the country is ahead, even more achievements await us, fall in love with the country more at the russia exhibition. how is this day remembered in history? we'll tell you

right now. hello. on june 13, 1858 , the tenzinzin treaty was concluded between russia and the qing empire that ruled china. it was signed in the city of qingzin by official representatives count efimi putyatin and huashan. this was an important event in establishing cooperation between the two states. overland trade was allowed without restrictions, and a number of chinese ports were opened to russian ships. petersburg could now appoint its consuls there. the rights of the russian spiritual mission were expanded, postal service began to work, but the solution to the border problem was postponed for several years. the negotiations were difficult, but the support provided by russia to china played a role. then , due to the taiping peasant uprising and the anglo-french invasion during the second opium war, the interventionists threatened to storm beijing. this was prevented thanks to the diplomatic skill of the russian envoy, count nikolai ignatiev. this has created favorable political conditions for signing already. in 1860 the beijing

treaty, which established the border between our countries in the amur region, coastal region and west of mongolia. on june 13, 1944, the germans used their new fa-1 weapon for the first time and attacked london. these were projectile planes or flying bombs - a prototype of modern cruise missiles with pulsating air-breathing engines; they reached speeds of up to 800 km/h and could deliver ammunition weighing... a ton at a distance of up to 400 km. faus were launched from ground installations, huge steel catapults and less often from bombers, flew at low altitude, were almost invulnerable to anti-aircraft guns, almost invisible to radar, although they were not very accurate, but the germans did not need this, they deliberately hit residential areas of london to cause panic. hitler declared the faa a weapon of retaliation. fau, the first letter of this word, is pergeltonsva in german. germans. managed to produce 25

thousand shells and by the end of march 1945 they made more than 10 thousand launches, destroyed many houses, more than 6 thousand people died, about 18 thousand were injured. then rockets rained down on european cities, paris, liege, antwerp, but the planes and shells could not turn the tide of the war. june 13, 1961 . laid the first stone in the foundation of the world's first museum of the history of astronautics, this happened in kaluga, in the city where konstantin solkovsky lived and worked, who developed the foundations of the theory of rocketry and space flight, the museum was named after him. this unique educational scientific center developed simultaneously with soviet russian cosmonautics. after each new launch of a satellite, manned spacecraft, interplanetary or orbital station, the collection was replenished with new ones. exhibits, today there are more than 80

thousand of them. priceless manuscripts and documents of tsialkov's works of fine art and, of course, space technology and space equipment, landers, rocket engines, flight suits, spacesuits, the museum complex also includes a planetarium and an observatory, a museum of major scientists in the field of aviation cosmonautics. a new building of the museum has recently opened, where scientific conferences and seminars are held using modern technologies. on june 13, 2002, the united states took the first step towards eliminating the entire strategic arms control system and withdrew from the anti-ballistic missile treaty exactly 30 years after it was signed by leonid brezhnev and richard nixon. at the time, this was the most important agreement that secured military parity between the two superpowers. the treaty curbed the arms race and reduced the danger of nuclear war. however, soon after the collapse of the ussr, washington changed its position.

under the pretext of protection from nuclear missile attacks by rogue states, as the americans call iran and north korea. of course, the goal was different - to ensure unilateral superiority over russia, after all. about means not only of defense, but also of attack aimed at creating conditions for a first nuclear strike. immediately after the dismantling of the treaty with the united states, they began to create a global missile defense system. we deployed land- and sea-based systems in the usa, europe and asia. but according to experts, calculations of their effectiveness are illusory. one of the proofs is the development of russian avangard intercontinental hypersonic missiles, which are already being put on combat duty. this is what this day in history was like. dear friends, i invite you to our next episode of the author’s program bissagon tv. it will be called "today children, tomorrow - people." i hope it will be interesting.

i'm looking forward to seeing you. hello, i am sergei stankevich, we continue to leaf through the calendar of significant events experienced by our country in the era of its great transition from the soviet union to new russia. today we will remember the story of how boris yeltsin, elected to the composition. russian parliament became its chairman, which opened the way for him to major political achievements. since 1988, a team of communist reformers led by mikhail gorbachev, as part of their policy known as perestroika, began to reform the political system

and public administration in the ussr. the meaning of the reform was the gradual transfer of power from previously the monopoly ruling communist party to the soviet system. elected in competitive elections. from the beginning of 1989, the congress of people's deputies of the ussr began its work, the activities of which awakened an active political life in the huge, previously tightly governed country, with public polemics in the media, the struggle of currents and parties, mass rallies and demonstrations. in 1990, the reform moved to the level of the union republics. russia also held its first competitive elections.

the political leader boris was elected there without any problems ; the composition of the congress turned out to be quite motley, yeltsin, already known throughout the country as the leader of the opposition at the union level, is a strong opponent of the head of the ussr, mikhail gorbachev. together with yeltsin, many deputies of the democratic conscription joined the congress, but numerically they... had no more than 30% of the deputy seats, and the rest of the composition was delegated mainly from the soviet, communist party, economic or collective farm nomenklatura of the primary or middle level. 920 deputies, that is, 86% of their composition, were

communists of various shades. contradiction to the complex composition of the congress appeared immediately during the selection of the chairman of the supreme council of the rsfsr. there was something to fight for here. in fact, it was not just about a speaker organizing a debate. the chairman of the supreme council was the highest official of the republic with a set of powers that allowed him to significantly, formally and non- publicly determine the life of the state, which, however, still had to be completed. and it was critically important to decide who would lead the process of completing the state’s construction. yeltsin, who had already gained a lot of political power. wes was the obvious first choice for chairman, but the post of speaker came to him after a long and difficult struggle, in which too much was at stake. many people were afraid of yeltsin at that time for various reasons. for the team of reformer mikhail gorbachev, who

had already become president of the ussr in march 1990, yeltsin was a radical and a populist. for the orthodox communists of russia, yeltsin was an ideological renegade and... a rebel, everyone understood perfectly well that if yeltsin was allowed to head the parliament for 5 years, it would be almost impossible to retain him further, he would use this springboard to the fullest, and... the central committee of the cpsu, chairman of the council of ministers of the rsfsr, alexander vlasov, who was called the kremlin's intercessor. the entire propaganda machine and hardware network of the cpsu really worked in his favor. the head of parliament was elected by secret ballot to be elected. it was necessary to obtain 531 votes out of 1060. grueling debates

were punctuated over and over again by inconclusive votes. yeltsin always lacked a few votes. eventually something amazing happened. the last weight on the scales of history was the new art of cinema. here how it happened. i testify as a direct participant in the events. deadlock in the election of the chairman of the supreme soviet of the rsfsr. was dangerously dragging on, then i remembered about the documentary-journalistic film directed by stanislav govarukhin under the symbolic title you can’t live like this. in his frank, somewhat ruthless film, completed in 1990, the venerable director stanislav govarukhin showed the wretched reality of late soviet life from moscow and leningrad to the remote provinces. he made striking comparisons with life. ordinary people in germany, which the ussr defeated in the great patriotic war,

asked questions about the reasons for the outrageous contrast, which only worsened over time. govorukhin’s film was not allowed into wide release, but the decision of the mass council opened the way for it to the capital’s cinemas. i called govorukhin and we organized a special operation. a special one was prepared for may 28, 1990. screening at the cinema in october. using the powers of the moscow city authorities, i sent about 20 buses to the kremlin on ivanovskaya square. after the meeting congress, on behalf of the mass council, we invited deputies to watch a documentary film about burning modern problems. almost all the deputies went. fortunately, the name of govarukhin attracted them, and the drive from the kremlin was 10 minutes. and the film did its

job. a brilliantly presented spectacle of soviet hopelessness, against the backdrop of what a normal entrepreneurial economy can provide to ordinary people. it was a devastating emotional blow. the last frames of the film were accompanied by a song by vladimir vysotsky with the words “and neither the church nor the tavern, nothing, it’s not holy.” no, guys, everything is wrong, everything is wrong, guys, and not the church and the kobak, nothing, it’s not holy, no, guys, everything is wrong, everything is wrong, guys, very many in the hall at that moment they lowered their heads. the next day, on may 29, 1990, at the next meeting of

the congress, boris nikolaevich yeltsin was elected for 535, against - 502. boris yeltsin won with a margin of four votes above the required minimum. that the screening of the film played the role of the final emotional impetus given to yeltsin. a few missing votes. the election of yeltsin as chairman of the russian parliament opened the way for him to affairs that became the main content of his political life. soon the russian government was formed, headed by the first prime minister ivan selayev. a turning point was the adoption on june 12, 1990 of the declaration of state sovereignty of russia. with this document , a new era in state building in russia began, and a year later, on june 12 , 1991, boris yeltsin was elected the first

president of new russia. your home, install a fire detector, safety starts with you, the russian ministry of emergency situations. hello, i'm sergey stankevich. once again , together with you, we are peering into the details of the significant events of that era when our country made the great transition from the soviet union to new russia. today we have a difficult to understand, but extremely important

topic about how it was accepted and what it meant for russia. declaration of state sovereignty. first, about the background. in 1990 , the soviet empire was weakening before our eyes and staggered. its internal borders, which seemed to exist only on the map, suddenly acquired important political significance. the republics that were still part of the ussr sought to secure their sovereignty in advance. and then to see what to do next with the legacy of the empire, then an amazing thing suddenly opened up for the population of russia: the russians had nothing formally to defend and strengthen, there is almost nothing russian, everything is basically union, and if in some former soviet republic, which has now become sovereign, they will tell you: here our

property is our right, yours is in another place, go to your place, then where is this to your place? unlike 14 other union republics, only russia in 1990 did not have any clearly defined territory within the boundaries of which the operation of its laws would be guaranteed; as a result, the russian federation in its soviet format did not have a full-fledged government, a full-fledged budget, orderly relations between regions and the center. the root cause of this situation is the unusual...

there was no meaningful russian communist party until 1990, and that mattered then. when in 1990 the union republics, using their rights under the ussr constitution, began to declare their state sovereignty one after another, russia risked finding itself in the role of shakespeare’s king lear, who gave away his

fortune and was left with nothing. the situation was aggravated by the fact that the project of the soviet empire, which had reached a dead end , was finally turning into a process of self-destruction for russia. the situation needs it was urgent to change. legal options for... elected legislature. on june 12, 1990, the congress of people's deputies of russia, chaired by boris yeltsen,

approved a truly fateful document: the declaration of state sovereignty. those who are in favor of adopting the declaration as a whole, please vote. the voting results were more than convincing: 907 for, 13 against, nine abstained. let's read this document and try to understand its main content and outstanding historical role. the declaration of state sovereignty was a pre-constitutional act that expressed the collective will of russian citizens to move into the future together, in a certain direction. which one exactly? towards the creation of a modern, full-fledged, self-sufficient, democratic republic with a separation of powers, a multi-party system, with all rights

for the citizens living in it, as well as for the peoples who have formed their own republics. everyone was given scope for historical creativity and guaranteed legal protection in a certain territory. contrary to the declaration did not announce illiterate or crafty myths. not about any independence in quotation marks, exactly the opposite, with this document russia finally decided to introduce into its actually existing relations of dependence, a reasonable order that corresponds to fundamental russian interests. russia, according to the declaration, not only did not separate from the soviet union, it directly, and even with some anticipation, included itself in the renewed union on a voluntary and contractual basis. confirming its readiness to delegate sufficient powers to the union, within the framework of of which all union legislation and all union decisions will be unconditionally

respected. the declaration of sovereignty was for russia an act of renunciation of the role of ideological gendarme, as well as, in general, of the outdated imperial status, which became a disastrous burden for it, depriving it of prospects for normal development. but. russia in this short text announced its emergence from the old imperial shell. she seemed to be saying: “i am, i exist, consider me and my interests, negotiate with me on equals. team up with me voluntarily for mutual benefit. the declaration of state sovereignty of russia, adopted on june 12. " 990 gave all people inhabiting russia a physically visible, legally defined state house protected in every sense. the citizens of the peoples of russia

were given the opportunity for conscious and long-term economic, state cultural construction, in conditions free from everything imposed, outdated and restraining. on the eve of the 21st century, a new russia was born, capable and ready to present to the world its new civilizational achievements. since 1992 , june 12 has become a public holiday, the day of russia.

we watch to learn about the world, educational programs and documentaries, we watch, we watch in the application or on the website.

who is chasing you, no one decided to hide behind children, a family song competition, let's get burned, let's break through, not novices, do we have sports? sometimes with records, if it’s a holiday, then it’s a national one, we love traditions, we honor our history, we value family, strong relationships, we admire how it blossoms. a country

there are even more achievements ahead, fall in love with the country more at the russia exhibition.

russian artillerymen hit the fortifications of the armed forces of ukraine along with their equipment with a powerful blow, the task was successful. combat crews of the grad multiple launch rocket systems were carried out; the coordinates of strongholds of manpower and enemy vehicles were transmitted by reconnaissance officers. the group of seven countries have agreed to allocate $50 billion to ukraine using profits from frozen russian assets. the statement is expected at the g7 summit, which starts today in italy, where london intends to announce separate assistance to kyiv 300.