but was refused, and so began the second opium war, which lasted from 1856 to 1860 and also ended with the defeat of the chinese. the anglo-french army destroyed the city of canton and already threatened beijing, forcing it to sign surrender on extremely unfavorable terms. in october 1860, the treaties of beijing were signed. in accordance with them, china had to pay substantial indemnities, open the port of tianjin to trade with foreigners, and allow its population to be used to work in the colonies of france and great britain. on the edge in the 19th and 2nd centuries, there were about 15 million drug addicts in china, and the drug business itself flourished until 1949, when the communists led by smau took over it. yes, us-china

relations are saturated with the breath of the past. we do not encourage you to draw lessons from history; nothing is literally repeated. but one thing is worth remembering: the detente of past decades, no matter what they were called, ended with new aggravations, sometimes very serious. maybe china and the united states will be able to avoid this spiral, but why would they? time spent with family. priceless, you can do sports or creativity together, or you can all take part in a competition together, it’s a family affair for us and win great prizes, details on etosemaya.rf.

let's translate from clerical to understandable, everything is not so scary if there are instructions.

hello, i am boris sakimov, and i am oleg skepanov, and we, the creators of the russia 2062 project, the headquarters of free thought. together with experts, we are discussing how we can develop the russia of the future in the next 40 years. see you in the future.

at the pike's command, at the pike's command, at according to my desire, according to my desire, i want to, well , see the city, then go ahead, i want winter to become summer, it works out, i want to marry the tsar’s daughter, let me do it. i just warmed up, my daughter, at the behest of the pike.

in palestine. the war continues to rage. talk about a possible settlement and a future structure is beginning to be heard, but so far very timidly. it seems no one takes diplomacy seriously, not yet. will her time come? let's ask about this from one of the most eminent

respected egyptian diplomats, ramzi ramzi, over a forty-year career, wherever and with whomever he has worked, the most recent area is the syrian settlement. mr. ramse, the services of mediators are now not part of the conflict, no matter what the conflict, the participants do not expect help from the outside, it is that the general atmosphere, the international one, has changed. my work is related to the middle east region, in my opinion, in the case of syria, the likelihood of mediation success is minimal, or tends to zero, he has been trying to do something since 2012, the results are modest, the parties and those who helps, do not show interest in consent. in the gas sector, we are also seeing attempts at mediation, but we are only talking about the release of hostages. this is not a conflict resolution as such. in principle, negotiations with the israeli and palestinian sides will be conducted on

a wider range of issues. perhaps now is the time when the crisis can be resolved by addressing the fundamental causes. the success of mediation depends only on those involved. the conflict in palestine gives the impression that all attempts to somehow change, rationalize political behavior, which seemed to be successful in the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, are now losing their meaning. i recently spoke with one of the israeli diplomats, who once held an important position in the government, and was distinguished by rare sober thinking. today he, like many other israelis, is filled with rage and thirst. i reminded him of the american experience, that i gave him the example of the events of september 11, 2001 , what the united states did after those terrorist attacks and what the consequences were for the whole world. the israelis should learn a lesson from that

history, try to pacify anger, overcome the desire for revenge, think about the future. so far, all actions are aimed at demonstrating to the palestinians who is the power and strength here. israel shows that it can do whatever it wants within its borders, the restoration of control in the region is only a matter of time, but this is not the first time israel has lost control over the situation, it was not easy after the war of the seventy-third year, the situation was similar in 2006 in lebanon, when they had to retreat due to huge losses. israel is no longer capable hold positions only with force of arms. it is time for israelis to consider other ways to ensure their security. for this they need to change the paradigm of thinking, but i’m not sure that they are capable, and the concept of two states is alive, after what happened in gas, there was a kind of revival of this idea, but we need to act very quickly to

reverse the processes that have begun, this is work for mediators interested in regional stability, including russia and the united states. at this stage. israelis believe that they can dominate five million palestinians by force of arms. this is impossible unless israel decides to forcibly relocate everyone. voices are heard, even official ones, in support of such a strategy, and this is very regrettable. the international community should clearly and quickly declare that israel must live peacefully side by side with a palestinian state. well, hamas demonstratively committed enough atrocities. and they understood that people in the gas sector would suffer, and israel’s reaction would be no less harsh. have you compared the events of october 7 with the terrorist attacks of september 11 , 2001, because bin laden’s idea was exactly the same, to provoke a furious reaction from the united states. how is hamas generally perceived in the arab

world? is hamas considered the legitimate representative of the palestinians? the legitimate representative of the palestinian people is the palestinian authority in ramallah, not hamass. hamas is a military-political group that has its own electorate. let's face it. hamas controlled the gaza strip. i don't think we should discuss separately what hamas did. or islamic jihad on october 7. this is a new, dark page in the history of israel, which began in 1948, and contains many monstrous episodes for which both the israeli and palestinian sides are responsible. everyone did atrocities. it is important that the palestinians perceive today's event as retribution, israel's payment for the harsh actions that it has committed for many years, like any palestinian liberation movement, demonstrates cruelty, unfortunately, in south africa, for example, was it any different? yes, the african national congress in its

for a time he allowed terrible things to happen, but then he came to his senses; let’s remember that the americans once viewed the organization for the liberation of palestine as terrorists. over time , everything has changed, i don’t think we should focus on hamas. the palestinian authority, as a legitimate body, must be empowered. israel, and especially israel under netanyahu's premiership. systematically undermined the balance. back in 1947, when the un general assembly was discussing the future of the british mandate for palestine, the permanent representative of the ussr, andrei gromyko supported the plan to divide the mandated territory into two states - arab and jewish. it is noteworthy that at that time not only great britain, but even the united states opposed the creation of a full-fledged jewish state. and the soviet leadership. she sympathized more with the jewish socialists who led the zionist movement than with the arab

monarchical regime. the soviet union recognized israel on may 26, 1948 and was on its side during the first arab-israeli war. but soon relations began to deteriorate, in fifty-two with the coming to power in egypt free officers led by nassar, the ussr went over to the arab side for a long time. diplomatic relations with israel were interrupted. three times, first in february '53, after jewish extremists threw a bomb at the soviet embassy in tel aviv. then the ambassador's wife suffered from the explosion. then in 56-5, after the soviet crisis, the triple aggression against egypt. and in june sixty-seven they were torn apart for a quarter of a century after the six-day war, or, as they believed in moscow, unilateral israeli aggression against egypt. the campday agreements

of 1978 can be considered a diplomatic success for the americans, on the basis of which six months later, egyptian president anwar saddad and israeli prime minister menachim begen signed a peace treaty in washington. cairo and tel aviv have established diplomatic relations. israel began a phased withdrawal of troops from the sinas peninsula, which was fully completed in the eighty-second year. both leaders received the nobeve peace prize. to anwar sadat she cost his life, he was killed in an assassination attempt organized by islamists who did not forgive him for his rapprochement with israel. relations between tel aviv and moscow resumed only through the consulate, only in 1987. they were fully restored in october 1991, on the eve of the madrid conference, when representatives of israel and palestine met face to face for the first time. it was there that they actually agreed. principles of peace in exchange for territory. secret negotiations soon began. the first oslo-1 agreement was

signed by shimon peres and mahmoud abbas in '93. at the same time, palestinian leader yasser arafat and israeli prime minister yitzhak rabin exchanged letters of mutual recognition of the palestine liberation organization and the state of israel. for this, both also received the nobel peace prize, but now it cost the life of israeli prime minister rabin, he was killed in an assassination attempt, which this time was organized by an israeli far-right extremist. in october 94, israel and jordan signed a peace treaty established diplomatic relations. and a quarter of a century later, in september 2020, in washington, israeli prime minister netanyahu and the foreign ministers of the united arab emirates and bahrain signed a document “normalization of relations,” called the abraham accords in the western press. this

rapprochement was supported by more than half of the arab world, including such key players , like saudi arabia and egypt. everyone says that the un is losing authority, losing legitimacy, harsh complaints are being made against secretary general gutierres. you expected this reactions and what to generally fear when thinking about i was not surprised by israel's claims to the secretary general. for many years, israelis have found reasons to condemn the un for its activities and the resolutions it adopts. this should not be the case, many countries sided with the secretary-general because he made a statement that is true and which is based on the position of international and international humanitarian law. of course, the un is going through hard times; the dark streak did not begin yesterday. it is forbidden

to place responsibility only on the secretary general and his staff, discussions of many topics in the security council have long been at a dead end, if anyone is to blame, then the security council. for more than 20 years, the reform of the security council regarding the power of veto, limiting its use has been discussed, expanding the membership and carrying out the functions of the security council to maintain peace and security, the international community will continue to insist that the permanent composition change, without this there will be no effectiveness continue to suffer, the mechanisms need to be reconsidered. decisions in the security council and in the institutions of the bretenvous system, they must change along with the balance of power. the world system is not what it was in 1945 or even 1991. the global south has a strong voice in international affairs and this must be reflected in procedures, otherwise the un will not be able to play a role in maintaining international

peace and security and solving global economic problems , which i hoped to create. thank you, we spoke with a prominent egyptian diplomat ramzi ramzi. the global south, which our interlocutor spoke about , is really on the rise. its most colorful and populous representative is india, about the changing identity of the country, vgtrk correspondents from new delhi. india is opening a new page in its history, and it is happening here, in the center of newley, from the old parliament building, built more than a century ago by british architects, to the new one, just a few meters away, they are literally across the road, this is of course very symbolic, 75 years behind us, since independence, there is a new stage ahead, and the indian authorities consider this stage to be historic; since the fall, parliamentarians have already been working hard in the new building with the construction

of the british era, which has witnessed the historic adoption of the constitution of independent india; according to the prime minister, a lot is connected, but the time has come to accept historical decisions, one of the distinctive features of this session is that a journey of 75 years is now beginning on a new page. the colonial past is remembered here reluctantly, great britain built a strict management system in india, focused on maximizing profit; it was in opposition to the colonial regime that indian civil society began to form, which is largely due... to mahatmegandi and other leaders of the independence movement; in fact , indian national identity took shape in the 20th century, not thanks to the british, and despite them, this parliament must reflect the confidence of the nation, the strength of its youth, and the determination to achieve the level of development that our prime minister speaks of, and this

this means the determination to make india a developed country by 2047, and here it is important to remember the diversity of our culture; in the design of the new parliament building, by the way, you can see peacocks, tigers, banyan trees, lotus and many other things that are important in indian culture. the indian authorities are planning a $2 billion project to modernize the capital. buildings built during the british raj are going to be replaced or reconstructed. this is connet place - a colonial district in the center of new delhi. here relatively clean, spacious, surrounded by expensive restaurants, shops, boutiques, hotels, and for a while you can even forget that large-scale reconstruction will quite possibly affect this area, how and when this will happen is now being decided by parliamentarians. however, there is no consensus yet on how to implement the project; if they decided to make a museum in the old parliament building, there are disputes about others.

the museum, which is a national art center named after indira gandhi, has been approved for demolition, and plans to demolish the national museum of india, also part of the building national archives, however, before demolishing the building, you need to think carefully, temporarily thinking about the issue of officially renaming the country. during the parliamentary session in september, many in india expected that of the two official constitutional names of the country, india pharat mode , they would be offered to make up one, namely the hindi version phaarat, but this did not happen, but for many indians, historical bharod is perhaps much closer than india is familiar to europeans. pharod, as they believe here, is about prosperity from the country of india about colonial oppression. the secret of the colonial administration of the british empire is not in your physical subjugation, but in the colonization of your consciousness. hence the call for reform. in education, one of the goals is to move away from the approaches and teaching methods in secondary and higher schools of colonial times; they want to pay more attention to sanskrit, traditional sciences and local languages. the secret of the colonial

rule of the british empire lies not in your physical subjugation, but in the colonization of your consciousness. in the meantime, india is waiting parliamentary elections that will take place next year. fashion promises to make a country that wants leadership in the global south the third economy in the world, after success in space, this no longer seems to be the case. parting with the british heritage in india is one side of the decolonization process, and the other is much more interesting. the british cabinet is headed by a practicing hindu whose family is from punjab. sunok reshuffled his deeply unpopular government this week. on the political horizon, david cameron's star shone again. when he was prime minister, he announced a referendum on leaving the european union, to

his amazement the british decided to leave. then cameron spectacularly resigned, leaving everything to be sorted out by others. now he headed the forrain office. a funny detail: in order to appoint a minister, he was given the title of lord and made a member. the corresponding chamber. this is legal, but atypical. cameron, who left politics 7 years ago, is an unelected member of the house of commons. detractors say that he is not responsible to voters, and this is not good. they'll figure it out. since cameron doesn't drowned in the monstrous mess that he brewed with brexit, now it’s all the more important to get out of it. but the question is: to whom and for what are architects externally responsible? politics are not idle, and not just for great britain. the world has entered a series of upheavals. foreign and domestic policies are so intertwined that

it is impossible to separate one from the other. as is customary, foreign policy is judged in terms of prestige, national greatness, in some cultures, and some form of messianism. it's beautiful, but how real is it? protection from the tricks of a crazy world, skill avoid destructive... influences and not miss out on the beneficial guarantee of survival in unpredictable conditions. for some reason, this is usually called pragmatism, but the word is too ugly. strengthening the stability of the entire social structure is an existential question; external tasks are increasingly subordinated to internal ones. this is probably why elegant diplomacy is now increasingly in cinema and literature, but in practice it is not its time. it will definitely come someday. thanks a lot. it was an international review, goodbye. in

finland really does not like to remember the heinous crimes committed during the second world war. the finnish army had equipment from almost all of europe. it seems that all of europe wanted the finnish army, together with the german army, to defeat the soviet union. finland pursued a pronounced policy of genocide. regarding my claim, the answer was that finland did not commit war crimes. the finnish authorities planned to completely get rid of the entire russian population in the territories annexed to greater finland. finland makes a tragic mistake by joining the nato bloc when... they fought with russia, they were always defeated.

i’ve spent my whole life working towards this, we expect to do it in 10 days, it will be a record, cut it, on the verge of possibilities, we are all with him, because he is the only one, at the maximum height, higher, don’t rise, you’ll just fall like a stone , with the speed of the wind, it’s a super cyclone, a killer cyclone, it’s like it’s chasing you. what do you want? lord of the wind.

we watch to learn about the world, educational programs and documentaries, we watch. v application or website. russia is a country of great achievements. right now we are making discoveries in science, our children are throwing open the doors of modern classrooms. we create new cultural spaces. and of course, we are opening new routes and points of attraction. discover the achievements of our country. come to the exhibition. forum russia

, we are alexander and dmitry koshnin, i calculated a model of a super-hard material for industry, and i calculated a model for a super-sensitive gas analyzer, and this is grandfather, thanks to his ingenuity, we got carried away science, develop an interest in science from childhood, apply for scientific specialties. rf, we look before everyone else, where is vasnetsov, let him go where, vasnetso. now i’m actually, you know, i’m not very comfortable, someone was killed again? yes, what is it, you have neither sleep nor rest, let’s subscribe and watch.

so, we are summing up the results of today, the forum and exhibition. russia together with the chairman of the just russia for truth party sergei mironov. sergey mikhailovich, hello. hello, have you already walked through the exhibition, what are your impressions? what do you remember? well, fortunately, i haven’t seen everything yet, because of course i have a desire to come back here more than once , and not alone, with my family, but the exhibition, of course, makes a great impression, firstly, it is very large, well, as well as russia.