why were the ukrainians so confident that avdiivka could not be taken by the enemy, who was firmly entrenched ? it was hard.

everything on almost every floor took a long time, from the beginning of the assault to the end of 7 days, well, that is, in the real sense, very quickly. welcome to asia, where the heart of the continent beats.

the public transport fleet in russia continues to be updated, the regions have enormous development potential, and one of the most obvious points of growth is increasing the mobility of citizens. we'll tell you how the system is being modernized throughout the country. right now. from the united, let's go! every year , buses, electric buses and trams transport more than 10 billion people in russia. the most popular type of public transport is buses. let's start with him. russians transport more than 135,000 buses, among the tasks facing the government and regions is to ensure the possibility of convenient and comfortable movement of modern passengers. transport. for example,

the volgograd region purchased 136 volgabas 5270 g4 buses. they are low-floor with automatic transmission, adapted for people with limited mobility. equipped with video surveillance, air conditioning, air and heating systems. for the convenience of passengers , cashless payment terminals are installed in the cabin. it is noteworthy that new equipment is produced in volgograd. orders ensure the capacity of the volgabas group holding plants. by the end of 2023, the company produced 1,200 buses of various classes; volga-baz group enterprises are trying to make maximum use of products from domestic manufacturers. currently the share russian components exceed 60%. liaz is one of the largest enterprises in the moscow region. more than 2,500 people work here. among them , ilya, the chief design engineer, was born and raised in... graduated from the bauman moscow state technical university,

he always wanted to implement innovative ideas that were in theory in practice, so he decided to return to his hometown and work at liaz. the priorities when developing buses are always high passenger capacity, low operating costs, ease of maintenance, while the driver must be comfortable. in likino dulyova, all transport vehicles are produced using a conveyor method; an important feature is cataphoretic priming. body, which is extremely rare on large buses all over the world. this is necessary to protect parts from corrosion. serial production of the city max-12 will begin here soon. a large class bus can accommodate 114 people. there is an increased width of doorways and aisles between the seats, which means it is easier for people to get in and out. the salon has air conditioning, multimedia screens and wi-fi routers. this is a completely new car. it is made using. all modern technologies

that are currently available in our country, while the diesel and gas versions will use a completely new yams 537 engine, this is an engine of increased volume and power, which... will improve the consumer quality of the car. the likeni bus plant takes part in the implementation of key federal projects, including helping regions resolve environmental issues related to translation bus fleets using gas engine fuel or launching electric bus routes. on march 31 of the previous year , a program of special treasury loans began operating in russia. regions can receive loans for infrastructure projects for up to 15 years at 3% per annum. at the same time, the main debt is paid only from the third year of using the funds. for example, thanks to this program, more than 800 lias buses will arrive in cities. another addition to the family of urban vehicles is the city max 9 - this is a middle class bus.

it is collected in the city of pavlovo, nizhny novgorod region. the localization level of components exceeds 90%. due to the use of innovative materials, it is significantly reduced. noise level. the new exterior ensures a complete absence of blind spots for the driver. spacious, comfortable interior, low floor area, 10 m2 is the largest in its class, no steps at the entrance, which usually get in the way. enlarged doorways, all this makes it easier to speed up boarding and disembarking at stops. very good ergonomics, a huge number of different niches, boxes for drivers' personal belongings. very good adjustment of the steering column, large. ranges, well, in general, the comfort of the workplace is excellent. such buses already operate in kologa and tula-nalchik. pavlovsk bus plant is a leader in the supply of middle-class vehicles to the regions under the special treasury loan program. almost 3.00 units of equipment were purchased throughout the country. in recent years

, small class buses have also been in demand in the regions, especially in small towns and rural settlements. one of the models is produced by gorky automobile plant. city bus gazelle city. the main advantage is the low floor level, which makes boarding, for example, passengers with strollers easier. at the same time , such transport remains compact and maneuverable, which is extremely important in a metropolis. this minibus is equipped with a spacious double door, a folding ramp, and space for a wheelchair; it is indispensable for working on routes with low passenger traffic on narrow streets, where it is more difficult for transport to operate. class. how are the cars different? first, they are all collected in conditions conveyor, which means a high level of quality. secondly, we develop all the cars ourselves in our engineering center , taking into account the requirements of consumers, and in this case we have two consumers:

the carrier and the passengers. the gorky automobile plant is also participating in the public transport renewal program with the help of special treasury loans. it is extremely important that it does not only apply to big cities. but for medium and small settlements, where there is a great need for modern and high-quality buses. we are in last year we produced about a thousand of these cars under this program, all the cars that we produced under this program corresponded to the climatic conditions where these cars will be used. the company has its own engineering center, more than 580 industrial robots are involved in the assembly, and there is a level of automation in key areas. 75%. all the parts are here, there are more than 300 of them in a body element, they are all stamped and welded here using gas. the frame is made on gas, axles, axles, engines, gearboxes gear changes, all this is done on gas. russia is located in different

climatic zones; rotational buses are used to transport passengers in northern conditions. these unpretentious and hardy cars are not afraid of off-road conditions. extremely low temperatures long route lengths, for example, in the magadan region , kamas brand rotation buses are used; at the beginning of 2024 , the bus fleet of kolyma carriers was replenished with three new vehicles that will be used for intermunicipal transportation, in the krasnoyarsk territory, passengers will be transported by a bus based on the ural chassis. along with updating passenger transport, it is important to make the profession of a driver more popular. for the past ten years, the ministry of transport of russia, with the participation of rosavtotrans, has been holding an all-russian competition of driver skills, including the best bus driver. the next competition was last year. over the course of 3 days, 55 participants from 35 cities competed for first place. the most unpredictable module was the comfortable

driving module. to carry it out in the salon a glass of water was placed on the bus. the most comfortable driver was determined by the amount of liquid that did not spill. it was assessed in the competitive procedure. so to speak, knowledge of the technical part of buses , respectively driving skills, that is , passing some kind of obstacles, this is... moving a stop, stopping in the right place, so to speak, not dropping passengers inside, alexandra belova from cherepovets took part in the competition, she has been working at the municipal unitary enterprise auto column 1456 for 6 years, i got behind the wheel for the first time in 2011, now i drive a mas-103, i can repair my own vehicle and give any mechanic a head start, the park enterprise where alexandra works also buys new cars, a convoy. 1456 has already received 67 new gas buses, plus 34 low-floor buses

of the nifas brand using gas engine fuel are expected in the near future. russia has huge potential for updating its bus fleet. let's move on. electric buses are the transport of the future. their development has a number of advantages. in addition to the obvious benefits for ecology is the improvement of the transport network, the creation of new jobs and... technological progress. for several years now, moscow has been setting the trend for a new type of public transport. electric buses, russian regions are beginning to learn from experience. the largest manufacturer of this type of transport in russia is kamaz. it assembles cars at two sites in neftekamsk in moscow. in the capital, at the svars plant, it is the sokolniki car repair and construction plant. the kamaz 6282 electric bus is designed for 80 passengers. works almost silently harm to the environment. minimum. the first such electric bus appeared in moscow in 2018. empty bodies come from

neftekamsk to moscow. here they are equipped with battery modules, a current collector and a fully equipped interior. workers install seats, glass railings, video surveillance systems, handrails, and external and internal lighting fixtures. the salon is heated entirely using electricity. this made it possible to make the electric bus an environmentally friendly mode of transport not only in production, but also during operation. here. the power reserve has been increased to about 100 km, the climate system here has been completely modernized, it is completely electric, that is, inverters are installed in the cabin, the lighting is also such a small plush, such an adaptive light, it is so warm and gentle before lunchtime, and after lunch it switches in the cold, today moscow is the number one city in europe in terms of the number of electric buses; testing began in the capital last year. another type of transport, a modified version of the one already familiar to us gazelle city from the gorky automobile plant.

the customer was mosgortrans. the first electric minibus gazelle e city, designed for 12 passengers. on one charge it can travel approximately 150 km. such mini-electric buses are already running around moscow. there are already about 120 city routes in moscow on which electric buses operate. for 2023 they were committed. 135 million trips. by 2030, the capital's fleet will consist of 5,300 such vehicles. other regions are adopting the trend of introducing green buses. for example, by the end of the year st. petersburg will purchase about 100 electric buses environmentally friendly transport can already be seen in the krasnoyarsk territory, yaroslavl, kursk, nizhny novgorod and not only. this is how the fleet of electric buses in russia is gradually being renewed, and we are switching to... another type of public transport. the development of electric transport,

especially trams, is one of the effective methods of reducing the negative impact on the environment. the mini tram began production in 2022 in the city of vorsma. this is a joint project between russia and belarus. more than 90% of components are produced in these countries. nizhny novgorod is one of the founders of tram traffic in the country. in terms of the length of lines, the capital of the volga federal district is among the top five cities in russia. mizhekotrans is a russian-belarusian enterprise for the production of electric transport. this is where the minin tram is produced. the name is an abbreviation of two cities. minsk, nizhny novgorod. it all starts with the frame, the assembly is transferred to the frame. next comes packaging and installation of electrical equipment . final interior finishing, and the final stage is installation

car on a bogie, its testing, running-in, during which we check its technical characteristics and then transfer it to customers. the cars use anti-vibration cushion technology. the service life is designed for 30 years. trams are produced especially for the region with a unique characteristic feature, which continue the line of nizhny novgorod industrial design. installed on all of them. developments of the gas automobile plant. the production employs more than 170 employees. in total, nizhikotrans will supply 170 cars for nizhny novgorod. together with that work is underway to modernize the tramway. networks of the city, they plan to replace almost 150 km of tracks and repair three tram depots, daria nikolina works in one of them, she was a lawyer, but decided to change her occupation. i’ve been working as a tram driver for 8 years, the ninth year, when i was sitting at home with a small child, when he was born, i live not far from the depot, i thought,

why don’t i try myself here in this, i went, learned, daria says there are a lot of lawyers, but there are no tram drivers, now she drives new cars, daria was the first to travel on the line on the minin tram in 2023, the trains are very different from the previous ones, much simpler, and even more comfortable, an incredible feeling, of course, because the car is completely different, but new, warm, comfortable, easy to drive in principle quite simple, the first 2-3 weeks it seems to me, well, we walked around the car plant, i have the twenty-second route , which i worked on, at every stop, not only at the stop, from all the cars, there were phones, cameras, me they were constantly filming, i thought that everyone had me the automobile plant is probably in your phone, in march in kursk a new route number one was launched, the kursk bearing company bread factory,

lion trams run on the line, production of pc transport systems, it is modern, energy efficient, environmentally friendly and elegant. new generation city car. the first passengers were a mother and daughter. sofia turned 2 years old on march 1st. they decided to name one of the new trams after the girl. before the launch of the route, drivers specially went to st. petersburg to pass education. elena khamayka has been in the profession for more than 25 years; she was one of the first in kursk to sit behind the control panel of a lion cub. we had both theoretical and practical training. there is more comfort. both for the driver and for passengers, our passengers have been waiting for our such transport for a long time, i think that our city of kursk has also deserved such transport for a long time. in addition to trams , new electric buses run along the streets of kursk. they arrived in the regional capital in december, thanks to the national project for safe, high-quality roads, the city fleet was replenished with 10 electric buses

of the camas 6282 brand. in 2020, the russian ministry of transport was launched. systemic measures to support regions to renew their public transport fleet. electric transport has also been modernized since last year. kursk is one of the first regions included in the new program. its financing is carried out at the expense of federal and regional budgets, loans from the russian federation and private investments. the program is being implemented on behalf of the president of the russian federation. the goal of the program is to update the electrical transport in the regions of the russian federation. 10 regions participate in the program. and from krasnoyarsk to krasnodar, now we will go to izhevsk, where for more than 10 years there has been a project for the deep modernization of tatra t-3 trams, made in the czech republic. the potential of the carriage itself is quite serious, allowing us to consider a second life for them. the ishgor electrotrans enterprise decided to take advantage of this. the carriage is changing beyond recognition;

all that remains of the classic carriage are the tram bogies. here it is undergoing extensive repairs, restoration, replacement axles, many components are replaced, but it is being repaired , the body is being replaced on a new one, made with modern materials, modern approaches, the new modification fully complies with the requirements of modern rolling stock , a completely different body is assembled, which is equipped with electrical equipment, thus creating a warm, cozy car, in which you can even recharge your phone or connect to wi-fi, the level of localization of details... work immediately, that is, terminals, while a conductorless system is already being installed ; a feature in the city of izhevsk is that the terminals are not just reading, they also have a printing device, and this is our fundamental approach related to the fact that a person has a paper ticket on his hand,

the company has already modernized 10 trams for izhevskaya and 17 for goldenmouth. can completely refurbish 20 cars per year. deep modernization of rolling stock is one of the development paths that allows cities to quickly update their fleet. the result is a car with a service life of at least 15 years old with all modern characteristics, while it is two to two and a half times cheaper than new. they decided to remember the past in the northern capital, st. petersburg, since december 2000. the davlatov retro tram has been running for twenty-three years, the exterior of the car is made in the style of the legendary lm-57 tram, chrome bumper headlights, rounded corners of window openings and...

artificial intelligence. the active safety complex is based on russian developments. they include a driver monitoring system. the tram will stop if the driver will lose concentration or if there are obstacles in the way. the cabin has an interactive window, screen, white nights with navigation and travel information. this installation, by the way, shows all the sights of our route number six. well, it might as well be on route three. 40 installation all historically important objects that are of interest in our city, everyone is grateful that vasilyevsky island finally received such

magnificent equipment, but i think that these the carriages will already disperse throughout the city in the near future, so only smiles and gratitude. the only manufacturer of retro trams of this type in russia, ural transmash, is located in yekaterinburg. specialists developed it. taking into account the infrastructural features of the northern capital. basically, all parts are produced in the ural federal district. in addition, some elements are produced in barnaul and nizhny novgorod. the tram bogie, main components and assemblies are made by ural transmarch specialists themselves. in design the possibility of passing a radius of 14 m is included. there are practically no such tram cars in russia, these are individual features, specially designed for it. nufimsky electric transport

everything was designed for production at the enterprise, another large manufacturer is the tram-trolleybus plant on the basis of activity design production. and repair of trams, trolleybuses and electric buses. for example, trolleybuses for citizens are assembled here; they are made in a modern design. everything looks decent, from the interior to the exterior. at in the manufacture of cars, advanced technologies for painting and anti-corrosion treatment of the body are used. there are no many consumables generated during operation, the pads wear out less, that is, there is correspondingly less various waste. citizens in trolleybuses. the possibility of autonomous travel with a driving range of up to 20 km is provided; the estimated cabin capacity is up to 102 seats, depending on the configuration. for a serial product, we

receive a vehicle body kit from the republic of belarus, which we equip with serial traction engines from pskov, heating systems from saratov, that is, in fact, the whole country is engaged in supplying parts for our cars. the largest delivery of last year was to novosibirs, among others. cities of bradsk, novokuznetsk, penza, ufa, khabarovsk, plans for this year to increase the production of low-floor trolleybuses from 300 to 400 units. the ufa tram and trolleybus plant has existed since 2015 and was created instead of the bashshkir trolleybus plant. at that enterprise, and now at this one, entire dynasties of specialists work, among them valery and lily sukharevs. they met back in 1982, they worked in the same brigade. electricians, together they raised their daughter aigul, who decided to become a mechanical assembly mechanic and also chose this plant for herself. initially there was a urtz plant

, it’s on stepansky turn, then it was renamed btz bashkir trolleybus plant, then it eventually closed, and after that it opened, they opened this plant, well, i met my wife there, then my daughter came to another... there are now seven development support programs available to regions public transport, two of them are lysine with state support through the state transport leasing company. since 2020, a public transport renewal program has been in effect as part of the national project safe, high-quality roads. let's say, if a large class bus stops today. very well, about 18 million rubles. then under this program it is possible to receive a subsidy of 7.5 million, which is simply deducted

from this cost of the car. bus, participation in the russian ministry of transport programs made it possible to launch transport reform in the city, if a couple of years ago transportation was carried out by minibuses in a chaotic mode, now the entire route network has been transferred to a regulated tariff with new rolling stock. carriers no longer compete for every passenger, but work

according to a clearly structured schedule. the situation was helped, among other things, by the approval of transport planning documents. work in the regions to plan transport flows and routes taking into account residential development of industrial zones and recreation areas was launched several years before the start of systemic support measures and is the main condition participation in transport renewal programs. thanks to the implementation of the national project for safe and high-quality roads, over the past 4 years , more than 5,900 units of public rolling stock have arrived in the participating regions. transport. in each city, buses, trolleybuses, trams and electric buses have their own unique visual design. in kursk, for example, passenger transport is green, in belgorod - blue, in perm - red, in nizhny novgorod - orange. in addition, new vehicles arriving in cities under the national project branded in accordance with its corporate style. the main distinguishing sign is this logo: safe, high-quality roads. in 2024, work to update

transport. will continue, over 7,400 buses, trolleybuses, electric buses and trams will be delivered to the regions of the country, of which almost 3,000 have already been delivered to the regions. and public transport in our country is becoming increasingly popular, and as russian president vladimir vladimirovich putin recently said, people choose it as faster and more economical. in russia only by buses, trolleybuses, trams, annually. more than 10 billion people are transported, the president of the country has set the task of rhythmically updating equipment to reduce the average age of the public transport fleet throughout russia. an additional 150 billion rubles will be allocated from the federal budget to update public transport in russia. thanks to this, by 2030 the regions will receive about 40,000 buses, trolleybuses, trams, and electric buses. not only large-scale projects.

renewal of public transport in the regions, but also give a powerful impetus to development industrial production, as a result , new jobs and the development of related areas, for example, metallurgy, chemical industry, electronics production, and most importantly, the quality of life of people improves, because travel on public transport becomes more comfortable and safer. it is clear to everyone that russia is not a country of gas stations, russian digital solutions. lead to a new height, there are prospects, ours are more brutal, yes, ours are more brutal, there will be more than exactly what the zither helps, you are incomparably original in your questions, what’s wrong with production in general, raw materials, exports, what it is, our product.

he called on people to come to the polling stations and exercise their rights. what statements were made? and the readiness of polling stations for remote voting and the work of observers is possible.