loading unloading from attacks from the sea from the air, therefore one of the most important tasks, well , depending on the theater, it may be another secondary task, or it may acquire paramount importance. during the first world war, it was the fight on communications, the protection of shipping, especially in the atlantic, that played a primary role, the soviet navy during the great patriotic war solved two main tasks, this was the protection of communications, the protection of shipping and landings , therefore. one of the main tasks , including in our planning, of course this task is taken into account, but if we do not take periods of military hostilities, let’s say calm ones, from whom do the threats come, this is not a state actor, a state actor, who is it? well, depending on the prevailing situation, the actors who act as a threat to navigation in this or that area of ​​the world’s oceans may also act as a threat to the state. structure or

non-state structure, which, well , we now have quite a few non-state structures that are not controlled by certain states, in principle these non-state actors, they solve problems unofficially of certain state structures, so it simply depends on the specific situation in this or that world, in this or that region of the world’s oceans, and in addition to the general international situation. there was a period when they were also covering for someone, or after all they were filibusters. in august 2022 , the international chamber of shipping declared that piracy off the coast of samali in eastern africa no longer posed a threat to international shipping, and the indian ocean had this year is no longer considered a high-risk area. since the nineties, somali pirates have acted predominantly...

increased in leaps and bounds, if in 2004 two ships were boarded, then in the period from 2008 to 2012 there were already 170. according to the un, in 2009-2011 , more than 500 attacks on civilian ships were carried out annually attacks, the record year was 2010, when more than 30 ships fell into the hands of the samalis. moscow university with russian

crew. he was liberated by the russian frigate marshal shapushnikov. one of the pirates was killed the rest were released onto the boats. according to a reuters investigation in 2010, pirates earned $240 million and caused $7 billion in damage. it was a very profitable business. there were rumors that the colonialists' castles were organized by the children and grandchildren of those who mastered samali and stayed to live there. their business, indirectly, the rumors were confirmed by the fact that almost always the pirates knew which ship out of a dozen of the same was more profitable to capture. the coastal towns where the oyraps sold their spoils grew rich, and the fishing villages grew rapidly. majority residents of the country believed that piracy was for the benefit of significantly replenishing the treasury. to protect the company, cargo carriers hired security firms, and insurance companies became rich due to increased tariffs. by 2008, the un had adopted

five resolutions dedicated to somali pirates, and naval ships from all un countries were concentrated in the gulf of adon to combat them. for the first time since the end of world war ii , they acted together. despite all these measures, the gulf of atan is still restless. you know, piracy is the first to exist historical evidence, this. pirates of ancient egypt, when, with the permission of the pharaoh , local residents robbed shipwrecked merchants, this was on an official basis, and the area of ​​​​piracy was the nile delta, then the phoenicians, greeks joined, the dawn of piracy - these were citizens in captivity, then he successfully solved this problem, well then the stormy dawn of piracy in the middle ages, and in the middle ages, pirates operated in the baltic, in the northern... centuries

in the caribbean, because this was the struggle of the colonial powers for the new world. a 17-18 century - this is the indian ocean , this is madagawara, this is the southwest of hindustan, this is again the persian gulf, why am i talking about this, because in all cases, the impetus for piracy was given, among other things, by states, government structures, and here this is a very interesting phenomenon privateering, yeah, privateers are private owners who arm their ships, receive a letter of marque from one state or another, and operate under a naval flag. on this basis, they move the ships of their opponents. the third was given to the spoils of the state, and two a third came from caperera, but the fact is that wars sometimes stopped and privateers during operational pauses simply engaged in robbery , no longer as privateers, but as ordinary pirates,

including the first attempt to create a russian navy is associated not with peter the great, but here was unfairly slandered by ivan the terrible, who in 1570.6, but there were also individual privateer raids until the end of the 19th century, so the state, in principle, it was state policy, including such a long life of piracy is connected with the fact that this piracy was encouraged

by the state structures of various countries, that is, we can modestly assume that now it is not without it, now it is not without it, this is the south china sea, the malach strait, this is madame wongu. there were five resolutions of the united nations organization on somali pirates and somewhere from the ninth year, from the eighth year , joint efforts of the international coalition began to be taken to fight the somali emperors, the fleets of all countries

, members of the security council, permanent members of the council participated security, nato countries alone carried out three operations, striking pirate bases, including missile attacks.

this is the malakh strait, this is the gulf of aden, the gulf of guinea, the southern part of the red sea, in addition, the approaches to the ports of brazil, venezuela and bangladesh, well, the main zone of operation, this continues to be the eastern part of africa, because the plane does not continue , the civil war is possibly continuing, which means that, well, now... the actions of the houthis gave a new impetus to the aggravation, this is not pure piracy, this is in general political goals are stated, at least legally, in our country, piracy of the eighth year on the high seas and

the eighty-second year convention on the law of the sea, we have article 227 of the criminal code, but this includes pirates, i’m just a little bit. i want to add, including warships and vessels during air combat operations that strike civilian ships of neutral countries, well, in this case. the sieve struck neutral ships operating under such flags of convenience, these are liberian, bohamian, bahamas, liberia, singapore, singapore , a total of 14 ships were damaged, these are ships that were transporting oil products and equipment to israel, so now the situation there is very difficult, attacks were carried out by cruise missiles, ballistic missiles, anti-ship missiles, including kamikat drones. heavy, yeah, well, the strikes were carried out only after careful reconnaissance,

identification of the flag, and after that a decision was made to strike, so the situation there has now sharply worsened in the red sea, thank you very much, thank you, and our guest was admiral sergeiv shavakents, the legendary credit card. free alpha bank forever has become even more profitable , get a supercake every month, dad, watch, it’s correct to say, look , no, that’s right, smart trio, three are more profitable than one in beline, techno comon 20 pro, communication accessory is 10,000 rubles more profitable than just smartphone, this is the permission, smartphones also need permission, belain is on your side, let's go.

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republic is one of the poorest in the world, although it has fantastic mineral resources, but instead of prosperity there are endless internal strife, fueled by used by external forces. the drc is an extreme example, but not the only one. africa's role in world affairs is growing, as is interest in it, but the problems of governance and development are no less acute than before. a very interesting event has just taken place at the higher school of economics. the first winter school for advanced training of civil servants in african countries in the digital sphere, civil servants are not just clerks, the level of ministers and advisers to heads of state from two dozen countries. we asked several participants. why does this particular area seem important to them? doesn't africa have more pressing problems?

digital solutions are complex and cross-sectoral in nature. there is no sphere where. africa will never become a full part of the digital world order debate until it has its own stake in the global digital infrastructure. now africa.

russia number one: africa has several reasons to strive for improvement. firstly, our goal is to ensure that all citizens have access to government services; this, among other things

, will increase the transparency of government work. moreover, to achieve the goals of sustainable un development for africa. is fundamentally important , and without digitalization this cannot be achieved, for example, with regard to creating jobs for young people, the reputation of the russian digital sphere in africa is very good, if you look at the ratings of mathematics schools in the world, the russian school is among the leaders, and for digital success you need brilliant mathematical knowledge, much of what is now worldwide comes from russia, not to mention the satellite system, one of...

the big question is regarding the digital id. on the african continent, 500 million people are undocumented. this is more than 40% of the population, mostly young people and women. it is clear that without identification they cannot receive the necessary services. cybersecurity is a big topic. according to various studies, problems in this area cost 10% of the gdp of the entire continent. just imagine how many hospital schools could be built on... the problem of the internet is what we call digital inclusion, everyone should be included, and this is even more important for people in rural areas and in remote areas, thanks to digitalization, they can significantly expand their capabilities, which cannot be achieved using other methods; we need to start literally from kindergartens, so that the youngest already have all the

necessary skills, this is the key to the future. technology, citizens enjoy freedoms and have the right to evaluate their government, but no one outside russia has the right to evaluate internal russian affairs. the same applies to zimbabwe. we are all guaranteed freedom of speech, but representatives of other countries do not have the right dictate to us how to develop. i can testify that african colleagues are very interested in cooperation with russia, so let’s share. christmas, as we learned from american commentators, is threatened by the houthis. the persians are friends of the houthis. besides, it's not christmas, but a holiday dedicated to them. nights of the year, fortunately it has already passed, so it will only get brighter, from tehran, yousef jalali. for 3 years now, iranians have not

gone to bed on the longest dark night of the year. it is also called the night of yalda. in iran - this is a holiday that brings joy and is celebrated by the whole family. this is a fairly ancient tradition. yalda is the winter solstice, after it the days in the northern hemisphere become longer and the nights shorter, iranian families gather together to eat, drink, socialize and read poetry until dawn, every year on the eve of yalda, hidieh prepares cakes and other sweets, she likes when family and friends praise her. من یک کارگاه شیرینی پزی دارم. i decorate my product so that it reminds me of this celebration, so when we make baked goods in the shape of a watermelon or pomegranate, i make it taste like them. yalda lasts only one

night, but purchases for the festive table are made in advance, there are a lot of people here at the capital's tajrish bazaar, people want to buy everything they need for the holiday, watermelons and pomegranates are in high demand, since they are an integral part of the celebration. the attributes of the holiday have arrived:

this is the eve of the birth of mithras, the god of the sun, goodness and strength on earth. mithra was born on the night of yalda to rid the world of darkness, that's why iranians don't sleep that night, they want everyone to leave sadness and that this tradition be preserved. the night on this holiday lasts only minutes longer than other nights, but it is a reminder that every minute is important for people when they are happy to meet their loved ones. this is a wonderful message that says that even the most...

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