however, at the last moment everything suddenly miraculously turned in the opposite direction. the final document was agreed upon and even declared historic, because for the first time it states, albeit vaguely, the goals of abandoning fossil fuels. what was it all about, success or failure? we asked our good friend igor makarov, a conference participant in dubai. on the last day of the conference, which

was supposed to be the last, that is , december 12, there really was a feeling of complete impasse, because well, the text that appeared the night before, it generally categorically did not suit the developed countries in the first place, but in general they actively advocated that it should exist, but the wording should be radically changed. moreover , they said it in very harsh terms, and there was also a whole series of speeches by representatives of small states that are extremely vulnerable to climate change, in the spirit that this text is generally a death sentence for us, and so on, but with the other hand is that they demanded in their speeches, that is, the formulation of a rejection of fossil fuels, or at least a phased

phase-out of fossil fuels, such a formulation turned out to be unacceptable for , first of all, countries exporting hydrocarbons, well, the main one was saudi arabia, which of course, criticize as much as possible in the western media there , and in general, on the margins too, but it is clear that saudi arabia in general represented the interests of, well, at least the league of arab states. but also a whole series other countries, most likely russia too. on the sidelines of the cop-28 global climate summit, a disappointing forecast was made: due to global warming , the world faces five disasters in the next 7 years, the consequences of which will be irreversible. they will happen, according to scientists from the global tipping points project, if the temperature on earth rises to 1.5-2° above industrial temperature. level,

because of this, the natural air circulation in the north atlantic will be disrupted, the permafrost will melt, large ice sheets in greenland and west antarctica will collapse, and coral reefs in warm waters will disappear. massive melting of glaciers could cause sea levels to rise at record rates. as a result, five island states may disappear from the face of the earth in 50-100 years: tuvalu, maldives, marshall islands, kiribati. and nauro. the first, it is possible, will be tuvalu in polynesia with a population of about 11 thousand people. the country is located on nine coral islands, most of which are just a meter above the water, and at high tide, almost half of the capital is flooded. in order to preserve the state, at least for history, the authorities decided to create a digital copy of it and upload it to a cloud server, and to introduce an amendment to the constitution stating that totuvalu will exist forever,

despite the consequences of climate change. in 2021, foreign minister tovalu addressed the un conference on change. calling on them to unite in the face of global warming, and the president of the maldives back in 2009 held the first ever underwater meeting. pacific countries most vulnerable climate disaster are likely to be the main beneficiaries of the damage compensation fund established on the sidelines of the twenty-eighth un climate change conference. however, in... in the first 5 days, this fund collected only about $800 million in collective assistance to developing countries, but there were also those who chose to act independently, for example, australia promised to send $150 million to the pacific resilience fund and offered asylum to the people of tuvalu .

december 13, at 7 am, that is, apparently they were working really all night. the entire previous day , all night, and maybe the entire previous night , in general - a text was released that, well, in many ways, really became a compromise, that is, very elegant, very elegant wording that everyone, on the one hand , can perceive in their own way, with on the other hand, in these formulations, everyone can find something that suits them, some kind of departure from fossil fuels, but at the same time, such a formulation is generally used for the first time in... in general, one is free to understand as one wants, on the other hand , what stands behind it specifically is also everyone v sides appeared literally the very next point, a proposal appeared that the possibility of using

transition fuels or transition fuels to facilitate the energy transition is recognized, the transition fuel usually means gas, although it is not directly named there, but in general... this is basically how it is understood and this is, of course, a concession from a number of oil and gas states, in general , almost primarily probably to russia, because this is precisely the narrative of russia, that gas is the cleanest of fossil fuels, references to the fact are scattered throughout the text. that we must use all types of solutions to reduce emissions, including nuclear energy, including projects to capture and dispose of co2, which china has always insisted on on the one hand, and saudi arabia on the other, and that natural-climate solutions should be widely used, on which including russia constantly insists, in general, all these all these decisions, they were recognized and

mentioned in the final text, which developed countries have always generally opposed, because they have always insisted that we need to concentrate on the main thing, that is , on a rollback from fossil fuels, and in parallel there is also a massive mention of the need for a just transition, probably this concept will be the key at the next summits, that is , after all, developed countries will need to, well , somehow work out what - mechanisms of what to do with countries that are very dependent on fossil fuels, but at the same time are objectively poor, and they themselves will not do anything, well, there is the most striking example, which was constantly mentioned at this summit, this iraq, and... well, in principle, the country that will host the next summit, azerbaijan, is generally from the same series. the disappointment of polar bears, drawing by harm bengen from germany. to the english abbreviated name of the climate conference cop-28, one

letter was added and it turned out to be cops. this is a nickname for police officers in the united states. and the phrase goes like this: all cops are bastards. emanuel rossa from italy. the job is called a dirty deal. on the papers it is written: final communication of the un climate change conference. marian kamensky from slovakia does not reduce the intensity of the fight and lets down line under the final documents of the conference. welcome to the united arab emirates. shake but do not mix. flo and hang, a couple of artists from france with their own approach to the climate, are an unusual collective image or bar already. open, igor, but no , the feeling is that these are all attractive political games, but in fact, they have no direct relationship to the climate. optimists say that if you look at what happened 10 years ago and what now, well, we are completely different worlds from the point of view of the development

of green technologies, their dissemination, and so on further, but suffice it to say that in the fifteenth year, when the paris agreement was adopted. those measures that were announced by the countries at that time were enough to keep the temperature rise by about 4°, well, 3.5-4°. and those measures that have now been announced by countries and which with a high degree of probability will be implemented, because these are short-term promises, and in general so far they are being implemented for the most part, this is already 2.8 °, that is, well, the shift is colossal even over the past 8 years, s on the other hand, the pessimist will say, and he will also be absolutely right, that this does not at all correlate with the even more ambitious goals that are set in the same paris agreement, namely to maintain growth.

that is, i would say that the pace of the green transformation of the world economy is sufficient to generally modify the entire world economy, which in general is already gradually happening, but not enough to solve the actual problem that stands within the framework of this process. ok, then another question for... everyone was discussing the report deputy head of the imf, she pre-advertised economic fragmentation and the cold war. this is quite atypical for such institutions; in fact, they should radiate optimism. how should we approach this? the world economy is on the brink of a new cold war, in which the main opposing forces will be the united states and china. this was stated by the deputy head of the international monetary fund. just like 70 years

ago, ideological and economic confrontation is unfolding, but it is taking place in the new conditions of a deeply integrated connected global economy. against the backdrop of the pandemic, the escalation of the conflict in ukraine and rising tensions in relations between china and the united states, global economic relations are also changing. national security interests and the protection of domestic markets come to the fore. many countries are producing more and more products on their own and are concentrating on developing relations with countries with which they already have stable ties. thus, after several years of tension in relations, china ceased to be the united states' largest trading partner. this role was taken by yourself mexico. china's share of american imports fell to 13% in the first. half of this year from 22% in the same period

in 2018, there is geo-economic fragmentation with shifts in established bilateral trade relations. since the conflict in ukraine began, trade growth has slowed across the board, but the decline between politically divided blocs has been even greater. gita gopinath argues that if the world economy splits into two blocks. where russia and china predominate in the east, the united states and the european union in the west, and trade between them stop, global losses could amount to 2.5% of gdp, but in some countries they could reach 7%. developing and emerging market economies will be hit hardest by economic fragmentation, although some may gain something in the early stages of fragmentation in a full-blown cold war.

a warning, uh, which is generally made in a very unusual form for these uh, well, for these institutions, uh, well, which, apparently, follows from the fact that they really understand that if everything goes the same way continue, then this will incur - well , colossal economic costs, that is , and if strategic rivalry in the economy - of the leading powers will continue to occur virtually without rules, as is currently being implemented. yes, without some kind of arbitrage , then well, this will lead to significant

consequences for the economy, including for the economy of developed countries, which in general is already quite clearly reflected in the report, this is really a warning, well, taking into account the contrast between what is usually comes out from the imf and what it sounds like now, well the warning is quite convincing, that's... but how it will be perceived further, i have doubts that it will somehow be fully taken into account, well, this erosion of the rules may even be beneficial for us, but we are dissatisfied with the fact that ... the rules were drawn up without us, this is a question related to the discussion , this order is based on rules, it is mainly based on whose rules and the question is who writes these rules, of course, these rules were written by the west for a very long time, in the sense that well, it's probably this one the order has naturally, in general, entered into a kind of crisis, well, in general, there is some kind

of opportunity here for countries that were not previously allowed to write these rules, but this... the opportunity will only be realized if new rules appear, because of course the world without rules, well, this is the world we live in now from an economic point of view, it’s probably not the best world for all parties, and this is worth admitting, after all , these new rules must somehow be developed, perhaps and just this cry of the imf, this is just a cry in this direction, that still, we need to come to an agreement, but there is some fragmentation.

be open to each other, their competition must be managed and must obey certain rules, and such a world, probably, it can be more prosperous, more inclusive, more sustainable than the world of hyperglobalization, but so far we cannot say from this world in general, that it is much closer to it than when there was an order based on rules written by one side. thank you.

regardless of how they are treated, but for sanctioned iran, digital assets acquired strategic importance, becoming an instrument of foreign trade in conditions of isolation from the global banking system. today, the country has a growing number of companies that provide a secure, and most importantly legal, platform for buying and selling cryptocurrencies. oban ter employs 150 traders and cryptocurrency experts. this company appeared in 2018. when the crypto market in iran was not regulated in any way, and trading in bitcoins, ethereum, and other digital coins was illegal. at that time, the country did not have any law on cryptocurrencies, we didn’t even know whether we had the right to trade them or not. 4 years later, the situation has not changed much; there is still no clear regulation in this area.

iranian legislation is changing as the... there is a growing interest among the local population in digital currencies and their applications ; the ban on cryptocurrency mining has already been officially lifted in the country at the official level, and now iranians can legally trade them, provided that they have licenses from the relevant organizations. to mine digital assets was legal, you need to apply for a special license. after this, people can safely mine cryptocurrency in places, even remote from cities, where special sources may be needed. electricity, although mining of digital currency is already legal in iran, paying with crypto is not yet allowed. the essence of the main law in the field of cryptocurrencies is that nothing should replace the iranian currency real in transactions, that is , all major transactions within the country must be carried out with real, this is normal, that’s all countries seek to strengthen their national

currencies and reject anything that could threaten their stability. but as for transactions outside the country, here the use of cryptocurrencies is not only allowed, but even encouraged by the government. when, due to strict western sanctions, iran was unable to use the dollar and euro in foreign trade, digital currency came to its aid. last year, the market capitalization of digital currencies in the world was estimated at more than $800 billion, of which about 80 billion were in iran. according to experts, currently

with china and iran working to create alternative payment options for iran, whose economy has been hardest hit by western sanctions, cryptocurrency appears to be the safest operational option in a small-cap environment. i can't help but take mr. director seriously. good evening, mr. director.

donald tusk's office. he has already declared a new era. the sejm expressed confidence in the left-liberal warsaw to become the flagship of the eu and dramatically improve relations with kiev. in both directions.

flows, so let's not despair, worse there is always somewhere to go, it’s not for nothing that the great pole stanislav jazelec said: i finally reached the bottom, then there was a knock from below. this was an international review, see you later.

hello, he's coming back, oh , i missed you, skleposovsky, the city falls asleep, wakes up , eight new episodes, discharge, all seasons at once, an amazing person, he just has the talent to always be in the center of events, give yourself a gift for the new year now with klifosof watching before anyone else in the app or website. while still a schoolboy, ekaterinburg resident konstantin kozlovsky became a penalty taker computer competitions, our genius was talked about about him. a promising guy, known to these public. but kozlovsky put together a group of hackers who invented the lurg virus. the hacker group lurg was one of the most famous cybercriminal organizations that was involved in stealing money

from banks. here you can see that such activity is coming from russia and moscow, any roof eventually becomes a roof in another place, this is a whole plane, a whole separate plane arrived on the good of russia, how much money did the banks lose from the actions lurk grouping,

in accordance with the laws of our country, vladimir putin stated this, commenting on preparations for the upcoming presidential elections. the head of state held a meeting with the leaders of parliamentary factions, they also talked about how things are going with the implementation of the president’s message to the federal assembly, about the results of the work of deputies in the past year and about priorities for the future. of course, we also discussed the most sensitive topics of the year-end program with vladimir putin, which aired.