these were shots from the opening ceremony of the memorial in the gadchinsky district of the leningrad region, it is dedicated. knew their history and made the right conclusions.

mary page grew up in australia and had no idea what her polish-born mother, hania ptasznik, had to endure. my mother went to sherengi with her sisters, it was very cold, -20°. the baltic froze, suddenly people came running from the end of the column screaming. they shoot us and machine gun fire was heard. a wild outcry arose, girls aged 18-22, who had already experienced so much, realized that this is the end. the germans opened the ice with grenades in advance; they wanted to kill all the jewish women on the ice and then throw the bodies into the water. the tragedy

occurred on the night of january 31 to february 1 , 1945. a few days earlier, on january 27, soviet troops. liberated by auschwitz, they found 700 people in the last stage of degeneration, only skin and bones, but there were also 50 thousand prisoners whom the nazis considered capable of working for the reich, there are no ready-made stamps, that is, the final solution to the jewish question, adopted in january forty the second year, it assumes the final...

106 thousand soviet soldiers, officers of different nationalities, including mountain jews, natives of the caucasus, took part in the three-day assault. pilot, sergeant don badalov, attack aircraft, distinguished himself during the attack on nazi positions

on the baltic spit in april of 1945, this was the last period of the war, when the remnants of the nazis held out here and only capitulated on may 8. among the names of the mountain jews who distinguished themselves at connichsberg, there is one female name that cannot be ignored. tamara abramova zenichitsa went through the entire war from 1942 until from the caucasus to insterburg, now the city of chernikhov, kaliningrad region, covering the railway junction with her anti-aircraft gun. there are many names, many dead and many awarded. in general, it is interesting that such a small, seemingly professional group turned out to be, in general, very widely represented in east prussia in the battles of 44-45. after three days of stubborn fighting, by the evening

of april 9, 1945, soviet troops captured the royal castle of koeniksberg and were ready to completely clear the city of german troops, but the command knew that women and children were hiding in the basements, so as not to expose the civilian population to danger, it was decided to send three parliamentarians to the city commandant otto von lyash, the demands of the soviet side. the bunker itself, it has been preserved, in which the city commandant was sitting, so they

were able to get here at the moment of the ceasefire, three, yanovsky and fedorkovich pitalnik and conveyed this proposal, to which the city commandant vottylash responded with consent, and thus the city surrendered, but for a long time there was a blank spot in the history of the city and its environs; neither local residents nor historians... knew about the death march in palmnikin in january 1945, until martin bergau decided to tell the whole truth. in 1945 he was 15 years old, he lived in polmnikin and was a member of the local hitler jugend. these teenagers were tasked with catching those prisoners who survived the death march and managed to hide in the forest, and then escort them to be shot. the massacre took place in front of martin. i saw how

a deep ditch was filled with bodies, they were forced kneel down, and then they killed in cold blood, there were about 200 women lying there, then one of my acquaintances from the hitler youth shot into the pit where someone was moving, then the second shot, they probably thought they were showing mercy by finishing off the wounded, i was shocked. martin bergau did not kill anyone, but he stood in a cordon and for many years felt like an accomplice in the massacre in palmnikino. finally, in 1994, he released a book of memoirs: a boy from the amber coast, unable to remain silent any longer, just like that for the world for the first time. learned about the death march. after the assault

konexberg, soviet soldiers discovered a thirty-meter ditch on the baltic coast in palmnikino, in which there were 204 female bodies and 59 male ones. all were shot almost point-blank. the dead were buried in a mass grave near an abandoned amber one. anna mines, the soviets gathered all the men of polinkin, lined them up in front of the pit, on the seashore, in which the remains of these unfortunates lay, and placed two machine guns. this is how the german residents of polyukin also remember, and the soviet officers, a jew who spoke german well, said that we could i would like to do to you the same thing that you did to them, but we will not do this, we are different, and there was a different punishment for the residents.

there is a very interesting testimony here from the germans who were interviewed by the soviet authorities, gaines, piperent, born in 1920, a resident of polnikin then says that... he heard a lot of infantry shooting, but in the nearby bushes on the shore he saw many corpses of women and men, naked corpses had large marks on their bodies, which could only have been inflicted with boots, boots, clubs, perhaps this is part of these the unfortunate people from the blows from internal injuries were crushed like that, many were not, that is

, apparently people were beaten, i also spat how many corpses of people, mostly women, were thrown out to sea. the victims of the palmnikino massacre were mainly polish and hungarian jews. they were driven to konexberg from the stutkow concentration camp. it was created in 1939 on the territory of occupied poland, known for experiments on people and the production of soap from human fat. of the 110,000 prisoners who passed through the concentration camp, by the end during the war, only a few thousand young women remained in stuttgaff. old men.

until the last moment, the prisoners were lied to that they were being taken to pilau, today's baltiysk, and there they would be put on barges and taken to the rear for forced labor, but some believed, they so wanted to believe that after all the horrors of the concentration camps they would not be taken to be killed again, but in reality all this time, the commander of the oberschar ss column, fritz weber. i was thinking about how to destroy 7,000 people, it was almost impossible to talk from the fatigue of the snow, but we walked in the hope of surviving, then my my sister, she had dysantheria, she said that she would go to her mother, my sister lay down and they shot her, at times we received blows from

the guards, someone hit me with a butt and i lost my younger sister, she was 18 years old. the march was long, i looked around row after row, i kept believing, but i never found her. when night fell, i began to slowly move away from the column. i still don’t understand how no one noticed this. the massacre in palmnikin began on january 26 with a death march from koeniksberg and ended on the night of february 1 with a bloodbath on the ice of the baltic. and between these dates, a ray of hope appeared for the surviving prisoners to survive, but this was not destined to happen.

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before the war, köniksberg was the industrial and economic center of east prussia, a multicultural metropolis, home to the second largest jewish community in germany after berlin. the new synagogue museum collects documents that recreate the way of life of the jewish communities of east prussia given the uniqueness of this region. the jews who came to könensberg came from both the east and western countries such as

germany. but a permanent community emerged at the end of the 14th and beginning of the 16th centuries. then the future king of prussia, frederick william i, invited jews to his principality. their help was needed in reviving the economy after the thirty years' war; in the 18th century, a jewish cemetery and the first synagogue appeared in köniksberg.

it is known that the philosopher took a walk to kneiphaf at the same time, so townspeople could set their watches by it. but few people know that kant went there not only to work, but to visit his friend and like-minded person moses mendelssohn. in the very center of kneiphov island, the former street of bread shops, where a merchant of silk fabrics once lived. this is exactly the moment when his guests came to him. for several centuries, germans and jews worked together to achieve prosperity for the country to such an extent that some jews began to consider themselves germans.