now the continuation of the documentary anna afanasyeva and the long road home, about how palestinians live, who were forced by the israeli-palestinian conflict to flee to neighboring lebanon. now we hear that children are singing the palestinian anthem, this is not because we are working on a project that is related to the theme of the homeland, that’s why. they listen to traditional songs,

study the colors of the flag, they learned the song, i really saw you, my flag, the guys bring something from home related to national traditions, and we study it together.

the children and i discuss that we have the right to our land to return to our home, we also have an activity called the key, we give symbolism to the key, we explain to the children that these keys are from our houses in palestine, and this is a symbol our return home, the guys are drawing pictures like this one. what kind of future do i want for these children? we always return to the words of hasan kanafani, our kindergarten is named after him, i dream of a better and more beautiful world for these children, so that the children have a better life than the one i lived. have you seen what life is like? near? we don’t have playgrounds, children grow up on the streets, but here is a special world for them, it’s warm and bright. safe, i

do everything to preserve this important atmosphere, i wish these children to live in a better world than it is now, and preferably in their homeland, that day, on the streets of beirut, even at rush hour, it was amazingly deserted, the whole city stood still anxiously awaiting the speech of hezbollah leader hassan nasrala. somehow it was very interesting that the public was warming up on the eve of this speech, everyone was inclined to different, let’s say, guesses that what this speech will contain, what instructions will be given or what will be, and many journalists and serious analysts were inclined

to believe that there would almost be a declaration of war, everyone suddenly realized that it seems to me that it calmed the population more, there was no direct declaration of war, there were no absolutely terrible celestial punishments on the heads of the opposite side, but nevertheless there were clearly, say, resistance in certain cases, well , first of all, as i said, it civilian population while the army defense of israel, this is of such a deterrent nature, restraining in order to... show the whole world, in all

likelihood, that both there are forces for resistance, there are forces to inflict certain damage on each other. today, according to what hezbolah publishes, more than 60 people, among, say, hezbollah military personnel, have died as a result of these clashes with the israeli army, unfortunately, there are also civilians on the lebanese side. here is the latest case, when the car where she died was hit again family, a woman and three children, that is, this is certainly a loss that, unfortunately,

can become just that, a transitional period to greater escalation, given that the country is multi-religious, how would you characterize the view of the political elites on the participation of lebanon in this conflict? well, here again, if we are talking exclusively about lebanon, then yes, the country is multi-religious, and this is recorded, in particular, in their constitution, in their laws on local settlement, political, and otherwise, of course, a view on any conflict, it's always different for everyone. and there are corresponding forces that support hezbola and believe that it has the right to self-defense, in particular against the invasion of israeli troops into lebanese territory. there are forces that are categorically against and will not accept

such scenarios in order to avoid any destruction or damage to lebanon itself. if we talk. in general about lebanese society, say, about the lebanese cross-section of society, then the majority of the population is on the side of the palestinians, because they believe that the lack of settlement, this long fate of being an occupied people, greatly affects not only the palestinians themselves, but the surrounding countries. wali jumwlad, former chairman of the progressive socialist party of lebanon, leader of the druze mountain community. he views hezbollah's actions on the southern border of lebanon as

an attempt to reduce the tense situation in gaza. he stated that this lesson had already been learned and that he did not want to extend the combat zone. there are people, parties who do not want war, but unfortunately, what is happening in gaza now does not give lebanon a choice, since this affects its borders too, no one wants war, but if everything continues the same, we will be forced to join in helping the southern part of the population to protect from enemies.

karin kneisel moved from lebanon to russia a year ago and now heads the st. petersburg geopolitical observatory on key problems of russia. state university, we are now in your office in st. petersburg, and what we see is the russian flag on your table, this is not surprising, and the flag of lebanon, these two flags together, what do they mean to you? when i left the european union in the spring of 2022, i could not come to russia, but i had the opportunity to go to lebanon. i am very glad and grateful that some... i will not be able to live there for the remaining years. i am grateful to the lebanese themselves for their welcome. i recently went to armenia for a conference, where at the opening they were selling flags and they offered me to buy a flag of the european union. i then

said that it would be better for me to take the flag of russia and lebanon, because it is with these countries that i cooperated and thanks to them was able to survive. an expert analyst, including on the topic of the middle east, karin kneisel, in her open lectures, often refers to the history of the israeli-palestinian conflict. now it seems that many leaders, especially in the european union, believe that everything started on october 7th. yes, the armed forces of hamas, terrorists, as they are also called, from the point of view of the palestinians, peace fighters staged massive bloodshed, but this conflict is very, very old, i am rather inclined to call it a tragedy, for for me, this is much more than a conflict, this is a serious human... tragedy that began with disagreements over a piece of land, over the past decades the conflict has grown into

a full-scale war for survival, everything is at stake, the current conflict is different from previous ones, i would say it has literally degenerated into a struggle for survival between palestine and israel as a whole. this is not only about the palestinians, not only about the independence of the palestinian territories, as it appears in various resolutions, everything is much larger. we were in beirut on the very day when hassan nasrallah spoke, how would you interpret his words, how can you generally describe the role of lebanon at this stage of the israeli-palestinian conflict, do you think that the boundaries of the conflict can expand and spread not only to the southern territories of lebanon? hassan nasrallah, very charismatic. from the southern regions of lebanon.

borbatov and what is happening in israel, the relationship is interesting, i would even say, symbiotic, i also heard his speech. we can say that his performance, the event of the year, is more important than christmas, everyone was waiting for it, that in in the end, not much, it’s just a speech , several weeks have passed since then, it seems to me that the limits are with the request to maintain control over the situation, i don’t think that hezbollah will actively interfere, at the moment they are demonstrating theirs.

from the israeli side we hear ruthless statements, for example, from the israeli minister of defense, a few days ago he said: “with beirut we can do the same as with gas, that is, raze the city to the ground, drop bombs. the world did not react particularly, only france i was a little worried, where is germany, where is everyone else, why are they silent? based on my logic, but what i have seen over all these years, i can say, unless i am completely mistaken, a second front will not open for israel, i don’t think this will happen, this is also due to the fact that over all these years hezbollah became a truly lebanese movement.

they have their own income, their own circles of influence and they want to keep it all, risk it all for the sake of the palestinian brothers, in a sense i don’t believe in this, we are approaching quite sad conclusion, and it seems to me that i ’m right here, the palestinians will again be left unattended, not the first time in history, they pay a huge price, the tragedy in the sabra and shatila palestinian refugee camps located in western beirut, which occurred in 1982 , until now lebanese palestinians have been mourning

the tragic event for some time now, but recently there have been many clashes, and other camps are likely to be in conflict. but in the camps there was always self-government, the lebanese authorities did not enter the camps, they represented freedom. so the lebanese authorities do not interfere with what happens inside the camps. several generations of palestinian refugees live in lebanon without rights or opportunities. you were in these camps, you saw everything with your own eyes. don't you think that the lebanese authorities could have done more

to ensure that these people lived with dignity, they survived without electricity and clean water? yes, the lebanese, like the palestinians, in 1948, later in 1967, thought it was temporary the situation was that refugees arrived for a short time and would leave in a few weeks; no one expected that they would stay for a decade. this does not justify them, but it explains the situation. the second point, at a very early stage, the un took up this matter, so to speak, took over everything. and the lebanese authorities did not consider that they were responsible for this, they said that

the people were provided by the un, but i must say that in a sense, a number. many people tried to make money on someone else’s grief, for some it was a source of income, and for others it was a group people, which could be used for certain political purposes. the situation in the camps is tense, and i do not want to downplay or minimize the scale of the disaster. in lebanon , over the past 7-9 years, there has been a general decline in the standard of living of the population. i have been traveling to lebanon regularly for 30 years. i saw lebanon in the eighties, nineties, lebanon today. i lived there for a year and a half; in terms of social conditions, it has never been as bad as it is now. here is the district's

intelligentsia, here is the district where the poor live population and all this is combined in one small city. therefore, beirut always evokes very conflicting feelings: on the one hand , you feel sorry for the people, on the other hand, you are surprised how it is luxury and poverty, right side by side, side by side, from the east julia is half syrian, she moved to lebanon 7 years ago, following her husband, and is now waiting second child, if not for academic knowledge about the historical and ethnographic features of the region, she... would be very worried about the future of her family, in general the middle east is a volcano that sleeps, but at any moment he can wake up and explode, you need to know about this , you need to understand this when you move here, it’s never 100% calm here, just

what’s happening now, yes, it’s unpleasant, it’s alarming, especially when you have children, you have a family, but you live in this, you understand, sooner or later it would happen , it’s quite possible it will happen again, even if now everything is fine and it’s unknown at what level. when you come to this inner peace and some kind of rationalization, this is the ability to analyze the situation, then it’s easier for you to live here. the question that worries everyone now is how lebanon, which has not yet coped with the consequences of the economic crisis, will face itself if the boundaries of the conflict do expand significantly. year there was a revolution, thaura , as they call it here, when people took to the streets to protest against the government, then the kavits happened, then on august 4 , 2020, there was a major explosion in the port,

as a result of which more than 3,000 people were left homeless, without a roof over their heads. against the backdrop of all this, an economic a crisis that already had its beginnings earlier and starting in 2011, when the arab spring took place throughout the arab world, but now it has resulted in a full-scale crisis, in the summer of 2021, 2 years ago, there was probably the very peak of the crisis, because that the state-owned electricity practically stopped providing, they floated away... floating stations from turkey and we had interruptions in state-owned electricity before, but this can all be solved, 6 hours of state electricity, 6 hours, for example, private, and people could stand for 7 in line to fill up with gas, why? the fact is that the crisis in lebanon continues, it’s not that it has gotten better or been resolved, but the lebanese have this

peculiarity: they adapt to everything. but if a full-scale war breaks out, lebanon is not ready for this, and moreover, lebanon is not alone in its opinion. the reason is that lebanon is a very small country, but there are 18 religious denominations, the entire politics of lebanon is based on a confessional basis, it is called confessionalism, when the president only moronite, christian moronite, prime minister sunni speaker of parliament shiite, each denomination has its own views. for example, some christians, baronites , in particular, do not consider themselves arabs, they do not consider themselves part of the arab world, but the other part, it supports

the arabs, it supports the palestinians, it supports their right to their own state, against this background , of course, there is a very big split in society, but not even in society, among politicians; ordinary lebanese have an equally heterogeneous attitude towards the problem of the palestinians refugees. depends on the person from what community he is, because if he is from a community of supporting palestinians, then he always has this factor of sympathy that people were left without their lands, they live in camps, but in general everyone understands that the presence of refugees in such numbers in a small country, where there is already a crisis - this is not good for anyone, but if the syrians have somewhere to return, then the palestinians have nowhere, because their lands are no longer their territory, this is already another state. this is also like echoes of the civil war, someone supported the palestinians and their resistance, someone believed that this is not our history, we don’t need it here, it should be

somewhere else, but not here. turn right, straight ahead, be careful not to touch the wires, another turn, and we are at the final point of the labyrinth of streets of the shatila camp. exactly.

this is not just dance for the sake of dancing, it is our connection with our homeland. we show her how much we love palestine, how much we miss her, this is the little thing we can do for palestine, if we have not been to palestine, this does not mean that we refuse from our traditions, we adapt here, we continue to live in our cultural traditions developed here.

yes, we did not live in palestine, but this does not break our connection with it, we would still really like to return, especially what is happening there now awakens an even greater desire, what is success for a palestinian who lives in lebanon? a successful palestinian causes great pride, first of all, because we live a different life, the life of refugees, we have our own criteria, for me personally, success is maintaining our roots, our beginning, do not forget about our homeland, work as hard as we can to achieve our independence. of course, the hopeless conditions in which people live have led

many to wonder what is possible. this is not the best option, you know what i'm talking about, it used to be that staying in the camp was the closest way to home, now some people are thinking that living outside of lebanon will bring us closer to the possibility of returning to palestine, i lived in europe for 30 years, traveled a lot, now i’m back in the camp, because you know, i miss my roots, real life, between people , my people live here, people understand each other here, human relationships are felt here, in europe there is no such thing, there is no connection between people, there is a lot of propaganda, for example, everyone believes that if i am a palestinian, then i am a terrorist, i had to make a choice, a choice between convenience, the comfort that europe offers with its happiness, i chose happiness. yes,

there is no electricity here, secondly, the water comes into the tap from the sea, it is salty, here it is necessary to have reserves of water for various needs , electricity is very, very expensive, and it is also very dangerous to touch the walls, since electric current passes there and can hit you, and when it also starts to rain, all the buildings here are not very well built, so a stone could easily fall on your head. at night you can see hundreds of rats running around the streets, hundreds of rats, you know, when people fall asleep, rats wake up, if you go somewhere at night, then you literally walk with them.

here you describe all the problems with which locals, rats, difficulties with electricity, water, it seems to me that all the fingers on both hands will not be enough to list everything, and despite all these difficulties, you still decided to return? i was born here. i grew up here, i fought here, i was a soldier, i fought, i lived side by side with these people, here i feel close to them, here i feel safer, even though we have no amenities, and rats run through the streets along with cats, here i feel more happy, because here i understand people, and people understand me, we have a lot in common.

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