reasons, sources close to the chinese authorities hinted to journalists that beijing was not interested in the topics announced for discussion. more and more ukrainians stop leaving their homes for fear of mobilization. according to the new york times, tens of thousands of men are dodging the draft. the publication notes that the ukrainian armed forces send soldiers to the front without proper training, and the mortality rate among those mobilized is very high. and russia signed an agreement on strategic cooperation. the unexpected and rapid rapprochement of the two countries immediately caused contradictory reaction from the west. the next step was vladimir putin’s visit to vietnam. and this trip was also met with hostility. they even tried to hint to hanoi that the visit of guests from russia was undesirable. well , in addition, preparations are underway for the us elections. is it possible to predict the results already? about this and not only in the international review program, immediately after the short one. your business

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megamarket sellers are changing the world. megamarket - just grow with us. pairs of roman burger and roman chicken burger at a great price. in italian: delicious, period. hello, we're on the air internationally review, in the studio fyodor lukyanov. today on the international review program. event of the week. chronicle, facts, comments. geopolitical swings or the era of unexpected alliances. strategic cooperation with the dprk. vietnam, towards new relations. transition to payments in national currencies. washington is unhappy. yes, i'll tell your fortune.

everything has changed in the world, only on the korean peninsula the mise-en-scène has frozen, the division of the once united people, ideological antagonism, the american military. until recently it seemed like a strange rudiment, but the circle is coming full circle, having begun in one cold war, the korean confrontation awaited another. at the end of world war ii, korea, under the auspices of the un, was divided along the thirty- eighth parallel into two zones between the ussr and the usa. attempts to create a single state were unsuccessful and in 1948 two independent ones appeared. the socialist democratic people's republic of korea in the north and the pro-american capitalist republic of korea in the south. each with its own economic model, constitution, hope to someday unite the peninsula under his rule. the intensive development of the dprk was largely

ensured by the help of the socialist camp, and above all the ussr. it accounted for almost 90% of foreign trade relations. the government is active. invested in heavy industry in the military-industrial complex. south korea at that time was nothing like the modern republic. after the war, it was an agrarian state that suffered greatly from the japanese occupation. it remained the poorest in the region until the sixties. in power was the authoritarian ruler lisanman, whom brought to power by the americans. there were regular military clashes between the two koreas in 1950. escalated into a full-fledged war. the people's army of the north numbered more than 180 thousand people, almost twice as many as the army of south korea, but the united states and forces under the un flag fought on the side of the south. when the dprk began to lose,

the so-called chinese volunteers intervened on its side in the conflict. as a result, the war ended 2 years later in the same place where it began on the thirty- eighth parallel. the parties concluded truce and agreed to hold. housing stock and industrial transport infrastructure of both countries. thanks to industrialization, living standards rose faster in the north than in the south in the immediate post-war years. already in the sixties, the dprk began creating a nuclear infrastructure, and in the seventies, work on creating nuclear weapons began. however, the production of folk goods. in the south, after the removal of lisimman, a new civilian government came to power, but the military, dissatisfied with the state of affairs, overthrew it. he took power into his own hands general park chung hee, who later became president. in the seventies, the vietnam war

marked the beginning of close cooperation with the united states, which was reflected in rapid economic growth. however, all this happened against the backdrop of an emergency situation of arrests of dissidents. the democratization of south korea began only in the eighties; as for the social structure in the north, kim irsen built the north korean society on the model of juche. this ideology proclaimed the exclusivity of korean autonomy, the cult of personality of the leader, who, after the death of the leader, extended to his son kimjong-il's grandson kimjong-il, which is ruled by the dprk today. vladimir putin visited north korea, lightning fast, but meaningful. a comprehensive strategic partnership agreement was signed. interaction reaches a new level. russia no longer looks back at international restrictions; it proceeds from its own reasons.

we will talk about the content of the visit with the guru of korean studies konstantin osmolov from the institute of china contemporary asia. konstantin, hello. guru for me. ok. guru, guru. many compare does this agreement compare with the one that was previously in soviet times, well, in different ways, what is common and what is different? we won’t be drawn into a war on the korean peninsula at all? as far as i understand, the agreement is similar to the agreement of 1961, but if we draw analogies further, we will remember the soviet reaction to the incident, when north korea requested military assistance, after which... moscow explains that it is getting involved in the korean conflict initiated by the north doesn’t

want to, puts forward additional conditions, the conflict becomes more local in the end there everything is resolved peacefully for both sides, but a sediment remains. what, at least the north is doing now, preparation for a defensive, not offensive war is clearly visible, the northerners are destroying roads, building walls, making minefields, this is not... preparing for an offensive, another thing is that, since the hypersonic missile it takes a minute to get to siul, as part of the security dilemma, both the north and south are relying on a preventive strike as the best means of defense, which the other side views as preparation for an aggressive war, but here, if we remember the third article of the treaty, which talks about consultations, then this rather slows down the likelihood, because... in the event of a threatening situation, consultations are held, and here moscow, in my opinion, will

rather think how together with phinyang to resolve the conflict than how to start it, it is clear that if we have a caricature putin and a caricature kemchanin in our heads, then they, of course, will wave sharpened sabers, wrap themselves in dark cloaks and develop insidious plans, but we are not cartoon. drawing by jeff kotorba from nebraska. the first reaction to the russian president's trip to north korea. symbolic perception of two leaders. small tyrants, but they have long shadows. hristo komarnitsky, artist from bulgaria. his drawing for the results of the group of seven summit, which took place in italy. and apparently, a group of two is approaching, as they see it. from germany. “friend vladimir, don’t refuse a favor, since

you’re flying away, throw out the garbage at the same time, a hint of news about how the northerners threw bags of garbage at the south of korea, another drawing colliery, nuclear weapons are becoming more expensive, spending on nuclear weapons has increased by 13%. what is this world preparing for? a direct reference to the hollywood movie poster "jaws". cooperation, which must now move to a new level, which can be done directly by quickly increasing the infrastructure, in this sense, a very important, long-awaited decision was the construction of a highway, a bridge will theoretically be built quickly, because god forbid there is memory.

on the one hand it is said that the regime is unfair, sanctions must be lifted, on the other on both sides there are hints that we will build some kind of separate relationship, but at the same time the statement of the category russia no longer binds itself to the sanctions obligations of the un security council, this is not the case, perhaps this will be done in the next round of aggravation, perhaps some things will begin...

among other options, a combination of price, quality, safety and invisibility, plus another important point, in fact, north korean work.

the main argument is precisely this: it has been proven, in quotes, that kenyan supplies to moscow pokemon flying saucer shells, which is stopping you from starting to supply shells to kiev. however, i am not sure that this will happen quickly. yes, they will increase cooperation with nato and the united states, and quite possibly to comparable levels.

the fact that all their business niches in russia are rapidly disappearing is deeply depressing for them. on the other hand, they try to remain more than others, counting on the fact that when their relationship ends in one way or another, relations will return to the previous level, perhaps the south koreans will even clean up

into the hands of the business of those companies that have left completely, and... they are also trying to take this factor into account in siula, so let’s see what will actually happen with the red line, and stoltenberg directly asked yuna, and irena zelenskaya came, and yuna took yuna to bucha and irpen, still nothing. now, of course, the likelihood that the young woman will be crushed is greater, the question that has been the main one for everyone for many years in the korean dossier is, in fact, why the sanctions were all promoted, the nuclear program. with it, what can we do now with denuclearization, god forgive me, say goodbye? de facto denuclearization, in my opinion, we said goodbye to, well, not quite at the trump stage, but somewhere by this time, because north korea is a full-fledged nuclear power with a hydrogen bomb and a normal arsenal, and as i noted in my time

vladimir khrustalev, those methods of denuclearization, liquidation of the nuclear program... that exist and worked, they worked for countries whose nuclear programs were just beginning, and taking into account the north korean underground factories, in order to definitely achieve denuclearization, you will have to occupy the country, and this is associated with great problems and risks, so again, alexandrin and other specialists from the institute of china and modern asia began to say quite early that from denucleization.

with its unique aesthetics, even for those who remember the soviet party style or are familiar with chinese ideological models, exoticism on the verge of the imaginable, captivating with inspired surrealism, behind the hypnotic spectacle the questions are not only two-sided, the north korean plot occupied a special place in the liberal world order, the rebel country refused to integrate into it, the global authorities and... away from the principles that were established after the cold war, we are now moving towards the north korean model, yes, that is, a ban on

everything, we have not yet reached the russian track, but in general we are moving towards in this direction, but there is one very significant difference: sanctions against russia are restrictions that are based solely on the actions of individual western states, but sanctions about... in north korea, unilateral western ones still coexist with the regime sanctions of the un security council with the regime of restrictive measures of the un security council. and to legitimize their unilateral actions, the americans and the rest of the esf very actively refer to the security council resolution and say: well , look, we generally implement the security council resolutions, but where we consider them insufficient, we also supplement them with our own norms. this is a very important difference. by the way, the americans acted in a similar way against iran. sanctions have existed in one way or another throughout human history, but the main lever

they became more pressured recently in the nineties. the new sole leader undertook to level the political landscape using methods of economic restrictions. over the entire period of its existence , until the ninety-first year, from the forty-fifth year, to the ninety-first year. practically the security council, this function of its own, so to speak, this is its task, purpose, was practically not fulfilled, there were only two cases when sanctions were adopted, sanctions were adopted in relation to southern radesia and in relation to the south african republic, so thus, we can say that during this period from 1945 to 1991, the security council and in general gave more preference to the political and diplomatic worlds than to the political and diplomatic worlds. so to speak, to the legal mechanism that was included, so to speak, in the charter of the organization , the situation changes after the ninety-first year, when a rapprochement of positions

between the permanent members begins regarding how the council should take appropriate measures in order to prevent the deterioration of peace, violations of the peace, acts of aggression and so on, here, so to speak, the very concept of sanctions is not...

the security council is there to promote its vision of sanctions, it was like this against iran, then it was like this against north korea, that is , indeed this is the american vision, the american approach, not only the american and the approaches of their allies, including those present on the un security council, they were actively, let’s say, advancing, china and russia took a careful position, china in fact remains now.

russia has consistently advocated expansion of humanitarian exceptions for north korea and food and medicine, and so on. quite often , russian initiatives, well, in fact , have already been trampled by westerners, what do us sanctions mean? secondary sanctions.

american sanctions, and now that the americans are actually including more and more of our company with each new package, it is already difficult to find large companies that are not under american sanctions. the logic is this: well, what’s stopping us from working in north korea? the question of leaving the un sanctions, the adoption of which russia previously approved, is subtle, lawyers will have to hone their skills, especially since the spirit of the letter, the un charter does not... here to terminate the validity of this or that resolution or establish that it has been exhausted and the measures are not the resolution itself, the resolution itself is already no less, it has gone down in history, in the archive, so to speak , of activity, it is precisely the measures that were taken on its basis that are stopped, this is a question for the security council itself, and how

should it? regulated by a constant, so to speak, with the participation of all constants or not, this issue is also not unresolved, but many assume that since it was adopted, all states supported it, meaning not only the majority of the security council, but the permanent members, which means that this means that it should stop, so to speak, but let’s just say that international law is he is silent about this, if on the international side. there is something to argue about, the internal legal framework is ready for a review of relations, in principle , nowhere is it written that we are 100%, all those measures that are spelled out in the resolution, relatively speaking, of the security council, must be indicated in in the charter, this is also nowhere to be found, cases show that in some cases the russian federation simply copied what was there, so to speak, in other cases some new things were added taking into account, so to speak, the nature of relations there or our capabilities, and

some did not mention them at all, they believe, apparently, there is no need to apply them, therefore, from the point of view of russia, in order to terminate the sanctions regime imposed by the security council resolution, it is enough to cancel the presidential decree, from the point of view of today legislation, including the constitution, everyone remembers, of course, part four of article 15, that international treaties and generally accepted principles and norms of international law are part of the russian legal system, but now the seventy-ninth article has appeared and has been precisely supplemented. it existed, but it was supplemented by the fact that if these mandatory decisions do not contradict the constitution, they are not applied in the russian federation, a mechanism was introduced, article 125 of the constitution, which secured the corresponding powers of the council, sorry, constitutional court, russia is obliged in this case to simply inform the security council about its decisions. be that as it may, the world is moving away from a single political standard to their diversity, and where there is politics,

there is law, they are too. as if bound by one chain. from pyongyang, vladimir putin went to hanoi, also on a state visit. rhyme for sure. both countries have not abandoned, at least formally, socialism. both survived splits and wars, both were intensively helped to fight by the soviet union, which they remember there. from the very beginning of the conflict. vietnam faced an important task - to attract china and the soviet union to its side. beijing was the only one that could provide assistance with people, but the vietnamese seriously feared that chinese volunteers might remain in the country after the victory. moscow was the only force that could provide modern weapons, primarily anti-aircraft systems, and this meant that the military would come along with them.

there were no specialists of this level in vietnam. nikita khrushchev was in no hurry to directly enter into the conflict, but leonid brezhnev, who replaced him, decided to intervene. the vietnamese made an offer that was difficult to refuse. in return, the ussr would receive captured samples of the latest american technology. military aid flowed like a river. from sixty-five to seventy- four, more than 6,000 officers and generals, and more than 4,500 soldiers passed through the group of soviet military specialists. these were air defense specialists, crews of anti-aircraft systems, pilots, repair and restoration team specialists, navy officers, representatives of the ministry of the navy fleet, journalists, in the end, after the video distribution in the ussr, the second part of the american film ramba , numerous legends appeared about hundreds and thousands of soviet paratroopers who swarmed in...