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heavy artillery to leningrad. half of all the guns were german, the so-called short bruno howitzers. this gun fired 250 kilogram shells at a distance of up to 60 km. the other half of the guns were of french or czech origin. the most powerful of them is a french railway howitzer with a caliber of 400 mm.

its dome, overlooking the bay, was used by the germans as a landmark for their artillery and aircraft. total during the blockade in leningrad. low: the density of soviet anti-aircraft artillery in the city was eight times higher than in berlin or london, most of the historical buildings of leningrad were carefully camouflaged. work began on covering historical monuments, as they were covered, with thick wooden brushes and...

bags of sand or some other substance that protects them from rupture. in particular, we know that in this way three iconic monuments would have been saved, from my point of view, this is the monument to peter i, monument to nicholas i, monument to lenin. the city authorities did absolutely nothing to preserve the city on the neva, because as a result of the actions of german troops, including aviation, including artillery, not a single bridge was destroyed. smolny, for example, was not damaged, that is, from the point of view of cultural heritage, leningrad itself , which was under siege, was not damaged, there were only less than 300 raids on the city during the entire period, and the germans mostly dropped lighters, then they basically wanted to set fire to the city, they didn’t have it turned out that the so-called local air defense was organized, the girls were on duty on the roofs, why fill these lighters with sand, because the bulk of them were lighters.

just 4 km from the front, he did not stop repairing tanks and other weapons for a day. in november there were severe frosts. the heating system in the city stopped working. to keep warm, leningraders began to burn furniture, books, and dismantled wooden buildings for firewood. there are almost no food supplies left. when the flour ran out, the bread was baked from cake. bran, flour dust and pine

bark. products were issued using cards. during the hardest months, workers were entitled to 250 g of bread per day.

the soldiers will be fed, and this local population must delay feeding themselves, the hardest winter was the winter from forty-one to forty -two, the largest number of deaths occurred precisely during this period, including because the germans systematically, purposefully, tried bomb

food warehouses, although it must be said that in any case, no matter the most severe occupation, bread was given out daily, a small piece of bread, sugar was given out. it was always possible , there were days when up to 7 thousand people had to be taken out of their apartments by special funeral teams from the streets, well, these are terrible images of people who, in general, were essentially the same as in the concentration camps, exhausted, emaciated , but not giving up. funeral

teams in leningrad did not have time to bury the dead. on some days , people gathered at the peskarevskoye cemetery. 25 thousand corpses stacked in long stacks. of people, as a rule, they were buried in mass graves. according to various sources, during the siege in leningrad, from 800 thousand to more than a million people died. this is more than all the military losses of great britain and the united states during world war ii combined. why can't you give an exact number? the question is simply when it was collected. these funeral teams of those who died in the hallways, on the streets, in apartments, many did not have any documents, no identification, because we must remember that in leningrad at that time there were a lot newcomers, they were buried, taken in common mass graves at pekarevskoye, at the serafimovskoye cemetery, and they were simply unknown, these unknown and

unaccounted for, they probably make up these hundreds of thousands of dead, but i think that we can firmly to say that the losses of the civilian population of leningrad were simply due to hunger. already in the fall of 1941, stalin ordered to break the blockade of leningrad at any cost. in the east , near the city of shliselburg, the troops of the leningrad and volkhov fronts were separated by only 20 km, but they could break through the german defense without additional reserves...

hold on, hold on, hold on, hold on, pin down the leningrad volkhov front so that they don’t take a step to the left or a step to the right, on the contrary, to draw resources from the enemy, the enemy is still there from starvation in egypt. the only route connecting leningrad with the mainland was the waterway through lake ladazhskoe. already a week after the start of the blockade, the first barges began to sail along it. this is how the famous road of life appeared. its length was 30 km. in november,

when the lake was covered in ice, they took to the track trucks. they carried food to besieged leningrad and took civilians back . in winter, lake ladazh never froze completely. the ice often cracked, and the semi-trucks fell into ice holes. the road was constantly shelled by german artillery and bombed by enemy forces.

literally the road of life. in september 1942, soviet troops managed to recapture the neva patch from the germans. the operation was led by the new commander of the leningrad front, lieutenant general leonid govarov. he proposed a new plan for breaking the blockade, cutting enemy grouping with two counter strikes from leningradsky and volkhovsky. fronts in the south of lake lada, where the german defense was most vulnerable. knowing about

the impending offensive, the germans pulled all their forces to the neva patch, and the attack began 7 km to the north, near the village of maryana. here govarov collected all his reserves. soviet forces outnumbered german ones five times. january 18, 1943 blockade. a railway was built along it, called the “victory road”. along it to leningrad, tormented by hunger, they began deliver food, fuel and weapons. and the order was given to pave the road to victory, it was built in a very short time,

they were built under constant fire, there were areas that were completely shot through. there is even something called the corridor of death, initially only trains ran at night, and naturally its capacity was still higher than that of the road of life. comrades leningraders, the heroic red army broke the blockade of leningrad. fighters, builders on liberated land.

this is on the one hand, on the other, an army group the north, the german one , became weaker and weaker every month, the army group north was constantly being robbed, that is, hitler was constantly removing the most combat-ready units from it, that is, the army group was constantly being weakened, and the soviet troops, on the contrary, were strengthening. on january 14, 1944, more than 100 soviet large-caliber guns opened fire on german troops. on january 27 , 1944, the siege of leningrad was finally lifted. the red army reached the border

of latvia and estonia. the blockade has already been broken. lifting the blockade, it has already ended the lifting of the blockade, and it almost ended in a catastrophe for army group north, that is , then a blow had already been struck, they had already driven, they had already driven, the exit to the baltic states had already begun, that is, it had already begun non-stop, that is, already when we look at these offensive one offensive operation is already underway, a second, a third, a fourth, as soon as our military leaders learned to prepare operations, it turned out that the vaunted german military leaders...

in stalin's order of may 1, 1945, leningrad was first called the city of heroes. in 1965. this title was awarded to him officially, based on fortitude, resistance , the sacrifices that were made, yes, this is a unique case in history, it has never happened that a city of many millions

was under siege for 900 days, survived, withstood, and lost a million man, but did not give up, this was the largest moral victory, so i would probably put the defense of leningrad in first place, perhaps on a par with such fateful battles as stalingrad... belgium, italy, spain, the netherlands,

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today is 80 years since the lifting of the siege of leningrad, which lasted almost 2 and a half years, according to data announced at the nuremberg trials, 632,000 people died during the siege, but according to the latest information, the number of victims exceeds a million, most of them died of hunger, now our correspondents dmitry akimov and natalya solovyova are in direct communication from the city of hero of leningrad, they join us.