[000:00:00;00] in general, it officially declares that it thinks in completely different categories, the categories of a community of a common destiny for mankind, a rejection of military-political and confrontation between military-political blocs, a country that always prefers the format of bilateral relations rather than bloc relations, so of course china never said anywhere that, out of a sense of solidarity with someone, he would refuse the issue of developing relations with his generally main economic partner, so in my opinion, such views were initially are unfounded, but at the same time we must understand that the tone of the conversation between sidinping and biden, and the results that were achieved, but in no way compare with what is happening between moscow and beijing, of course, our level of mutual understanding, the level of mutual trust is much, much above, i know that you have mgemo,

china week is passing, right now? well, apparently it coincided by accident, i think so, from the point of view of higher education, which trains personnel, we are ready for this, as the personnel potential of russia is ready - for the level that you said, very high and promising relationships? at the moment, of course, we are at the beginning of the journey, as i would say, it’s clear, but now the tasks are somewhat different and it seems to me that in higher education there is... some personnel shortage and a personnel shortage of people who could train specialists , regional specialists, we have wonderful international specialists, of course political scientists, but in my opinion it is the shortage of regional specialists that is felt and it coexists with a huge interest in chinese studies, we see this in our week in china, which is carried out on the initiative of students, primarily by students, and attracts

students from different universities, it is not only... it means within the framework of mgemo and at the same time we see support from the leadership in the relations of the week of china, for example, despite the fact that we had a student event, the level was very high, so much so that the ambassador of the people's republic of china visited our event, for example, the number of courses is expanding, this is there, but the situation cannot be broken quickly, cannot be changed, of course, with us there is also a certain psychological inertia, according to which many people treat china as some kind of exotic , yes, of course, now the situation is changing, but it will take some time to change, this is completely normal, well, then we’ll get used to it to the exotic, thank you very much, our guest was ivan zuyanko from mgemo, which the americans emphasize, the agreement between the usa and the people's republic of china to combat the trafficking of fintanil, a synthetic opioid that has turned into a scourge of america, it is believed that

it is... 100 times stronger than morphine 50 times, than heroin. beijing promises to tighten measures on the production and export of drug raw materials , and washington promises to lift sanctions on the chinese forensic institute. in relations between china and the west, opium once played a huge role, extremely destructive, of course, here is the same topic again, but now in the opposite direction. the century in chinese history is called golden: the economy flourished, the population tripled and exceeded 300 million people. china sold a lot of tea, porcelain, and silk to western countries, but the governor in india refused governor general ooren hastings. he offered the chinese opium, which the british obtained from opium poppies from bengal and the chinese began to buy it. the opium trade became the most profitable business in the british

colony. history, the main port became canton, modern gonjou. the chinese paid for opium in silver and it brought in up to 20% of all income of the british empire. by the mid-nineteenth , even members of the imperial family, the qing dynasty, became addicted to copium, and this became the main threat to the existence of the state. to solve this problem, emperor ming ning in 1839 sent his incorruptible official lindze to the south. arriving in the canton, lin surrounded the quarter where the merchants lived with troops and presented an ultimatum to the foreign merchants to hand over all the opium and not to bring it back to china. the governor threatened to behead those who violated the ban. the blockade lasted several weeks. the merchants obeyed. lindzey ordered the goods to be thrown into the sea, but

fighting broke out between the chinese border junks and the british ships. and in june 1840. british squadron out of fifty ships blocked canton from the sea. the chinese forces were significantly superior to the british, but they were noticeably inferior both in weapons and in discipline. the first... the dark war ended with the complete defeat of the qing empire. in 1842, according to the treaty of nonking, the emperor paid the british a large indemnity, gave them the island of hong kong and opened five new ports for trade with foreigners. opium was not mentioned in the treaty. the parties pretended that there was no drug trade, although it, of course, continued after the war with on a large scale. the qing empire was in a fever at that time. china was not opened by a wave of popular protests in 1850 with the outbreak of the taiping uprising. not only the british and french, but also the americans took advantage of the crisis. world powers demanded expanded rights for traders, the establishment of an embassy in

peking, and at the same time official permission to trade opium. naturally, china did not agree to this. the reason for a new war was found in the fall of 1856, when the chinese detained him. smuggling. great britain demanded the release of its subjects, but was refused. thus began the second opium war, which lasted from 1856 to 1860, and also ended with the defeat of the chinese. the anglo-french army destroyed the city of canton and already threatened beijing, forcing it to sign surrender on extremely unfavorable terms. the treaties of beijing were signed in october and 1860. in accordance with them, china had to pay substantial indemnities, open the port of tianjin to trade with foreigners, and allow its population to be used to work in

the colonies of france and great britain. on the edge in the 19th and 2nd centuries, there were about 15 million drug addicts in china, and the drug business itself flourished until 1949, when the communists took over it. led by smau. yes, us-china relations are saturated with the breath of the past. we do not encourage you to draw lessons from history; nothing is literally repeated. but one thing is worth remembering: the detente of past decades, no matter what they were called, ended with new aggravations, sometimes very serious. maybe china and the united states can avoid this spiral. but why? rinastop helps fight the runny nose affordable price, and renastop - double help

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leave the house one more time when you can buy everything on a scooter, why leave the house one more time, order more of your favorite products, scooter without extra. talk about a possible settlement, a future structure, is beginning to be heard, but so far, very timidly, it seems that no one is serious about diplomacy accepts, not until her time comes, let’s ask about this from one of the most eminent respected egyptian diplomats, ramzi ramzi , in the most recent sphere, syrian settlement, mr. ramze, mediation services whatever the conflict,

the participants do not expect help with on the other hand, the general international atmosphere has changed. my work is related to the middle east region. in my opinion, in the case of syria, the likelihood of mediation success is minimal, or tends to zero, he has been trying to do something since 2012, the results modest parties and those who help them show no interest in agreement. in the gas sector. we are also seeing attempts at mediation, but we are only talking about the release of hostages. this is not a conflict resolution as such. in principle, negotiations with the israeli and palestinian sides will be conducted on a wider range of issues. perhaps now is the time, when there is a crisis, the success of mediation depends only on the parties involved. the mediator cannot force reconciliation. well, it creates a conflict in palestine the impression that all attempts to somehow change - to rationalize political behavior,

which seemed to be successful in the twentieth and early 21st centuries, are now losing their meaning. i recently spoke with an israeli diplomat who once held an important position in the government and was distinguished by rare sober thinking. today, like many other israelis, he is gripped by a rage and a thirst for a place that does not allow him to think long-term. i gave him the example of the events of september 11, 2001. reminded us of the american experience: what the united states did after those terrorist attacks and what are the consequences for the whole world? israelis must learn a lesson from that history, try to pacify their anger, overcome the desire for revenge and think about the future. so far, all actions are aimed at demonstrating to the palestinians who is the power and strength here. israel is showing that it can do whatever it wants within its borders; regaining control in the region is only a matter of time. but this is not the first time that israel has lost control over the situation,

it was not easy after the war in 1973, similarly, things were in 2006 in lebanon, when they had to retreat due to huge losses. it is time for the israelis to consider other ways to ensure their security in the region, especially since they exist. to do this, they need to change the paradigm of thinking, but i’m not sure that they are capable. is the two-state concept still alive? after what happened in gaza, there was a kind of revival of this idea, but we must act very quickly to reverse the processes that had begun, this is work for mediators interested in regional stability, including russia and the usa. at this stage , the israelis believe that they can dominate the 5 million palestinians by force of arms. this is impossible unless israel decides

to forcibly relocate everyone. voices are heard. even the official ones support such a strategy and this is very regrettable, the international community should clearly and as soon as possible state that israel must live peacefully side by side with the palestinian state, well, the hamas demonstratively committed enough atrocities, they understood that people in the gaza strip would suffer, and israel's reaction will be no less harsh, you compared the events of october 7 with the terrorist attacks of september 11, 2001, because the idea... is to provoke a furious reaction from the united states. how is hamas generally perceived in the arab world? is hamas considered the legitimate representative of the palestinians? the legitimate representative of the palestinian people is the palestinian authority in ramallah, not hamas. hamas is a military-political group that has its own electorate. let's face it. hamas controlled the gaza strip. i don't think we should discuss that separately. what did hamas or islamic jihad on october 7th.

this is a new, dark page in the history of israel, which began in 1948, and contains many monstrous episodes for which both the israeli and palestinian sides are responsible, all of whom committed atrocities. it is important that the palestinians perceive today's event as retribution, israel's payment for the harsh actions that it has committed for many years, like any palestinian liberation movement, it demonstrates cruelty, unfortunately, in south africa, for example, was it any different? yes, the african national congress in its for a time he allowed terrible things to happen, but then he came to his senses, let’s remember: the americans once viewed the organization for the liberation of palestine as terrorists. over time , everything has changed, i don’t think we should focus on hamas. the palestinian authority, as a legitimate body, must be empowered, thematically undermined by balalan. back in 1947,

when the un general assembly was discussing the future of the british mandate for palestine, the permanent representative of the ussr divided the mandated territory into two states - arab and jewish. it is noteworthy that at that time the creation of a full-fledged jewish state was opposed not only by great britain, but even by the us monarchical regime. the soviet union recognized israel on may 26, 1948, and was on its side during the first arab-israeli war. but soon relations began to deteriorate, in '52, with the coming to power in egypt of free officers, led by nassar. the ussr went over to the arab side for a long time. diplomatic relations with israel were interrupted three times. first in february '53, after jewish extremists threw a bomb on the territory of the soviet embassy in tel aviv. then

the ambassador's wife suffered from the explosion. then in 56-5, after the soviet crisis, the triple aggression against egypt. and in june 67 they were torn apart for a quarter of a century. after the six-day war or, as moscow believed, israel’s unilateral aggression against egypt. the camp david agreements of 1978 can be considered a diplomatic success for the americans, on the basis of which six months later, egyptian president anwar saddad and prime minister israel, minachim begen signed a peace treaty in washington. cairo and tel aviv have established diplomatic relations. israel began a phased withdrawal of troops from the sinata peninsula, which was fully completed in the eighty-second year. both leaders received the nobel peace prize, but the attack was organized by islamists who did not forgive him for his rapprochement with israel. relations between tel aviv and moscow resumed only through the consulate only in 1987 . they were fully restored in

october of the ninety-first year, on the eve madrid conference, when representatives of israel and palestine met face to face for the first time. and it was there that they actually agreed to the principle of peace in exchange for donkey territory - 1 was signed by shimon peres and mahmoud abbas in 93. at the same time, palestinian leader yasser arafat and israeli prime minister yitzhak rabin exchanged letters on mutual recognition of the palestine liberation organization and the state of israel. for this, both also received the nobel peace prize, but now it cost israel’s life. prime minister rabbin, he was killed in an assassination attempt, this time carried out by an israeli far-right extremist. in october 94, israel and jordan signed a peace treaty and established diplomatic relations ; a quarter of a century later, in september 2020, in washington,

israeli prime minister netanyahu and the foreign ministers of the united arab emirates and bahrain signed a document normalizing relations. names of key players like saudi arabia and egypt. everyone says that he is losing authority, losing legitimacy, harsh claims are being made in address of secretary general gutierres. did you expect such a reaction and what should you generally fear when thinking about the future of the un? i was not surprised by israel’s claims to the secretary general. for many years, israelis have found reasons to condemn the un for its activities. which corresponds to reality and which is based on the provisions of international and international humanitarian law. of course, he is going through hard times, the dark streak did not start yesterday.

the responsibility cannot be placed solely on the secretary general and his staff. discussion of many topics in the security council has long been at a dead end. if we have to blame anyone, it would be the security council with its inherent rivalry between the five permanent members. for more than 20 years, there have been discussions on the reform of the security council regarding the veta law, limiting its use, expanding its membership and the implementation of the security council's functions of maintaining peace and security. the international community will continue to insist that the permanent composition be changed. without this, the effectiveness of the un will continue to suffer. decision making mechanisms in the security council and in the institutions of the bretonvousian system, they must change along with the balance of power, the world system is no longer the same as it was in 1945 or even in 1991. the global south has a loud voice in international affairs, and this must be

reflected in the procedures, otherwise the un will not be able to play the role in maintaining international peace and security and solving global economic problems that its creators hoped for. thank you, we spoke with the prominent egyptian diplomat ramze ramze. the global south, which our interlocutor spoke about, really on the rise. its most colorful and populous representative is india, about the changing self-awareness of the country vgtr correspondents india is opening a new page in its history and it is happening here, in the center of newley, from the old parliament building, built more than a century ago by british architects, to the new one, just a few meters away they are literally across the road, this is of course very symbolic, 75 years have passed since the acquisition... and the indian authorities consider this stage historical , parliamentarians who witnessed

according to the prime minister, a lot is connected with the historical adoption of the constitution of independent india, but the true development of the country is confidently ahead. the time has come to make historic decisions. one of the distinctive features of this session is that a journey of 75 years is now starting over on a new page. the colonial past is here. reluctantly: great britain built a rigid system of governance in india. much credit goes to ahatmegandi and other leaders of the independence movement. indian national identity emerged in the 20th century century, not thanks to the british, but despite them. this parliament must reflect the confidence of the nation, the strength of its youth and the determination to achieve the level of development that our prime minister talks about, and that means the determination to make india a developed country by 2040. and here it is important to remember, by the way, you can see peacocks, tigers, banyan trees, lotus and many other things that are important in indian culture. the indian

authorities are planning a $2 billion project to modernize the capital. buildings built during the british raj are being collected change or reconstruct. this is connet play colonial area in the center of new delhi. it is relatively clean, spacious, surrounded by expensive restaurants, shops, boutiques, hotels, and you can even stay there for a while. perhaps this area will also be affected, how and when this will happen is now being decided by parliamentarians. however, there is no consensus yet on how to implement the project; if they decided to make a museum in the old parliament building, there are disputes about others. the museum, which is a national art center named after indira and gandhi. they are planning to demolish the national museum of india and also part of the national thinking building. we took time to think. on the issue of officially renaming the country. during the parliamentary session in september, many in india expected that of the two official constitutional names of the country, india and bharat

, fashion would be offered to create one, namely the hindi version bharat, but this did not happen, but for many indians the historical pharad is perhaps much closer, than the india familiar to europeans. pharad, as they say here, this is about the prosperity of the country, india is about colonial oppression. the secret to the colonial administration of the british empire is not your physicality. subjugation, in the colonization of your consciousness. hence the call for reforms in education. one of the goals is to move away from the approaches and teaching methods in secondary and higher schools of colonial times; they want to pay more attention to sanskrit, traditional sciences and local languages. the secret of the colonial rule of the british empire is not your physical subjugation, it is colonization your consciousness. in the meantime, india, evgeniy davidov and vladislav dadonov, especially for international viewing from newley. the dissolution of british heritage in india is one side of the decolonization process.

the other one is much more interesting. the british cabinet is headed by a practicing hindu whose family comes from punjab. this week , rishi sunok made a very unpopular reshuffle with the prime minister, who announced a referendum on leaving the european union. and to his amazement the british decided to come out. then cameron spectacularly resigned, leaving disentangle everything to others. now he headed the forrain office. a funny detail: in order to appoint a minister, he was given the title of lord and made a member of the corresponding chamber. this is legal, but not typical. cameron, who left the faith, since cameron did not drown in the monstrous mess that he brewed with brexit, will now get out even more. but the question is before whom... and what the architects of foreign policy are responsible for is not an idle one, and not only for great britain. the world has entered a series of upheavals. foreign

and domestic policies are so intertwined what. from the tricks of a crazy world, the ability to evade destructive influences and not miss the beneficial guarantee of survival in unpredictable conditions, for some reason this is usually called pragmatism, but the word is too unsightly. strengthening the sustainability of the entire social structure is an issue. this is probably why elegant diplomacy is now increasingly in cinema and literature, in practice it is not its time, it will definitely come, someday, thank you very much, this was an international

review, goodbye. the history of democracy in russia goes back to in ancient times. the national assembly of residents of the veche made decisions on all significant issues and played a key role in the formation of russian statehood. by the 11th century, a new institution of class representation appeared. the councils established a new electoral tradition. included elements of election to solve a number of government tasks. for the first time , the foundations of suffrage were laid in relation to cities and the urban population. thanks to the reforms of alexander ii, zemstvos appeared in russia. the people were legitimized as new source of power. the state duma became the first all-class legislative