confederation in the fall of '89, because this program was, it was a confederation, it was not a single state, the program was designed for 10 years, and it was not a program of a single state, it was like closer relations between two sovereign states, not even a union state, this is what we have with belarus, so there were chances, different chances, well, probably a thankless task. evaluate what was good, what was not done very well, what was done in this heap, in another key european country, poland, their passions for ukraine, farmers are rebelling after the truckers, demanding to protect them from ukrainian dumping. prime minister donald tusk, a passionate defender of the ukrainian cause, even allowed a complete cessation of commercial traffic.

one of the reasons for general discontent is the extension of duty-free trade in agricultural goods with ukraine. this means that ukrainian goods can be sold in europe at much more favorable prices. i don't have good news. polish beekeepers are represented in the structures of the european union by the polish chamber of honey, which protects distributors and importers more than us manufacturers. ursula vander was one of the largest supporters of the free import of ukrainian goods into europe.

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now, which scares the whole world, that everything this is really threatening. for the entire time of the ukrainian crisis, perhaps the most direct warning to nato countries from the lips of the russian president. the more acute the confrontation, the more pressing the issue of nuclear deterrence. 2 years ago it was difficult to imagine how literally it

you will have to interpret how frivolously they will treat him. it’s amazing how, for example, just yesterday a very high intellectual spoke on french television. flight, which a specialist in philosophy, religion, and quite seriously discussed nuclear war and said that one should not believe putin, that...

at the same time, restrain possible negative consequences and prevent a nuclear full-fledged nuclear

war. when the soviet archives were opened in the nineties and it became clear what ideas they had, including soviet military, it turned out that the general staff - the armed forces of the ussr, did not expect any kind of game at all. but the creation of the bomb itself did not mark the beginning of nuclear deterrence. in the beginning, it was simply

perceived as a high-power weapon. however, the thesis that the main task of the american armed forces should not be victory in a nuclear war, but its prevention appeared already in the mid-forties. it was nominated by a yale university fellow, bernard brody. believing that the united states will quickly lose its monopoly on the atom. yes and happened. just 3 years later , the soviet union tested a nuclear bomb. each side tried to test its weapons in conditions close to combat, and although the period before the caribbean crisis is perceived as a time of dominance of us nuclear forces, practice showed a contradictory picture. american maneuvers with desert rock nuclear weapons were demonstrated during a training exercise at the tot test site in the ussr. that, despite its destructive power, atomic weapons do not guarantee the destruction of

the enemy’s armed forces, especially if he is ready for such scenario, and the korean war confirmed the theory that modern jet fighters can shoot down most strategic bombers before they reach their target and complete their mission, so in the sixties there comes an understanding of the political role of nuclear weapons, rather than the military one. us secretary of defense robert moknomara introduces the term “assured destruction”. this means that the enemy will not enter into a conflict, knowing that a crushing blow will follow, especially when by the end of the sixties both sides achieve nuclear parity. begin negotiations on the gradual reduction of arsenals. by the end of the eighties, they were reduced by eight times, but in the mid -seventies, as technology grew, the idea of ​​​​precision strikes appeared. or, as it was also called, beheading, when there is a chance to be the first to destroy

the enemy’s leadership. the new concept was presented by defense secretary james schleisinger. it later developed into the euromissile crisis due to the deployment of pershing in europe, and then into a treaty on a complete ban on short- range missiles. and only with the onset of detente, after the collapse of the ussr, us secretary of defense william perry proclaimed the transition to a mutual doctrine. guaranteed safety, but as practice has shown, not for long. at this point , nuclear deterrence already exists between india and pakistan, but there is also a mechanism of nuclear... holding a weak state against a strong one, demonstrating to the aggressor that even if he achieves his goal, he will pay an unacceptable price for it, this is the concept that north korea adheres to. very often we are faced with a situation where we slide into such ever greater confrontation, politicians

hope that, well, some limited amount of funds will be enough to... frighten, convince the opponent , convince the enemy, as a rule, this turns out not to be the case, and this is where this phenomenon of creeping uncontrollable escalation comes from, encountered - repeatedly throughout history, but we are talking about conventional weapons, yes, if we are talking about great powers, then with conventional weapons, if we look at the largest war of the second half of the 20th century, and this the iran-iraq war, chemical weapons were used there and the dynamics were exactly like this: at the beginning, iraq used chemical weapons, relatively speaking, on a limited scale and rather for symbolic purposes, and gradually it expanded, expanded the use of weapons of mass destruction. this is a bit of a stupid question, but what are the general

restrictions on the use of weapons of mass destruction? of course, there are also... figurativeness, to what extent this will really have some practical effect, but probably another important factor that influences politicians, leaders, this desire to leave some ace in the hole, the fear that if we now use everything we have, then the confrontation may

continue, the fight may continue, the enemy will not be destroyed, then we will remain, so to speak, without... additional means of influence, well, recently there was just a panic publication, a certain simulation game showed that artificial intelligence, give it free rein, is ready to easily use nuclear weapons, after all, it turns out that there are no moral restrictions maybe, at the end of january, the bulletin of atomic scientists, an association founded in 1945 by oppenheimer, einstein and other prominent scientists, moved the arrows. doomsday clock at 90 seconds before midnight, showing that humanity is closer than ever to the apocalypse, the reason was the rapid growth of breakthrough artificial intelligence technologies, which today are actively used for military purposes to assess the reality of the threat, a team of scientists from the georgia institute of technology and stanford university developed

a video game with a simulation of war, during which there are five neural network models. had to make decisions on behalf of the state in the event of cyber attacks and real invasions, while neural networks performed a variety of actions, from diplomatic visits to the use of weapons, the results are disappointing, all five neural network models are prone to escalating a conflict with the use of nuclear weapons, for example gpt4 base during games said that many countries have nuclear weapons, which means they need to be used quickly. trying to explain why he thought it was right to go to escalation, the chat bot cited the example of the opening scene of star wars episode 4, a new hope, and gpt 3.5 indicated that the enemy's nuclear capabilities pose

a threat, so a nuclear attack should be carried out against them. as reported by futurism. the us military has been investing in artificial intelligence technology for years, using computer algorithms to make independent decisions in complex situations. last year, bloomberg reported that the israel defense forces were using artificial intelligence recommendations to selecting targets for airstrikes, as well as calculating the required ammunition and creating an attack schedule. intelligence proposes a goal, and the operator checks and approves it. the use of such a mechanism is not regulated by law either in israel or internationally. according to the guardian and loocal hall, tel aviv used these technologies for carrying. in the gaza strip during the war with hamas, this still goes back to the discussions in 2000 regarding drones,

because it was said that in drones there is a kind of moral weapon, because a pilot, a pilot of an ordinary plane , he is in danger, therefore he behaves more carefully, the one who bombs there from a quiet shelter...

based on one very basic assumption that we are talking exclusively about conventional weapons, about weapons on the field pain. the problem with artificial intelligence, probably the main thing is that when we program this intelligence, solving some specific problems, we can quite unconsciously put into it those of our psiposes that exist.

performer of a wonderful song: do they want russian wars, then everything turned out differently, but for the future there is no need to rule out anything, yes, we know how to fight, but we don’t want soldiers to fall in battle again, on their sad land, ask your mothers, ask my wife, and you then we must understand whether the russians want,

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does she really read minds or not? premiere? anna ostrovskaya investigative committee. she has special gifts. who do you look at all the time? well, here is a girl standing in a scratch. maybe this dream of mine is somehow connected with this matter? and do you know who the killer is? yes. just watch without amateur performances. stay in place, don't move. for some reason i believe you. ann medium, watch it first in the app or on the website.

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the russian army carried out 23 group strikes on ukrainian formations and the military-industrial complex in a week; among other things, the production of drones and arsenals and fuel bases were destroyed. they repulsed over 100 attacks, zelensky’s formations lost almost 7 5 more soldiers, mercenary officers. 39 tanks were destroyed, including the american abrams, as well as about 80 other armored vehicles, 97 self-propelled guns.