice system has to payable. so what government invested in our institutions, which would be the strength of in get tomorrow, one. so how important is the corporate is social responsibility initiative? the csr. so it's very important. i think when csr 1st came in that to be taught who, how did it come in? just as human as legislation of having said that, there was a village tradition among indian companies in giving us like does ballade that they have for very long, even without regulation. you know, being give us into society. what did change was when became a regular nation,

that those that weren't in there had to know thoughts with 2 percent of their profits into areas that were important in terms of community and community development. i think it gave a whole new focus to the big companies sold themselves. and many companies initially just throw checks to enjoy, then they began to feel to be shipped to more. so the engagement of companies in actually monitoring and working down at the grass roots began to change. and in fact, one of the areas i'm working in now, which is inside edition with the ministry of drinking water and sanitation so that you can just send additional coordination, which is an engineer which i started. and what we're doing big is, with the corporate sector of going in and adopting models, images down at the grassroots where the government has said, we don't need your money. if the corporate, we don't need to money,

we have enough money sitting in the system to help these villages become model villages. the ones you're in the corporate sector to adult. these villages to make sure that we can take all the boxes of what goes into a model village, and then you can just make sure the execution happens. we've had the 1st 10 culprits come forward in this program. they've adopted these villages to make sure that they become one of the villages and the next phase of the program. we have another 54 parents coming in saying, hey, we like the success of what you've seen. this is a top public private partnership. we would love to be a ruin to hasn't come and spend some money incentive station in war $2.00, in the villages, it'd be bulkhead or the village is the sound of factories or the villages that have both been to us. and so it's a national program. and i think this is what we want, that every citizen and re corporate takes the responsibility to make sure that money that needs to be spent in particular ways and then money that's sitting there

and on getting spend, get spent. so tell us about the invest in addition coalition and the impact it has had. so my work is really sanitation for to it impacts women in a very big way as you can imagine, what day is such and so forth, a subject for women. but the area we look at is really more to do with the bringing what was initially this like product emissions program. and i started and decided to discipline this in just 6 months before the prime minister announced the switch part of the machine. so just to look at, we moved from behavior change and toilet building inventory. let's make sure people use them. you get them to make the toilets. but now it's a lot about treatment that what goes into the, to and it needs to be treated otherwise goes right back into the feed, a ride back into our water bodies right back into our rivers untreated. and it's the same mess. mice will let people who missed the gulf in the 1st place. yes. for the treatment side of it is very important in the government of the huge program on

that too. and the mommy's on the along the gun. geez. but also at each village level how, how the seat debrief comes from the door and how do we recover water? how much is called the rece. fortunately, company program at no cost increase management. i mean the last, the, every way it's all sort of as thoughts. it's something that if we can, donal, it can be viewed, it can be used for fewer, it can be used for recycling. it can be used in methods which we have get to discover. but what do we do, or we checked it and we way rather than collected in a way that they can be used. so this journey for and it wouldn't be a very important one on how the cover at the site and waste everything with it switch, whether it's water, whether it's plastic, so that we can really have a clean, hygienic, in deal. one way beyond fully sick all the time, i mean women benefit in particular because it via the caregivers. the other ones

left to stay at home, low cost at $600.00 and the other ones have to fetch water for miles. and at the end of the day, just of the proud of the nation, we have because it would be a keen and green in do so. apart from your father who has been, you're older models are mentors or if i may ask you what so many. so many because to life one doesn't just learn from one person. yes. if every person one comes in contact with, i mean i learned from my executive assistant who at the height of the rides and bomb b and b will only being advised not to come to office and, and i was in the senior road. i don't have to walk off the we go to office to find that my executive assistant today and should come from bend of for, you know, november all the way down to the 4 to ill. uh and leaving a tier to a child with a neighbor and i was like, what on earth are you doing help?

but do you need the chief search? was he? i thought you would be here and you would need me. i mean i was like this. she had every excuse not to come, which is here and people like huh. but i think it's an individual who brings all that like d. o the no, i think people just bear with me a little. i'm sure i'm sure that, but i don't think it's when we chatted, but she had the hardwood boss. she would have not done that. i would like to pay the heart of the motion. we have color to fill that side but but so what insurance? and then i was like, you might think twice about what am i trying to do coming to office? i mean, i came and checked bad. i came with my think good. so if i have to run back home, i'm going to get back up and wondering why i'm doing this. i mean, look at the lesson, she said, so i think we did lessons every day from so lots of the p d would save all. and your goal is, you know, and you see and you come back with the such importance of thoughts of what you want

to me. so yeah, i think mentors of many, many have entered into the thinking that a lot of good. right. thank you so much and thank you for watching and joining me next week for another dripping conversation and let's go to the product almost the the, the or the

the they are probably her my little store. okay. the model girl to i got you. no problem seem to them out of the know nothing 30 minutes us out in the drive i showed my brother through he was cited to help people for a lo so now i never looked at searches as being saved. well i guess i lost my list. that's the outcome of chicago police. it'd be gang chicago is like you get for the police, you lose. take your life as another crap thing. another i could have been a doctor, a nurse could have been the next president, which i keep losing people out here. the

center for sponsor, for smaller piece to commit to that the combined the percentage soon i made a return. you just have to read it just that it would be due to the same. yeah. cbs criteria to that you sent me a lift storm was this thing to do to be looked into. you need to move in could keep the private and the will things to wouldn't even the name and the dock because after i knew i was mostly to prose media, say doing this stuff. the one you upside with me. at least the persistence. but some of those related to the 50 scale, you put the blood pressure on the part of the plane was used at the point in the religious you believe the patrol thing and that's a key to, to, to be less. most is to look at the result of putting a to the customer for the adults told the new government before this comes to godaddy the guy and then because he's good, but often doesn't display a version of the charlotte, what zip capacitance, you're not seeing the rest of the position give you this much less the police agreement without leaving your speech therapist is continue at the

the, the time action or time. so you're welcome back to going underground, broadcasting all around the world from the u. a. today a few years ago, german nazis after a peace treaty and then we'll declaration for britain. again, the vocation and mass murder of quarter of a 1000000 jews from the warsaw ghetto on holocaust trains to treblinka in gaza. today if you accept the estimates of the medical journal, the alonzo, that's the number of palestinians killed by u. k. u. s. u weapons maybe proportionately like wiping out 5 and a half 1000000, mostly women and children in britain or 27000000. mostly women and children in the usa 1000000.