next we will see at what stage we will conduct natural tests of it. the latest achievements of science and technology are actively used in the production of the angara; to be convinced of this, just look under the skin of the new carrier; several powerful computers are installed there at once. electronic brains control absolutely all rocket systems. the most important thing about the control system is the accuracy of launching the rocket and launching the space warhead. point in order to minimally further use the energy characteristics the upper stage of the spacecraft themselves, if we reach the point inaccurately deduced, then the spacecraft, it will consume its fuel, thereby reducing its life cycle of being in orbit with a modern control system, the accuracy is much higher, and the accident rate is lower, by the way, this is also included modular principle, that is, to a unified control system if necessary.

universal rocket modules are transferred to a control and testing station, where they undergo electrical tests. the flight was determined by the head enterprise in the manufacture of the angara. new equipment, cnc centers, pneumohydraulic units, electrical discharge broaching machines, mobile coordinate measuring machines for friction welding installations were installed in the workshops. every success

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the silver foil, a delicious chocolate layer, inside a beautiful, perfect, plumbeer, airy, natural. happy mick carries a silver bullet in the heat of july. a credit card is beneficial in any situation. interest-free period of 120 days begins every month, and service notifications are free forever. that is why the credit card is the best in the country. apply for a credit card , everything will be the way you want. of course, we tried to purchase the most modern equipment, because everyone understands the prospect that this product will last for many years and we would not want to return to some kind of production issues during the process of mass production, change

equipment, shut down workshops, and so on. all this is necessary for mass production of the hangar, at the same time reducing its cost, the final price of the new missiles. should be about 4 billion rubles, this is significantly lower than most competitors; by the way, there are only four of them, which is how many heavy-class carriers are used in other countries of the world, rockets with a carrying capacity of more than 20 tons are considered as such. in terms of payload, the leader in its class is the american delta fu heavy. a rocket with a height of 71 and a launch mass of 733 is capable of launching into a reference orbit. up to 28.7 tons of cargo, another one is in second place carried by a heavyweight from the usa called vulcan. its characteristics are also impressive: height 62 m, weight - 547 tons and load capacity of 27.2 tons. next comes the chinese changzhen-5,

this is the heaviest rocket in its class in terms of mass. with a height of 57 m, it weighs as much as 867 tons. nevertheless. the carrier from the middle kingdom is capable of launching 25 tons of various cargo into space, which is 500 kg more than the maximum carrying capacity of hangar a5. however, the russian heavy rocket is 2 m shorter and 94 tons lighter than the chinese one. well fifth place occupies the brainchild of elon musk's company falcon 9ft. only 22.8 tons of payload with a launch weight of 549 and a length of 70 m. at first glance, it seems that angara and falcon are absolute outsiders among heavy rockets, but in fact the opposite is true, these are the best carriers in their class in terms of price-quality ratio , the difference of several tons when launching various spacecraft into orbit

does not play a special role, what is much more important is how much money it costs, so one launch of a hangar costs around 100 million dollars, but this is several times cheaper than the chinese rocket and... musk for being musk. everyone wants to work with musk, this is obvious, we all understand, but i’m not even talking about the premium that the brand receives, it’s a brand, and its price, of course,

is two times lower than that of russian heavy missiles, and times four are lower than those of european american ones, so it is impossible to compete with it, for this you need to do something completely different. elon musk can be respected for his ability to play for all the money. at one time, he took a risk and invested in the project of a reusable rocket with a returnable first a step that can be reused. on this path, the eccentric billionaire suffered failures more than once, but still achieved his goal. the falcon family rocket is now the most technically advanced machine in the world. our hangar is fundamentally inferior to them in one thing: it is a disposable carrier. however, when the russian rocket was being developed, no one could even imagine that many would appear. private satellites and space internet projects such as starlink and one web. and to launch them into earth orbit , a reusable launch vehicle will be required, capable of carrying out several dozen launches per year. the angara rocket was developed in the nineties, in the 2000s the project

changed a lot, but the rocket that is now being brought to flight tests and for use for flights with a serious payload is a project of the 2000s, and is reusable. elon musk spacex is a development of the tenth years, in the future we see that both chinese developers and other european and american developers, they all strive to make partial gas systems. therefore, angara is one of the most modern rockets for russia, but in world practice it is inferior to the previous generation relative to spacex rockets. but despite the use of advanced technological solutions, falcon 9 also has its drawback. the problem lies precisely in the returned accelerator. well, there really is no such clear answer. often with these comparisons.

the payload sent into low earth orbit using the falcon 9 and 2 will exceed 15 tons, which is approximately one and a half times less than that of the angara. if you shoot into the sky as usual and don’t wait for the booster to return, then musk’s rocket can launch almost 23 tons into orbit. by the way, one and a half tons less than the heavy russian one. but what elon musk’s rockets have and what the angara family doesn’t is the ability to maneuver between conventional and reentry launches, depending on the task at hand. if you look at those launches that are implemented by mask, in some

cases there is a preference for more useful load on the load, yes, than return a stage, yes, he has such combined options, when, say, two stages, the first one is returnable, one stage, no, not returnable, yes, which is narrower, that is, here somewhere on the edge we are working, to say that here in accuracy for all... all all payloads, this is precisely the approach that is the most rational, no, it’s impossible, apparently, for such massive launches it ’s worth it, but for launches already, well, let’s say to the moon already, yes, to the moon there’s no longer there it is very clearly visible that this gives winnings, returns, creating a reusable rocket was never an obvious solution from an economic point of view, which is probably why at the beginning of 2000 in russia they refused to make a reusable hangar, although similar... hangars, having separated

from the carrier, opens its wings like an airplane, using an additional jet engine , lands on the nearest cosmodrome airfield. the resource allows you to use a baikal-type module up to twenty times, but at the beginning of 2000 this idea seemed economically ineffective and difficult to implement. program we will work specifically on the returnability of this level of ankara is 1.2,

which means hangar, well, a light-class hangar, that is, in addition to development work, we are conducting experimental testing of the depreciation system. creating a reusable hangar only makes sense if there is a large number of commercial flights, and here the main hopes are related to the growth of domestic demand. currently. there are several private projects that are actively developing in russia, among them quite a well-known project for broadband internet access using low-orbit satellite satellite system, which is being developed by the company bureau 1440, for them , first of all, it is now important to have as much energy resource as possible to launch their devices, because they are planning a multi-thousand satellite system, and accordingly there are others. operating company that plans to launch its commercial earth remote sensing systems. as far as

i know, the internet of things, the so -called iot, mtm, and many others who have already stated or are only in the process of saying that they plan to develop their own, well, multi-satellite systems. by the way, the now popular miniature spacecraft can be launched into orbit using a heavy hangar, a paradox, but it is still relatively cheap. the angara launch vehicle is designed in such a way that it can simultaneously launch a large number of very small spacecraft along with the main payload . here is a model of the microsatellite cupsat three units, in this case this is our development, which we also plan to launch into low earth orbit sooner or later, here with with the help of the angara launch vehicle, which also provides the ability to launch such microsatellites, small companies can get

the opportunity to launch their microsatellites into space using available resources to test their technologies. however, it is not worth considering a heavy hangar solely through the prism of commerce. the main task of this rocket is to replace the obsolete proton truck, as well as to provide the ability to launch vehicles of any type into space. to achieve this goal , the angara family of missiles is now active is expanding. in the near future , two more modifications will appear in it. at the new russian vostochny cosmodrome , the appropriate infrastructure has already been created for them. large launch vehicles, as a rule, are launched from a relatively small number of cosmodromes located at certain points on the earth, since the range of realized orbital inclinations is limited by the choice of flight paths, as well as the impact zones of detachable stages and nose fairings, and the closer the cosmodrome is to the equator, the less

fuel is needed to enter orbit, so plesetsk, located in the north of the european part of russia, is not the most convenient place for launches. the countries of the large space club are trying to build large spaceports near the coast, so that the separated elements fall into the sea. this is how the american spaceports are set up at cape canaver, the european ones in french guiana and the indian one on the island of sriharikota. the new russian eastern cosmodrome was built in compliance with similar principles, and also with the goal of gaining final independence from kazakhstan in the field of space launches. to achieve space sovereignty, the country needs to have its own modern cosmodrome and a rocket assembled entirely from domestic components, so 2019 became a landmark year in the history of russian cosmonautics, when construction of a new launch complex for the angara began at the vostochny cosmodrome. a huge pit was filled with concrete at 201. this amount

of material would be enough to build forty- five floors. a strong foundation is necessary for launching. talan mountains weighing more than 2.0 tons. by the way, this colossus was delivered from severo-dvinsk to the vostochny cosmodrome along the northern sea route. among the main objects of the complex is a cable-filling station with a height of over 60 m. it will house 10 levels for servicing heavy carriers. and there are twice as many technological systems installed as in a similar tower at the soyuz rocket launch complex. meanwhile, this is only a small part of a huge construction project. the launch complex includes not only the launch pad, it also includes a compressor, refueling, command post, and so on several dozen buildings and structures that are part of the launch complex. in fact, a small high-tech city with a hidden system of underground structures and tunnels was built by price specialists in record

time. well, i can responsibly tell you what that all means. i ’ve been in industry for almost 47 years now, which is why i can say that this is probably the fastest construction of all the construction projects that have taken place in recent years. the full complex of all of them was built in literally four years. buildings, installations of all equipment have already been carried out, autonomous tests have been carried out, the first stage of comprehensive tests has been carried out. well this is very cool. the new launch complex is significantly different from the one located at the plesetsk cosmodrome, because the northern launch site was built on the basis of an already existing launch complex for the zenit rocket. then it was decided to abandon the use of the zenit rocket and use the angara rocket at pressetsk. here is the starting table

that was already being built, it was already cleaned ready, the zenit rocket, it was rebuilt for the angara rocket, that is, it turns out that they were building it. not anew, but redone the existing infrastructure. this imposed certain restrictions that do not exist in vostochny, so here it was possible to build something more modern and universal. the new launch pad is suitable for launching not only automatic vehicles, but also manned spacecraft with astronauts on board. this means that there is a variant of the angara a5p, a manned version, and it will be used to launch a new the oreol manned spacecraft, which was previously planned for the lunar program. it will be launched to the russian orbital station. the international space station is already reaching its end of life. now the astronauts have to spend money on elimination. more time for faults than for scientific work. after 2030, the iss will definitely be flooded in the pacific ocean, then our cosmonauts will begin flying to the new russian

orbital station ros. its elements have already been shown to journalists by representatives of rsc energia. the first stage of construction of a new the station will begin in the twenty-eighth year, when the scientific and energy module will be launched into low orbit. and only one of the existing russian missiles - the heavy angara a5 - can do this. will also be used for launches to the ros station, and the eagle will carry not only astronauts, but also cargo, that is , the union and progress will replace two ships at once, but the most important thing is not even this: the new

eastern cosmodrome, the angara rocket and the eagle ship will become parts of a single space transport system, and the ross orbital station will be its original core, center attraction, in total all this will help to successfully explore and develop near space, although we have big plans for the distant one, here... we also cannot do without a heavy hangar, only not the usual one, with a hydrogen upper stage. this is an oxygen-hydrogen upper stage, which has already been developed, it just has not yet reached flight tests, on its basis an accelerating stage or a hydrogen upper stage will be made, for mount a5, based on the experience that, for example, specialists had in center khrunichevo for development of upper stages for india, for example, india uses hydrogen upper stages, this is the legacy of cooperation with russian specialists from the khrunichev center. this is how they simultaneously developed the russian upper stage and helped the indians master hydrogen technologies. hydrogen-oxygen fuel pair is now very actively used by leading

space powers. even jeff bezes's private company blue origin puts such engines on the new shepard suborbital rocket because hydrogen is very light extremely effective during combustion, especially when used in a vacuum, therefore, together with oxygen, it is usually used not in the first stages of rockets, but on... as a result, the heavy a5 rocket with a hydrogen upper stage will conditionally replace the failed super-heavy a7 in the angara line, because it has there will be a similar carrying capacity, and

there will be no need to create a new carrier and conduct flight tests, however, in terms of the carrying capacity of the hangar a5 with a hydrogen stage, it will be much inferior to the american space heavyweights. for comparison, a rocket spacex's falcon is capable of delivering almost 64 tons into a low reference orbit, but... elon musk's starship, which is currently undergoing test flights, has an even greater payload capacity of up to 150 tons. on the other hand, even in the united states, super-heavy missiles are not yet in great demand; rather, they are a foundation for the future, and the angara is quite sufficient for domestic russian needs. its modular design allows us to quickly satisfy almost any needs of our space industry. if necessary, on the existing material and technical base it is possible to short term.

potential for development is truly the future of russian cosmonautics, and i would like to hope that it will be as bright as the flame escaping from the nozzles of a rocket going into the sky. look around. now the year is 200 124, 100 years from now, everything will be different, moscow, moscow, and where are the flying machines, like

energetically. "she brought a man from school, a young man, according to my data, he is 117 years old, but the main thing will remain unchanged, i know what it means to give your word, just look at me, when it’s all over, alice will return to your time, and you will have to return to yours, in the sense of why, we will act here now, we will change the present, in the name of our common past, which is like the future. let's save your parents, personal path and 13 galaxies of all, delicious, very, because made with love, 100 years ahead, hello, i'm boris sakimov, and i'm oleg stepanov, and we are the creators of the russia 2062 project of the headquarters of free thought.

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"you were a psychiatrist, a famous scientist, in the recent past, and then you quit medicine and became an ordinary police psychologist, kill me, why did you provoke him, i wanted to help the guy, valera is digging under you in the most dangerous place for you, you are a predator, what a predator, it will hurt, they say that you people know how to look straight into your head, this is a metaphor, look into his head, look in

the appendix "on the site in the city of takmak, they are clearing out the rubble after an attack from the ukrainian armed forces, as the head of the zaporozhye region reported. five people were found alive under the rubble, before this it became known about eight dead, two of them children, residential buildings were damaged and utility networks. our correspondent anton stepanenko has all the details. the total number of civilians in the city of takmak killed by the kiev regime increased to eight people last night. the day before, late in the evening, ukrainian troops launched an artillery strike on a residential area of ​​the city, the strike hit...