hello, kirill byshinsky is with you, and this is the “typical novarusia” program. our name says it all, we are talking about the territory that has returned. to its historical roots, about novorossiya. with the help of a careful look at history, we will try to reveal the uniqueness of its present day, to find typical features, recognizable signs of the past. and that's what we'll talk about today. novorossiya, how the borders changed, but the spiritual community remained. what was created on these lands, why did they do it? part

of russian civilization, conversation with an expert programs. cities named after capitalists. enakieva. we never tire of looking to find in what in the 18th-19th centuries was called novorossiya, and today has become new russian republics and regions, traces of cultural, socio-economic and spiritual closeness with... great russia, traces of that common ground that, despite changing many times in the history of the border, continued to connect people in new regions with russia. this community has become a catalyst for many of today’s turning points and has led to the return to everyday use concepts of novorossiya. let us remind you that novorosiya is the historical name of the regions that became part of the russian region in the 15th century. empire following

the russian-turkish wars. they stretched along the northern coast of two seas - the black and azov. in the west they reached the principality of moldova. today these are the borders of odessa and nikolaev regions. and in the center in the north they covered the current zaporozhye, dnepropetrovsk, kirovograd and part of the kharkov regions. in the east are most of the current dpr and lpr. southern tip historical novorussia is crimea. part of the krasnodar region. the term itself was coined by catherine the great. by her highest decree in 1764, the novorossiysk province was formed. but it was not enough to conquer these lands. they still needed to be mastered. it is no coincidence that these territories were called wild fields for a long time. under the leadership of the largest administrators of the empire, fortresses and fortresses were built in novorossiya. cities and shipyards,

ports were built, plants, factories, mines and agricultural farms were created by merchants and landowners who received land on preferential terms. here neighbored. and then the nationalities, religions, and ways of life of the people who became colonists, settlers, and new subjects of the russian empire were mixed. the territories in which the main workers were residents of little russia and great russia were populated and developed by germans, greeks, armenians, jews, moldovans and numerous immigrants from the balkans. this created a unique mentality. inhabitants of historical new russia. it is based on the synthesis of different cultures, love of freedom, hard work, economic entrepreneurship the strong will of those who developed new territories. about how the borders of new russia changed, but its

spiritual and social community remained indivisible. in the story of anna efimova. novorossiya is a region where the colossal scientific, cultural and human potential of new russia has historically been concentrated. a wild field in record time, transformed into perhaps the most advanced and developed region of its time. novorusiya has an exact date of birth: april 2 , 1764. in fact, this year it turns 260 years old. previously small colony, novoserbsk settlement was transformed into novorossiysk province. by decree of catherine the great into it. the neighboring slavic-serbian province, the ukrainian fortifications and the bakhmut cossack regiment also passed through. for ease of administration, the empress divides the region into three provinces. these territories become a kind of springboard for the further expansion of the country to the south. after a series of russian-turkish wars and the annexation of crimea, taman and kuban to russia, novorossiya

now extends over a vast territory from the southern bug to the northern caucasus. in 1783 the province is abolished in its place by education.

the historical library houses a book that can safely be called the real chronicle of new russia. the fourteenth volume of a complete geographical description of our fatherland, perhaps the most ambitious and fundamental publishing project of the russian empire, was published in 1910 and

it is entirely dedicated to the region. geography, climate, cultural characteristics of local peoples, economic development, infrastructure projects, all this in one binding, the contents of this volume are dr.

they put the entire territory of novorossiya

and little russia and donbass into the ukrainian soviet socialist republic, in general , they laid all these mines for slow action , now we are generally fighting for these mistakes, it seemed, during the years of soviet power and the independence of the republics after the collapse of the ussr, the term novorossiya itself forgotten and will never return to circulation, in fact, it arises whenever the region begins to storm, this was the case in transnistria at the beginning of the... when the fourteenth military district referred to continuity and subordination to the odessa military district a combined arms army, subsequently transformed into an operational group of russian troops, that is, into our peacekeepers, this was the case in 2014, when it was the novorossiya project that united the parliaments of the lpr and dpr, it was frozen only because they believed the minsk agreements, the fact that this was a mistake is obvious today everyone, but learns from mistakes, although training is too expensive . anna efimova, valeritsa. "anastasia popova, typical new russia. about what

happened to new russia after the abolition of its name and changes in borders at the beginning of the 20th century, we will talk with our regular expert, historian and political scientist alexander vasiliev. sasha, good afternoon, good afternoon. sasha, novorosiya has always been a space of great social and government experiment. its borders changed very often, administrative, internal and external. how do historians deal with all this today? we can safely say that the first, so to speak, well, roughly speaking, there, there, a third of a century, yes, the first decades of existence - this is the era of these endless administrative changes, then by the beginning of the 19th century, in the era of alexander i, what is called, well, a classical administrative system had matured. we had three provinces, yes ekaterinoslav, kherson and tavricha, all this was

united into a single governor-general, why was this so, it was the territory of the springboard of wars with the ottoman empire, yes, that’s why it was, there was a sense that the person who he is responsible for everything here, yes, for everything, he commands both the military, so to speak, is responsible for military development, and civilians, yes, the most famous of these there governor generals, this is varontsov, but by the seventies already under alexander ii. the abolition of serfdom, russia was rapidly changing, everything, everything was changing, the authorities considered that this territory, it had already been completely developed, yes, that it was essentially no different from any other russian territory, so this institution of the general government was abolished , and the last administrative unit that existed with this name, it arose during the civil war, then the novorossiysk region was created as part of the armed forces of southern russia. yes, the term region itself is an administrative unit, and instead of gubernia , then for ideological reasons

, so to speak, this term was eliminated, and there you can also go on for a long time about how it fell out of use for a long time, there are a lot of sources that people on the ground remembered that this is novorossiya in the soviet period, then the fragmentation of administrative units, the regions that we see today have already appeared, and there is a strong opinion that novorossiya, well, in fact, was included in ukraine. bolsheviks, but this opinion is argued by those who argue that in general, so to speak, by the year 17, by the beginning of the 20th century, there was no longer any novorussia, there were only certain regions, that’s where about... you need to understand what novorossiya is, yes , this is not only an administrative unit, it is a historical region, with its own characteristics, ranging from climate and natural conditions and ending , among other things, with the ethnographic composition of the population, mentality, culture, we have the word novorossiya, it is after it

ceased to be an administrative unit , it exists, i would say in two guises, yes, it exists, firstly, and as a name, well, let’s say, for local brands, yes, what do i mean, the most famous of them is the novorossiysk coal mining society metallurgical and rail production of john hughes, yes , which gave rise to donetsk itself, from which a huge beautiful city grew, donetsk, in fact it began with a working village, and there were, for example, models of plows, some kind of villages, bicycles, well, agricultural machinery , which was called novorossiysk, and so on with this brand...

i wrote a lot and so on, that is, we see that locally, and of course, we open any geography textbook, any geographical reference book, until the seventeenth year, yes, and there in the thirteenth year a beautiful illustrated one was published there publication of picturesque russia, yes, that is, this term is present everywhere , everyone uses it, everyone knows it, yes, precisely as the name of the territory, and not as the name of the administrative units, so to say that when, so to speak, lenin had already reached...

it's fair, we live in historical times era, in the era of global changes , transformations, redrawing of not only administrative or even state borders, but in general people say, so to speak, there are philosophers, the structure, so you shouldn’t be surprised that there are some discrepancies, it’s important to say , yes, that for the first time in our memory in the context, because they started talking

about how yanukovych started the election campaign already next year in 2006, he officially started it in crimea on russia day, yes, that is, this is how it’s often talked about they forget, but that is it was such a direct appeal, everyone saw this simple electoral map, how the country was divided in half by such a diagonal, everyone saw that this diagonal and blue color, it’s not a tracing paper, but fundamentally it’s a historical new russia, so it’s absolutely today the term is correct, but people with...

appeared only in the second half of the 15th century to protect the southern borders of the moscow state. these were small defensive structures: fortresses, abatis with earthen ramparts. over time, the border outposts became refugees from little russia, foreigners and migrants from the center of russia will settle. in the middle of the 16th century, the first agricultural colonies were established here. only from the second half of the 19th century, when... more than 150 coal deposits were discovered in novorussia, military men and farmers were replaced by mining engineers and industrialists. their contribution to the industrial development of russia. was so significant that cities and towns began to be named after these people. so alchevsk appeared on the map, in honor of the merchant of the first guild alexey

alchevsky, yuzovka, present-day donetsk, named valeitsa john hughes, gorlovka, in memory of the mining engineer peter gorlov, and many others. at the end of the 19th century, engineer and industrialist fyodor enakiev built on the territory of what is now the donetsk people's republic. ironworks. during yanakiev’s lifetime, the settlement next to the plant and mines received his name. in soviet times , the city was renamed rykova, then bardzhinekdze, but already in 1943 its historical name was returned to it. about the contribution of fyodor enakiev to the development of metallurgy in donbass and about the city named after him. in the story of olga mokhova. the golden blast furnace on the coat of arms of enakiev is a symbol of the first blast furnace in the south of russia at the experimental iron-smelting plant petrovsky,

built back in 1858 near the sofievsky coal mine; it produced the first cast iron 4 years later. the enterprise, however , was soon closed, only in 1895, at the height of the industrial boom in the donbass, industrialist fyodor enakiev began construction of a new petrovsky plant on the same place in the village of fedorovka, since there was plenty of river water, which was necessary for the operation of parapower engines, gas turbines, a large amount of refractory clays that were used to form the basis of blast furnaces, the foundation, and of course a large amount of local deposits of coal and ores. fyodor enakiev was born in dinoburg, at that time this latvian city was part of the russian empire after... graduating from the institute of railway engineers in st. petersburg, he worked on the nikolaev railway, an excellent specialist, a smart business executive and a talented entrepreneur, he managed to convince officials

of the need for establishment in donbass russian-belgian metallurgical society. of course, it was impossible to do without foreign investment, so two belgian industrialists, oktovnev orban and oscar biya, were also involved in this project. the appearance of fedor and... was due to the fact that the government of the russian empire began to develop, develop concessions in the donbass, it was a concession boom. by the way, the work of belgian and french engineers at the enakiev plant was captured in his story by moloch alexander kuprin, an outstanding russian writer who worked here for almost six months an accountant in a carpentry workshop at a forge, this would be 1896, the time of construction of the metallurgical giant. it seemed as if some terrible underground revolution had thrown out

these countless piles of rubble, bricks of various sizes and colors, sand pyramids, hundreds of carts and thousands of people scurrying here like ants on a ruined anthill. in november 1897, the first cast iron was smelted here, and by 1901 the enterprise... began to operate profitably, and the workers' settlement grew from 3,000 inhabitants to 16. petrovsky plant became one of largest in southern russia. before the october revolution, six blast furnaces and seven open-hearth furnaces, two convectors and 11 rolling mills operated here. the basis of the product, of course, was rails, since at that time a railway network, railway communications were being actively built throughout the russian empire, and the rapidly growing rail metallurgical production was in great demand. production was hampered by the limited capacity of the then railways. in 1908, fyodor enakiev proposed and

defends the project for the construction of the severodonetsk railway. it ensures the operation of thirty sets of heavy trains per day between donbass and st. petersburg. in addition, it allows the russian capital to abandon heating with english coal, delivering it annually.

enatiev told the congress of architects in his book that it was necessary to build a metro in st. petersburg, both underground and above-ground metro, he was mainly a supporter of the above-ground metro. in 1911, enakiev became a co-author of the plan for perestroika st. petersburg, the following year his book about the transformation of the northern was published. her theses are still relevant today. fyodor yegorovich lived most of his life in the city on the neva, but in his will he asked to be buried in a small working-class village in the south of russia, named after him. in 1928, after the end of the october revolution, the civil war, by decision of the soviet authorities, the st. nicholas church, on the territory of which the yenakiev cemetery was buried with it, was demolished. in their place was built

agla factory, which... is now one of the main factories of the yenakievo metallurgical plant. yenakievo metallurgists, without their patron , survived the nationalization of the plant in 1917 and the shock of the civil war. only in 1925 the village of yenakievo received city status. even before the great patriotic war , the first soviet cast iron casting machine appeared at the enterprise. in total, about ten technological innovations were mastered here, which were later used by all soviet metallurgists. in 1949 at our plant for the first time in the ussr experiments were carried out to produce medium-carbon steel, that is, when the steel was smelted in a converter and they tried to blow it with pure oxygen. in 1952 , tests were carried out on a new smelting process, the so-called vacuum steel, which

was processed under before smelting... that's all we wanted to talk about today. kirill vyshinsky was with you. see you soon.

the announcement has already collected more than 60 million views, new information has appeared about vladimir putin’s interview with american journalist tucker carlson, what comments given in the kremlin? first there is snowfall, and then a sharp cold snap; cyclone olga is approaching moscow, which will bring heavy snowfalls in the caucasus due to bad weather. the electricity goes out and the roads are covered, what is the situation at this time? seven politicians are vying for the highest post in the republic, including the current head of state. early presidential elections are being held in azerbaijan. how does voting work? the sports anniversary today is exactly 10 years since the start of the games in sochi. how do olympic venues function now, and why? sochi is now not only a resort, but also a sports capital of the country? vladimir putin gave

an interview to us journalist tucker carlos, but presidential press secretary dmitry peskov today confirmed that the conversation took place and also explained why the head of state agreed to answer the american’s questions. he has a position that is different from the rest. she is in no way pro-russian, she is not pro-ukrainian, she is rather pro-american. but at least it differs in contrast from the position of these traditional anglo-saxon media. we receive many requests for an interview with the president, but mostly, when it comes to the countries of the collective west, we are talking about large online media, traditional tv channels, large newspapers, which cannot boast of trying to at least look like it.