with a complex flood situation, of which 3.00 were in orenburg, where a large part of the city went under water due to a river flood. the water level in the urals will continue to rise today and may flood about 1,500 more houses, the forecast was announced by the authorities of the orenburg region. on other rivers in the region the situation has stabilized; in orsk, water left 1,200 houses. the situation is difficult in the tyumen region, where additional places are being prepared in case of evacuation. higher in the flood zone.

in kurgan, the strengthening of the embankment continues to protect the city from high water on the river tabol, under threat of flooding, the right bank part and the city center. in the capital of the region, the arrival of pavement is expected in the coming days. water levels are already declining in two counties. the head of the russian ministry of emergency situations, alexander kurenkov, arrived in the altai territory. he will check how work is being done to eliminate the consequences of the flood and what assistance is being provided to the population. together with governor victor. the head of the department inspected the sunken areas from the air. on march 30, a regional emergency was introduced in the altai territory. according to the latest according to data, three dozen residential buildings and more than 100 private plots remain sunk. as a result of ukrainian shelling in takmak, zaporozhye region, eight people were killed, two of them children. 13 were injured in the hospital, the head of the region, yevgeny baletsky, reported. residential sector with

apartment buildings, our correspondent anton stepanenko is now in direct contact by phone from the zaporozhye region, anton, greetings, what information do you have by this hour? hello, yes, indeed, the total number of civilians in the city takmag killed by the kiev, kiev regime over the past night increased to eight people, late the night before, ukrainian troops launched an artillery strike on a residential area of ​​the city, the attack hit... three apartment buildings, six people died immediately, more than twenty were injured , during the analysis of the rubble of fire extinguishing, a fire that lasted all night, cases were discovered, unfortunately, of two more dead, uh, a total of eight people, two of them children, were hospitalized with injuries of varying severity, more than 15 people, not counting those who were helped, doctors provided assistance on

the spot, now, yes, the fire has been extinguished, the removal of the rubble continues, unfortunately, it cannot be ruled out that the bodies of other victims will be found under the collapsed, destroyed buildings, a total of 25 private sector houses and nine houses in the multi-storey sector were left without gas, well, now repairmen are carrying out restoration work, in the near future there will be gas...

almost went broke on bets in a casino, for the sake of the main role in the play viktor shuralev lost more than 1 ruble in gambling, actor admits that to this day he is sometimes not averse to trying treacherous fortune, i understood what the point is, what the point is, but otherwise how can i understand it? if i, that i succeed, will

deceive the audience, i will talk about some mythical money, about mythical losses, the play liturgy of zero is staged based on the novel by fyodor dostoevsky. a young teacher alexey ivanovich in germany became interested in going to the casino. for the sake of easy money, he is ready to put everything on the line, love, position in society, and his own reputation. you know, that i love you, allow me to speak with passion and demonstrate with this permission your contempt for me. dostoevsky's world-famous novel is partly an autobiography. the writer was addicted to gambling, losing everything to the last penny. according to one version , he pawned not only his personal belongings, but even his beloved’s jewelry in the pawnshop; the thirst for easy money destroys both the souls and family ties of the main characters, forming a vicious vicious circle; on stage they seem to be looping around

the roulette wheel of a german casino. the plot takes place in baden-baden, which famous for its mineral springs. obviously, for the sake of completeness, the scene is present. as part of the federal program of large tours, the alexandrinsky theater also presented a one-man show, notes of a nervous host on the bashdrama stage. ufa also hosted a lecture by dostoevsky and the theater and

an exhibition dedicated to the history of one of the oldest theaters in russia. i want to thank, well, for the fact that we did this quite quickly in... several leading theaters at once as part of the alexandrinsky days here in ufa. our cooperation, it is today works only for the benefit of the residents of our republic, and i think these tours will remain in the memory of the residents of our capital for a long time. thank you very much. at the press conference that took place before... with the performance, an agreement was concluded on further cooperation between the ministry of culture of the republic and the alexandrinsky theater. alina zinatulina, salavat valeev, lead bashkartystan. next is an advertisement, and then watch a documentary about the angara family of missiles. the first launch of heavy

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is preparing to open a new page in its history. right now, active preparations are underway for the first launch of the angara a5 heavy-class launch vehicle. in april 2024 , the new rocket will launch for the first time from a new launch pad, at a new cosmodrome. all previous angara launches. were carried out from plesetsk, an exciting moment for all involved. how the new rocket and the new arion upper stage perform will be shown by the seventh test flight of the angara family of carriers. perhaps none of the domestic missiles has caused so much heated debate. some experts called angara the future of russian cosmonautics and the killer of elon musk’s falcon 9. others are the most important long-term space construction project in the world. and an obsolete rocket before it was born. which one of them right? the answer to this question requires

a balanced approach, because any launch vehicle is a reflection of the time in which it was created, and the angara project started in a very difficult period that followed the collapse of the ussr. on september 15, 1992 , a state competition was announced on the theme of fayton, this was the working name given to the future rocket; according to the plan of the interdepartmental expert commission , it was supposed to replace the heavy proton carrier operating on toxic fuel components, heptyls and amils, that is, a new the rocket was initially conceived as environmentally friendly, environmentally friendly -

the best project for such a rocket was proposed by specialists from the khrunichev state center; the company committed itself to creating a whole line of light, medium and heavy class launch vehicles, and this is not trevia. tasks, usually a carrier of a certain class has its own infrastructure and launch pad built, for example, the soyuz-2 rocket, on which our cosmonauts are now flying, it is impossible to launch a proton from the launch pad; on the contrary, a proton cannot will take off from the union's launch pad, but the hangars are designed differently: any rocket of the family is assembled from ready-made universal rocket modules or urms , each 25 long and weighing 130 tons. they are a complete structure consisting of an engine compartment, tanks, oxidizer and fuel. in

the first second stage of khangara , type one urm is used, the upper one is urm-2. the number of universal modules in the first stage determines the load capacity of the angara. how can you produce from the parts of a giant construction set in an assembly shop from urm? carriers of different classes. you need a two-hundred-ton rocket, you take it and add it. mountain a3. for its time, this was an advanced design idea; for example, now the modular principle of building rockets is actively used by spacex. here it’s good to compare, say, with musk, if you look at his falcons, this is exactly the same approach, yes, that is, a modular approach with

the construction of a carrier, according to the so-called package scheme, well when. periods of the paper process, and those periods were just work, getting at least some that is, 10 years is absolutely normal funding from the state. as time passed,

plans changed; initially, they planned to assemble four types of missiles from universal modules at the khrunichev center. light class hangar 1.2 with a lifting capacity of up to 3.8 tons. this is the youngest rocket in the family, consisting of only one module. but out of three urms they wanted to create the angara a3. this is already a medium- class rocket with a payload capacity of 14.6 tons. as you might guess, the heavy angara a5 was supposed to consist of five modules and be launched at reference orbit 24.5 tons of payload. well, finally, the eldest in the family was supposed to be a7 over. however, the khrunichev center eventually decided to abandon the seven-module rocket; this is a specific class of launch vehicles. super-heavy rockets could, for example, take astronauts to the moon, but russia had no such plans in the nineties. subsequently , the middle-class angara was also abandoned due to the start of work on the soyuz-5 carrier. they and angara a3 compete in the same

weight category. therefore, in roscosmos considered that there was internal competition between launch vehicles. need not. today, there are only two missiles left from the entire family, this is the light hangar a1.2, for loads of about 3 ton, and the heavy hangar (a5), these two missiles have been brought to flight tests, now they are being launched in order to undergo flight tests, certify the rocket for launching some commercial payloads there or on some topic in the state. first test launches of both light and heavy versions the hangars were carried out from the plesetsk cosmodrome, owned by the russian ministry of defense. for this northernmost cosmodrome in the world , an unusual launch complex was built, its main distinguishing feature being unification. the modular construction principle allows for the production

of light, medium, and heavy class missiles. and this brought it. to the idea that the launch complex should be unified, and it is called usk, a unified launch complex, from the same launch complex, you can to launch the light-class rocket angara-1 and the heavy-class rocket angara 5, and this has already happened. the first launch of the light version of angara 1.2p consisted of. july 29, 2014 . in 21 minutes of flight, the rocket successfully covered 5,700 km, carrying a mock-up payload weighing about one and a half tons. and already on december 23 of the same year , a heavy version of the angara took off from the plesetsk cosmodrome. again. the three-stage rocket

, a seventeen-story building tall and weighing 750 tons, smoothly crossed the surface of the earth. the first stage separated at 209 seconds of flight and fell on the ground in a deserted area of ​​the kome republic, the second at 341 seconds, the debris collapsed in the impenetrable taiga of the tomsk region, and the third stage departed after 735 seconds and fell in a non-navigable area of ​​the philippine sea. at 18:00 moscow time, the angara upper stage again delivered the satellite model exactly to the planned orbit. in total , six test launches of angara-type rockets took place, three light rockets and three heavy ones, all of them were considered successful, this is not a typical story for the world cosmonauts.

there in front of the amazed eyes of the world, and then, yes, it’s a wonderful rocket, arena-5 turned out well, but this is how they had it, and we have six successful launches - this is a good result. and during the tests of the angara a5, only one incident has occurred so far, and that was not the fault of the developers of the rocket itself. during the launch on december 27, 2021, the new perseus upper stage, created at rsc energia, was unable to enter the desired orbit. a rocket, well, any rocket, including the angara, a heavy rocket, it first launches a space warhead,

a space warhead is a space apparatus, transition system, upper stage, the orbital block enters the reference orbit - this is a circular orbit, approximately two closed 200 km around the earth, this is already a spacecraft, transition system and upper stage. which vehicle needs to be launched into the target orbit, this task is solved by the upper stage. rocket designers are superstitious people, they claim that it is too early to talk about the high reliability of the launch vehicle, for this you need to collect statistics, conduct at least several dozen angara launches, but its anatomy, that is, the internal structure, makes it possible to judge the qualities that the new rocket has. now you are seeing fire tests of the rd-191, this is the most reliable

rocket engine in the world. the temperature in the combustion chamber reaches 3,500°, even higher than in furnaces for processing refractory metals. it is very important to ensure quality in a rocket engine, because this is colossal power concentrated in... to a relatively small mass, and the processes of accident development in it proceed very quickly, to retain this power in this small mass, this is the task the designer faces, the specialists of npo energomash coped with this task brilliantly, it’s nice to watch how smoothly and even gently the powerful engines lift the heavy hangar off the ground. hangar a5 is when there are four sidewalls of the universal missile module in the middle of the fifth. so the four sides are like the first stage, and the central block is the second stage, the rocket flies first on the sides, the engine of the central block

is throttled, that is, up to 30% of the nominal thrust up to 27% of the nominal thrust saves fuel, then when the sides fall off, it is forced to the nominal mode and the rocket continues to fly, so to provide such a wide control range from... 27% to 105%, here is the ptz, this was a unique task we have been given. at that time , there were no ready-made solutions to this problem for high-power propulsion engines. the designers had to rack their brains a lot over the new engine control system for the angara. 'cause when we throttle deep, what is the effect of starting off in third place in a car with a manual transmission? speed from a standstill or into fourth, that is, everything shakes, everything trembles, all the torque is transmitted to the transmission, which is not intended for transmission, for

starting, we have the same thing, when we go into deep throttling, the differences in the injectors decrease, the temperature in the gas generator decreases, and the engine begins to operate unstably, so to ensure its stable operation in this mode of deep additional dispersal, and it is sufficient long in time... for this it was necessary to come up with a new control and regulation system, to include special commands in the cyclogram to ensure stability of operation in this mode. and as a result , specialists from npo energo mash managed to create a motor that, in its technical capabilities, surpasses all existing liquid rocket engines of a similar class. rd-191 is the successor to the oxygen-kerosene engines of the rd-107 family. created for the legendary space energy system buran, its height is 4 m, weight 2200 kg, thrust 212 then. the big heart of the new

rocket is being created at the chemical automation design bureau. the entire procedure is almost completely automated. on a rolling mill , a workpiece, a nozzle shell, and a combustion chamber are obtained from a sheet of metal, without stamping or welding. preparation from a sheet using this sheeting machine using pressure rollers. it is rolled out with rollers onto the frames that you see here, so from a sheet 12 mm thick we get blanks 6 mm thick. this treatment allows you to avoid even minor deformations. the accuracy is absolute. in addition, combustion chambers made in this way are lighter than those made using traditional technologies, which means the engine itself weighs less, which directly affects

the cost of the entire launch. one rd-191 engine is installed in each universal rocket module of the first stage of the angara. but the upper stages of the carrier of this family have their own fiery motor. rd-0124a, the latest and in many ways unique development. at the moment this is the most highly effective oxygen-kerosene liquid rocket engine in the world. for upper- stage engines , the efficiency characteristic, that is, the specific one, becomes significant. turned out to be at the required distance from the destination, but simply one with greater efficiency, spending less fuel, the other, with less efficiency, spending more fuel. our friends from the kbha, then, accomplished their

task brilliantly. the developers of rd 0124 managed to squeeze out of it the maximum efficiency that is generally possible for oxygen-kerosene engines. thrust in vacuum is 30 tons of force, specific thrust impulse is 3.522 m/s. experts say that the world's best rocket engine manufacturers, even spacex, will envy such figures. by the way, in their falcon 9 rocket they use a head fairing made of composite materials; it is about 20% lighter than the standard aluminum one. composites are the main trend of modern rocketry, that is, they have reached parameters and characteristics of these composites that they could not even dream of before, but now have developed composites with these.

characteristics that allow composite materials to compete with, well, steel. the final estimate is the payload. the payload will be greater, yes, if you use a composite. only two missiles in the world currently have lightweight head fairings made of composite materials: the american falcon and the russian hangar. moreover, russian designers began using this elegant solution 5 years earlier than elon musk’s company. by the way, now we are. experts are working to additionally lighten the angara's head fairing. i ’m telling you about this for the first time today, which means that on an initiative basis in the center of krunishche we have developed our own lightweight head fairing of a new generation, this is a young group of young scientists, young designers who have not only administratively developed, but we are also manufacturing this head fairing ,

then we will see at what stage. we will conduct natural tests on it. the latest achievements of science and technology are actively used in the production of hangare. to to verify this, just look under the skin of the new carrier. there are several powerful computers installed there; electronic brains control absolutely all rocket systems. the most important thing about the control system is the accuracy of launching the rocket and launching the space warhead to a given point in order to minimize. continue to use the energy characteristics of the acceleration unit of the spacecraft themselves; if we get to the point that we have not accurately deduced, then the spacecraft will consume its fuel, thereby reducing its life cycle of being in orbit. with a modern control system, the accuracy is much higher and the accident rate is lower. by the way, there is also a modular principle here, that is, a unified control system if necessary.