the french military industry is not ready for a high-intensity conflict, the president of the fifth republic stated this in an interview with local channels. emmanuel macron said that back in february 2022 he asked the military-industrial complex to significantly increase production output . assistance to ukraine, because there are

valuable resources important for france. the latest statement by the head of the fifth republic seems to reveal the true reasons why paris is so concerned about the situation in ukraine. political scientists are now writing about this. about future plans anastasia popova will tell about the elysee palace. the french president allocated only half an hour to communicate with journalists, so he was immediately asked the main question that has worried the french over the past weeks.

there is no chance of winning because 90% of the weapons and ammunition that ukraine has been using since the beginning of the conflict comes from europeans, americans, british and others. only macron is lamenting everything to no avail. the counteroffensive did not go as planned, the situation on the ground is very difficult, the ukrainian armed forces are suffering heavy losses, often one to one ten. european industry is not capable of producing as much as kiev asks. for now, paris intends to look to buy ammunition in all countries of the world who are ready. will sell them to him, at the same time he will convince his european colleagues to go to a-bank, because for europe, according to macron, this is a proxy war for survival. macron’s action can hardly be called convincing, almost 80% of the french are already against sending troops to ukraine, and in general the level of support for this entire military adventure among the residents of the republic is stable falls, hence the corresponding comments from those who watched the interview, one of the most popular, if macron really wants it, then let him go to ukraine. and fights himself.

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a manuscript is better than the spoken word, print is better than a manuscript, a tablet is better than a printed book, perhaps this logic, the technologies of progress are fair, although the new, especially in the past, was very often perceived too warily. what is paper versus numbers today, how relevant is this confrontation still, and is the ambulance exaggerated?

death of traditional, paper, pleasant tactile publications? the history of book printing in russia is counted from this book, in the book museum , in the main library of the country, access to it is free, and not only stored under glass, but in principle, any citizen of russia can order it in the reading room, touch it like this, absolutely so, from we have several possibilities, we digitized it and...

the acts of the holy apostles, the gospel of luke is the most important text for divine services, so why

is the report coming from it, it’s all about the afterword by ivan fedorov. typographer outlined all the facts, who sealed it, when why, according to the command of ivan the terrible and the blessing of metropolitan macarius. the names of these printers themselves, st. nicholas the wonderworker of gostun, deacon ivan fedorov, timofeev. steslavets, these are the printers who created this first apostle. the pioneer printers prepared several hundred copies of the apostle for a whole year, here on nikolskaya, for many centuries, it is the main book street, or the street of education. the first printed book appears here in the center of moscow almost a century after the gutenberg bible, but no one this does not count as a lag. well, then europe also lagged behind china, where this technique was known many centuries before, everything had its

time, it came to russia in the middle of the 16th century, then the moscow state became centralized, the kazan khanate was annexed, and more and more sacred texts were needed , unified without errors, and we document that in this place, on nikolskaya street , the printed work was destroyed, it had to be restored after the time of troubles. the printing house did not catch fire and the yard moved to kremlin after.

who had printing, one of the latest inventions, after all

, 100 years at that time was not a long time. the historical museum houses an old copy of fedorov’s machine, six times smaller than the original. the first russian typographer used all gutenberg's innovations, including a press that came from winemaking, but added his printing in two approaches, when the red cinnavario elements were first applied to the same sheet, then printed. it still delights modern researchers, every letter is visible, but the print is not immediately supplanted handwritten books, which were common for a couple of centuries, in the digital era the processes are more technologically advanced, but all the forms have long been invented, even our leaflets, which it would seem, are not very similar to a book where you need to turn them over, are very reminiscent of

ancient egyptian scrolls in general, it was necessary unfold it like this and... then wrap it up like this, wrap it up, wrap it up, i think that a printed book will serve as a source of inspiration for a long time, including digital works. one of the most advanced printing houses in russia is loaded orders from publishers. the printing does not stop for a minute. albums, textbooks, business literature, high-quality hard copy, which. the consumer will be very pleased to hold it in their hands so tightly. the publishing house wins over readers with exquisite bindings and covers; individual texts are brushed by hand; books with painted edges are popular. gift editions never go out of style. there is a tendency to increase the number of book titles. even if circulation falls, the number

of titles increases. and these books printed in one of the oldest printing houses in russia, she. was founded by publisher ivan sytin a century and a half ago. a large number of books that educate our people about other regions of our country. this is one example. all cities from kaliningrad to vladivostok. great russia. this kind of literature will always be in demand. there are more e-books, fewer paper books, this has been a reality for many years. printing houses survived the crisis both during covid and after the introduction of sanctions. the shipments arrived quickly enough, let's say, from the east, from the eastern direction, this is china, this is india, this is iran, so yes, i had to work, yes , i had to get used to it, yes, i had to test dozens of materials, but i hope that you, as a reader, are at the book level shelf did not feel a change in the quality of the book, to say that someone came up with it, everything

is fine with me, no, to say that someone stopped and because of this it does not work, no, well, you have to live with this, what? the paper positions that are clearly not going to sell out soon are art, culinary, and children's albums books, of course my children have already grown up, my grandchildren have not yet appeared, but it seems to me that even if i suddenly read an e-book, i definitely won’t give it to a child, but i will take this kind of book, which is well designed, which is pleasant to take in hand, nice to touch, somehow in this segment, i have great confidence. the portfolio of this small publishing house includes texts for adult readers, this impressive volume, for example, became the book of the year in 2018, won in the art of printing category, here is the book the death of arthur, by thomas mellery, it was one of the first, not the first, but one of the first books printed in

england, in 1465, that is, literally. the first printing presses just appeared, on the basis of this book the entire arturian literature exists, but their main specialization is children's literature, here are two timeless books of jokes for the little ones with illustrations, they were drawn by yuri alekseevich vesnetsov, in 1971 they were first published, within two his books were awarded the ussr state prize, and they are still very popular. contemporary children's authors and artists, yes, there is competition with e-books as well, it’s great that we have published a book of russian proverbs and sayings, i’ll also just show you, with beautiful illustrations, if you look at last year, the decline in the paper market in general in terms of circulation is 20 %, and the growth of the digital market is the same 20%. the volume is still

far behind the numbers, it seems to me that this is just development and this tree is about... will continue to develop, that is, it will have a branch like this, a branch like this, that is, a digital branch, a paper branch, everything will exist together, what ivan fedorov looked like is unknown, they only knew that he tied his hair with a braid, a monument from 1909 in the theater passage, rather a conventional image, the first printer from moscow, according to one legend, fled after the monastic scribes burned the printing house, according to another version, he calmly left for the grand duchy of lithuania. letters and correspondence between fedorov and ivan the terrible have been preserved, where he asks ivan the terrible for permission to take all these.

several generations of children learned to read and write using the first primer. in front of us on the very first sheet has wonderful ornaments designed by ivan fedorov, the alphabet itself from the first to the last letter. it’s clear that we won’t find this in ivan fedorov’s alphabet, malorama’s mother, but we will find here, naturally, these syllables, syllable-by -syllable learning. all of their books, handmade art

, are printed on antique equipment; the rare book publishing house in st. petersburg revived these technologies in the early nineties; a german press from the 19th century was saved from being melted down. text printed on such machines has a completely different sound, a different energy, manually typed text on... copies, for example, libretta of balletto pint with sketches by shimyakin. here they turn out to sing a duet, like domingo spovorote. shimyakin and pyotr leshcheikovsky. here is

the hand of pyotr ilch, and this is the hand of mikhail shemyakin. this book can be seen at an exhibition at the armitage, which opens on may 21. book by vasily terkin. a piercing knife, a compass, and a wartime eraser. lefalianta, words about igor's campaign, the colligrapher came up with the author's

font based on the old russian charter. book entirely written by hand. the old russian font ustav, here i stylized it, and the twelfth century, it is more modern, simplified, i use a wide pen. because each page is still typed , printed, for alice, for example, which i am printing now, it turns out to be about 2.5-3 days

for a full cycle of one page, typed text, printed, gutenberg’s inventions, later fedorov’s machine made it possible to disseminate knowledge and teach everything more people are literate, numbers also made texts more accessible, electronic publications are cheaper, they are convenient keep. but it’s already clear, even though paper is being pushed out of circulation, the value of familiar books has only increased, a book is still the best gift, but not one that can be downloaded, but one that can be leafed through in one’s hands. a real legend is immediately visible, it is almost impossible to touch it, but only... not for you, this is your legendary alfabank credit card. order a free credit card with a whole year without interest, receive a superkick

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