we watch to understand the world. we’ll talk about migration problems on the american continent with an excellent specialist, nadezhda kudiyarova from the institute of latin america.

therefore, this formulation of the question is relevant now, but in this vein this question has been posed for decades, starting in 2001 after the attacks on the twin towers, in fact, then this issue of security of the southwestern border of the united states was directly related to migration problems. with the problems of protecting this border, in

this connection security and migration, this this problem has been living with us for almost 25 years, well, it has been living for 25 years, but now it turns out that it has really grown sharply, but why now is it socio-economic reasons or something else? these are socio-economic reasons, and this is the development of this migration system that has developed in this border area. because it also changes its configurations, there is a kind of constant - this is the border between the usa and mexico, but the structure of migration flows has changed over this period, i would say that now the third such stage in the development of this migration crisis, the migration process. well, we know from other sciences that the fourth is already terminal, so apparently we are approaching some kind of well, let’s not be pessimists. now they write quite a lot and

say that well, all the attention is on latin americans, but in fact in this flow it is by no means only them, this is a correct remark, but latin americans still dominate there, and i was just talking about several stages, if at the first stage it was absolutely dominance mexican migration, and this was actually a matter of bilateral relations between mexico and the united states. and this situation existed in the first, in the 2000s, and there were also peak indicators there, when more than a million mexicans crossed the border per year, then this situation began to change, immigrants from central american countries joined this flow, in fact, a crisis called the central american migration crisis is a phenomenon that we have observed since the mid -20s and 1900s... development

this crisis and brought in new elements, and these new elements lie precisely in the fact that other flows were actively involved in it, the fact is that in the second half of the 1910s, let’s call them that, there were two migration crises in the latin american space , which existed autonomously from each other, is in the north of central america. migration crisis, here is the mexican-american border, but in the south in south america there was a venezuelan migration crisis, the active phase of which was in the seventeenth, eighteenth, the nineteenth years, when there was an internal struggle in venezuela, and an internal political struggle, a deterioration in the security situation, an economic situation, a deterioration in the economic situation, active in the introduction of sanctions by the trump administration, which also had an impact. to the level of stability and

instability in the country, and millions, tens, hundreds of thousands of people began to leave venezuela, then... this crisis spread and was contained in the countries of south america, and these two spaces were conditionally independent of each other, that’s what we observe now - this is joining, including the venezuelan crisis, to this crisis development of the process that is observed in the northern part of america, so all the attention, naturally, is the united states, they are creating an agenda, in mexico, what is happening in this?

reception of migration flows, in contrast to the experience of south american countries, that is, immigrants did not go to mexico, no, no, that is, trotsky in this sense was an exception, mexico provided political asylum and there is no such volume, it is clear that people went to mexico, but they don't made up a seemingly significant , statistically significant component of the population in order to say that mexico is a country of immigration, because well... there is the history of argentina, the history of brazil, where in the 19th century 30% of the population, uruguay, argentina were migrants, this is not the case in mexico; at the beginning of the 20th century in mexico the population of foreign origin was no more than one percent. wow, this is

absolutely nothing in these days. yes, that’s why mexico should be a receiving country, despite the fact that it is an active donor, like all latin american country, this is a very difficult change to this model. and what we have been seeing since the middle of the second decade, when mexico, with great effort, began to become involved in the process of controlling migration, in the process of receiving migration, in the process of actively providing asylum, and for a country that did not have this experience, which continues to be an active migration donor, this is also a difficult experience, especially since from this period, it also became a country of migration transit, and this is a completely different role compared to when you you are engaged in receiving migration, or you are a donor of migration, being a transit country is also a specific framework, but they cope with this peculiar function, they

make active efforts, here too, within the framework, as if dera mexico stands in the position of protecting as if safe, humane and responsible migration, this is a thesis that is emphasized in every official speech by persons, but at the same time , practice shows that fulfilling these obligations is not as simple as we would like, in that number, because naturally, channels of illegal migration are channels. which are controlled by criminal groups , well, yes, this is gigantic money, this is gigantic money, this is a connection with drug trafficking, this is a connection with the illegal arms trade and with all this complex of criminal

criminal activities, well, from what you described, the prospects, let’s be optimistic , but the prospects are quite gloomy, because nothing... what could change to make the situation different? here again the question arises, who should change, because naturally, the problem for mexico is that this migration flow, which goes through , well, moves, conditionally moves, through mexican territory, they do not intend to stay in mexico, these are people who want to get to the usa, then the question arises about us politics, but us. in the same way, he puts forward demands for the mexican government to more actively protect the southern border of mexico and work with those migrants who appear on the territory of mexico, here too, let’s say,

tough methods, they are not not diverse, speech we are talking about detentions, about processing applications if applications for asylum are submitted. or the question of deportations, but again, at the very beginning i spoke about changing these formats for the development of the crisis, if at the beginning the migration problem was a problem... of the united states, from mexico, but when they appear, such a nomenclature of geography seems to expand, distances lengthen. and not every government where migrants come from is ready to accept them back, including, you said that

the composition of this flow has diversified significantly, who are detained in the united states are also detained in mexico, not in the same volume as of course in the united states, but last year, i think, i looked at the statistics, more than 600,000 were detained in mexico, that is, this is what is added to the statistics provided by the united states, both here and there. migration, that is, these political crises provoke an exodus of the population. well, as

the itinerant artists said throughout our lives. apparently, we will have to return to this topic again. thank you very much. in our nadezhda kudiyarova was a guest. mexicans are used to the us constantly hounding them about migration, even to the point of threatening draconian trade tariffs, as under trump, despite the agreement. under our current government, although it is called leftist, mexico does almost everything that is asked of it. it is unfortunate that mexico is subject to american migration policies on its own territory. this is not normal, the rights and safety of people who want to live better, therefore they seek to come to the usa are under threat, and mexico is not on the side the global south, which would be natural for us, but the north. neighbor, we do not have a tradition of a strong policy towards the united states, and this is very

sad, look at turkey, how skillfully it uses the issue of immigrant borders to strengthen its position in the dialogue with europe, we could also do this with the united states, i still wanted to, erdogans are not made, they are born. texas, by the way, because of which all the cheese is now , was part of mexico 200 years ago. is there anyone among the mexicans who is still experiencing the loss of territories today? yes, just a little 95 percent of the population, i think , of course, it was unfair, of course, this is still a deep trauma for us, although almost two centuries have passed, but there is a great fear of the united states, we are always waiting for a catch, when you are a neighbor of the united states, you always know that your freedom and independence are under threat.

and french settlers, the territory of texas became part of the spanish colony, but in 1821

mexico declared independence and considered texas its own, while the mexican governor allowed americans to settle there, who came from the north. the authorities expected that the settlers would pay taxes, but they did not intend to do this. slavery was abolished in mexico in 1829, sparking a rebellion. united states, disagreements resulted in a war, also called the texas revolution. the first battle took place in 1830.

the main thing, given their losses in this battle, is inconclusive. the settlers of texas, suddenly, from nowhere, had money and modern weapons. the very next year they assembled a well-armed army under sam houston's command. the decisive battle took place near the town of san jacinto. 800 texian soldiers surrounded the mexican army headquarters, shouting “remember allama.” defeated the enemy. general santa anna was, according to some sources , taken by surprise while resting in his tent, having ordered himself not to be disturbed. the very next day he was captured in the uniform of an ordinary dragoon. he was identified and forced to sign peace. mexico pledged to recognize the independence of texas and its troops retreated south of the rio grande river. soon texas was proclaimed

republic, but only 9 years later it officially became an american state. in 846 , the americans invaded mexico and took its capital. two years later, a peace treaty was signed, under which the mexicans were forced to cede not only texas, but also upper california, arizona and new mexico. as a result of the mexican-american war, the entire american south became part of the united states, including texas, which was annexed for debts to the united states. this is now texas - a symbol of resettlement from south to north; it all started with the reverse movement. 200 years back the flow was in the other direction, people walked in a fast stream for land, they had to accept mexican citizenship , why did i say citizenship, and this is a republic, they, of course, accepted it easily,

without any hesitation, that is, there was nothing special here usa patriotism. which prevented them from accepting mexican citizenship, they had to be formally catholics, and the state religion was declared in mexico, there was such a time, catholic, they even accepted catholicism, this is the most amazing thing, protestants and even from the new there was someone in england, then he was the son of a connecticut merchant, these are the descendants of the first settlers of the puritans, they accepted that same one...

the dictator santa anna abolished the constitution of 1824, the federalist constitution, tried to well, the country really lost, when to strengthen centralization of power, us settlers rebelled and declared the creation of an independent texas republic. here is the same lown star, the state of a lonely star, which existed, of course, unrecognized by mexico, for almost 10 years. texas - one of the largest and most significant states in america, in area it ranks second

after alaska, in population, second after california and it. inferior in terms of nominal gdp, while it is larger than that of italy, but slightly smaller than that of france and the uk. texas is the largest oil producer in the united states. in 2022, production amounted to 1.8 billion barrels per year. the southern state is also an important cattle-raising center and a major cotton producer. it accounts for almost half of all production. in recently, texas has begun to create attractive conditions for innovation. hewlett packard moved its office from silicon valley to houston, followed by companies such as tesla and oracle. texas relies on more than just its economic strength. it even has its own power system. there are three of them in the usa, the east coast, the west coast and separately texas. this has led to a serious crisis in 2021.

cold snowfalls provoked increased energy consumption, because its transmission between power systems is difficult. during the cold snap left texas isolated. frosts caused wind farms to shut down. in canada , their blades are heated, but in the southern state this is not the case. the compressor points of gas stations are also not equipped with heating, the cooling sensors of the local nuclear power plant also froze in the cold. this did not lead to an accident, but the station stopped producing current. previously, the lost capacity was replaced by coal power plants, but thanks to green policies, by 2021 almost all of them would go bankrupt. texas power grid teeters on brink, massive outages could spread to the whole country. it didn’t work out that time, but tens of thousands of residents of mississippi, oklahoma, missouri and arkansas lost electricity. among the creators of texas, stephen

austin, the same son of the merchant mozos austin, he became the first president, and the first vice-president, by the way, was a mexican, lorenzo dasawala, although he came from the southernmost region. region from the yucatan peninsula, these 10 years cannot be called direct preparation for entry, and one can imagine a different development of events, but that is, such a scenario was also possible, but unlikely, and of course, yes, of course , they entered, they were americans, they were also immigrants from the usa, in this sense they were american patriots, formally catholics and formally citizens of mexico, it is clear that all this did not create a desire to remain an independent country, great , of course, it is tempting to see in current

events the ghost of the awakening of the free texas spirit, yearning for freedom, but no, we are not talking about separatism, but about the principles of the federal structure, who has what powers, and about elections, of course, now everything is only with an eye to them, us the problem border. the budget version may be accepted, but in the house of representatives they are still saying that let the united states put to a vote a compromise , and they won’t even send it, it won’t pass. the europeans, by the way, gnashed their teeth, but approved four-year funding. the worlds are moving further and further apart, one in which large international players live, where the ukrainian issue is the most important and fundamental, as a mirror of the struggle for global dominance. the second is the one where french belgian farmers,

german railway workers or angry texas townsfolk, they have no time for ukraine at all, their mouths are full of their own worries. politicians are still mostly in the first world. but if it goes like this, they will have to move to the second, otherwise the hour is generally uneven. in general, please note to your audience, now you don’t need a visa to get to the usa, if any of the russians want to go there, go to mexico and cross the border from there, no problems. but you don’t listen to it, if anything, we don’t advise you to, write it down. it was an international review, goodbye.

hello, i'm boris sakinov, and i'm ole. panov

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fourth annual forum strong ideas for new times. the forum is aimed at supporting and implementing citizens' initiatives for the development of the country. the forum is implemented by the agency for strategic initiatives by decree of the president of the russian federation together with the roscongress foundation. over the entire duration of the forum , over 450 thousand citizens took part. more than 90,000 ideas were submitted to the forum. the forum is the place ideas for citizen initiatives to form. strategy and development of the country on february 19 and 20 , the best ideas will be presented to the country's leadership, follow the forum news at ideia.roscongress.rf.

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