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welcome to asia, where the heart of the continent beats. august 1945. soviet union is just beginning to recover after the victory in the great patriotic war. war, the bombs dropped by the united states on japanese jeroshima and nagasaki force a baby and a fat man to force japan to capitulate. the world is entering a new era. the era of atomic energy. as my father told me, after the shift they wrung out the shirts, because there was no automation then, everything went manually, he returned with burnt hands. when in the end steam was supplied to the turbine, igor vasilyevich kurchatov congratulated us all on the light steam. for

our country it was raising the flag, flag championship, we were not the first to make the bomb, this is a rare case when we are proud that we are not the first, the second, here is a peaceful atom, a nuclear power plant, our absolute primacy. the overseas ally in the anti-hitler coalition is rapidly becoming a former one. more than fifty targets planned by the united states of america for nuclear bombing already on the territory of the ussr are forcing moscow to devote all its efforts to creating a symmetrical response. first the bomb, forget about the rest, the very clear demand of the curator of the atomic project lavrentiy beria. and when after successful ones.

energy, but was able to return to them only after a few years, pictures of warm houses, bright roads, well-equipped cities, all this is sustainable, powerful, generally inexpensive nuclear energy, this is a feat for the scientists who dared to make such a proposal with... to its leadership

, a very bold action by the government aimed at defining this one more direction of work on peaceful atoms. in the fiftieth, in the area of ​​the obninskaya station, now it is a physical and energy institute named after leypunsky, preparations for construction began, and in the fall of fifty-one, an excavator took out the first bucket of earth at the construction site of the future first nuclear power plant in the world. when they say that kurchatov almost never left the construction site, this is not an exaggeration; he lived and worked in this house very close to the nuclear power plant. only the initiates knew where exactly. the place was classified, like everything connected with the first atomic one. experimental reactor f1 in moscow laboratory number two, now the kurchatov institute, and industrial reactor a1, the so-called annushka, at the mayak enterprise in the chelyabinsk region, with their help. the soviet

union created nuclear weapons to maintain nuclear parity. the phi nuclear power plant was destined to become a peaceful response to the west in ensuring the country's energy security. here was the heart of the obninsk nuclear power plant. several types of reactor were developed for it at once; in the end, preference was given to uranium -graphite installation of a channel type with a water coolant. academician igor kurchatov gathered and headed a real nuclear detachment from the best soviet nuclear scientists union. they became the founders of modern nuclear energy.

obnenskaya nuclear power plant and the k3 nuclear submarine reactor too, since the projects were created in parallel. the first calculations of the am nuclear reactor, which stands for peaceful atom, were carried out in kurchatov laboratory number two in niih mash. it was supposed to run on enriched uranium, the installation capacity was 5 megatons. scientists have figured out how to convert nuclear energy first into thermal energy, then into mechanical energy, and then into electricity. it is this principle that is still used in work today. npp with class. in the primary circuit of a nuclear power plant, circulation pumps pump water through the nuclear reactor; under enormous pressure, it is heated to 300° and enters the steam generator, where it transfers its heat to water from another secondary circuit of the nuclear power plant. the steam

from the steam generator enters a turbine, which rotates the generator shaft, which produces electricity. after use, steam enters the turbine. condenser, where it cools and turns into water, which, with the help of pumps, goes back to the steam generator, where it heats up again from water from the primary circuit, it turns back into steam, the steam goes to the turbine, and so on. the scientific director of the first atomic one was dmitry blakhintsev, also from the kurchatov constellation. from 1950 to 1956, the director of the legendary laboratory, v. during the construction of the station, blakhimtsev, like his... colleagues, worked 15 hours a day, and after the launch he supervised physical studies of the reactor’s operation. he called the fuel issue the most subtle one. the nuclear power plant design is as simple as a samovar. instead of coal, uranium is burned, and steam is used to generate energy in a turbine. but that's it

it is much more difficult precisely because of uranium, which burns in a completely different way, and this process is finely tuned and is influenced by tens and hundreds of facts. the creator of the so-called tvelo fuel element, vladimir malykh, at that time a young designer-technologist , did not even have a completed higher education, but for igor kurchatov and alexander leypunsky, who even then began to create a scientific school of promising nuclear physicists in obnensk, this did not matter, they knew how to choose talent. fuel rod for the obnensk nuclear power plant was not like it is now with uranium pellets inside, filled with uranium. pressure and corrosion. the name itself is a fuel element, without which it is now a powder, resistant to high temperatures, it is impossible to imagine nuclear energy appeared here in obnensk. the main element of a nuclear reactor core, the rods in which

fission of heavy uranium nuclei occurs, must be very thin and ultra-strong. developments carried out first at the kurchatov and kharkov institutes, later at the all-russia research institute bochvara, they could not solve this problem.

elements according to his design. obnenskaya became an example of incredible courage. scientific and design thought, imagine what talent and imagination you had to have to create something that no one had ever done in the world, a completely new atomic field at that time. the creation of both the nuclear reactor and the nuclear power plant itself proceeded in parallel. the project was constantly changing, because even the dimensions of the reactor plant were initially not very clear. the walls were built from reinforced concrete monolith, to provide protection from radiation. installers worked 12 hours a day with one day off every two weeks. for those who

lived in moscow and the moscow region, a transfer to their home in covered trucks was organized, as they would say now. the unique project, in which engineers and builders from all over the country participated, was a state secret; most of them did not even know what kind of object they were building. vasily merzlikin’s father, grigory, was a thermal physicist engineer, sat at the central control panel, and supervises installation. acceptance equipment, debugging of equipment, here slavsky is constantly present at the site, as the head of the launch group , the then deputy minister of medium engineering, everything is not going very smoothly, the constant activation of emergency protection, ae was exhausting during one of the shifts. slavsky entered the control room here and began to say that as long as possible, you can’t cope with your work, but his father said to him: “ehim pavlovich, wouldn’t you swear at us?” “

i understand that the equipment is imperfect, but i had to look, okay, guys, i’m saying, hold out, we at least need to hold out for a few days. in march of 1954, the installation of the first secondary circuit of the reactor and thermal-mechanical equipment was completed at the station, and testing began before the physical... start-up. on may 9, victory day, the arrows on the instruments of the main control panel of the world's first nuclear power plant showed minimum power. and then the final setup of all systems began, the whole orchestra, which, in a sense, is a nuclear power plant.

the symphony of the obnensk npp launch sounded on 26 june 1954, thus began a new energy era for humanity. igor vasilyevich kurchatov, he arrived at the posk station, when in the end the steam was supplied to the turbine, he also... clapped, clapped, congratulated, congratulated us all here on the light steam. when on july 1 an article about the start of operation of the obnensk nuclear power plant appeared in the newspaper, the world was stunned. the headlines in the foreign press spoke for themselves. the cold war was already in full swing and there was no point in the west complimenting the soviet union. but the significance events became more important than politics. the soviet union took a giant step forward in realizing

humanity's age-old dream, the dream of energy that can be produced anywhere in any quantity. one of the outstanding specialists in the field of nuclear physics, commenting on the announcement of the launch of a nuclear power plant in the ussr, said that this was the beginning of a new era. this historical event has. much greater international significance than the dropping of the first atomic bomb on jeroshima. the british newspaper drew attention to the main thing. obnensk npp revolutionized people's understanding of atomic energy. it showed that it may not be the horror of a nuclear explosion, but electricity, the generation of which does not require endless trains of coal or fuel oil. at the first geneva international conference on the peaceful uses of atomic energy, report by the scientific director of the obninsk npp.

here in this self-propelled turbine, in this self-propelled turbine, in this self-propelled reactor of water-water type and heat exchange equipment, the project is intended for use:

all of it could not be placed at the control panel control, some of it was kind of beyond the threshold and it was even difficult for me to get to some of the keys, but there was great interest. the world's first soviet nuclear power plant was connected to the moscow power grid from the moment of its launch. compared to it, the american experimental reactor ebr-1, which is insisted on being a domestic diesel generator overseas, is the first one to be used. in the fifty-first year they... received electricity, from which they lit four light bulbs, that is, there was literally, well, probably some kind of kilowatt , in obnensk for the first time there was the complete technology from nuclear fission to generating electricity into the grid was demonstrated. the name of the reactor at obninsk nuclear power plant or

peaceful atom was originally deciphered as marine atom. it was also intended for underwater use. boats, but when power plant stands were built in the laboratory in obnensk, the reactor turned out to be larger and more massive than scientists had expected. as a result, a variant for submarines was developed in leningrad at skb-143, this is the current malachite design bureau. this is the cabin of a submarine brought from dalny east from the pacific fleet, because a submariner training center was created in ovminsk. they trained at the world's first nuclear power plant, because the principle of reactor control is the same, so they got their first skills there, and then they went to the actual plant. sailors were strictly forbidden to come to the nuclear power plant in naval uniform; in the west they were not supposed to know where and what

the future soviet crews were learning. officers had to wear civilian clothes, since the group's appearance at the nuclear power plant military sailors would immediately declassify plans to create a nuclear submarine. wanting to follow fashion, we ended up wearing identical coats and hats, not to mention polished naval boots, looking like a group of chinese students. at the pass office we were asked to immediately fence ourselves off and not go with the cop. after training to work with a nuclear reactor. the exam was admission to independent management of the world's first nuclear power plant. this is k-3, leninsky komsomol, the first soviet nuclear submarine, the nuclear reactor for which was created on the basis developments in obninsk. she was launched in 1957, and only 5 years later she made the famous transition under the ice to the arctic

ocean. there is such a naval story, when k3, on july 17, sixty-two at 6 hours 50 minutes 10 seconds passed the point of the north pole, at the central post the officers advised the midshipman helmsman to deviate slightly from the course so as not to touch the earth’s axis before placing the reactor on the nuclear boat , it was a completely new thing, we had to try how it would work on... compartment of a nuclear submarine, where the reactor was with water under pressure, type k3, which is in the museum now, it was an amazing

time, i also call my colleagues who worked on reactors with water, who worked with me on liquid metal, pioneers, like and the crew of the first nuclear icebreaker lenin, who also learned to work with nuclear... disposal of spent nuclear fuel, fuel elements, the very fuel rods that small ones invented, were cut into pieces in the so-called hot chamber using mechanical manipulators, they were controlled

from behind protective glass, but if something needed to be corrected in the chamber, if repairs were needed, the employees had to enter the hard radiation zone. before entering the hot chamber, a person put on such a suit, connected himself to the respiratory system, and the azimetrist recorded the time. a person jumps into the camera, naturally, first the entire program is written, clearly who should unscrew what nut , take turns jumping in and doing the work, the first ones who jumped in, it was literally there for about 30 seconds, then, but it was a minute, a minute and a half. the station became the only simulator of its kind for specialists from the first industrial nuclear power plants of the soviet union, the rapidly developing nuclear industry. in the sixty-second year at the atom mirny reactor.

for nuclear power plants in space. the obnensky reactor laid the foundation for nuclear medicine. with its help, they began to produce the malibdenum 99 isotope. for 48 years, the obnensk npp was a scientific and experimental site, a kind of university for soviet and then russian nuclear scientists. on april 29, 2002, the time came to shut down the reactor, which had reached the end of its life. this honor was given to the obnensk npp veteran, lev kochitkov. this is the button i had to press. this is how the reactor was finally shut down. after that it never came back to life, the first nuclear power plant

operated for almost half a century from 1954 to 2002 without a single accident, it became a unique experimental site for testing nuclear technologies and research justification for reactor installations of higher power, such as at the beliban and beloyarsk npps. atom peaceful large, amb, was the name of the reactors at the beloyarsk nuclear power plant, which was built in the sverdlovsk region. power units with a capacity of 100 and 200 mw. building beloyarka, as nuclear scientists affectionately call this station, was easier than the first nuclear one. the central control panel is almost the same as at the obninsk npp. it was necessary in the reactors of the beloyarsk station. just repeat what has already been done, only on a larger scale. didn't even need to be developed a special machine room, they took the usual serial turbine equipment. the construction

at the beloyarf station of the first stage is the amb reactor, the first block, the second block, the third and fourth blocks, the liquid metal direction, fast reactors, these are, in fact, the daughters or sons of the event that we now call the first launch in the world. now the first russian serial project of the fast neutron reactor bn-1200m is on its way; its core was also assembled at the obninsk physics test facility. this is a new reactor fourth generation, which is planned to be built at the beloyarsk nuclear power plant, at the moment we are just preparing all the necessary scientific confirmation, experimental confirmation of the characteristics of the core of the future reactor. appear.

the ac is built much faster. asmm can be created to provide heat and electricity to a specific production or mine in a hard-to-reach area. in st. petersburg kolpino, at the production facility of rosatom's mechanical engineering division, they have already begun casting parts for the first ground-based small nuclear power plant with ritm-200 reactor units. this is how steel is poured for billets from which asm, a low-power nuclear power plant, is created. it will be built. yakutia in order to provide electricity to several industrial enterprises and deposits of gold ore and tin. the asm will be equipped with a ritм 200n reactor, this is a ground-based version of the reactor for nuclear icebreakers. they were also created taking into account the experience that was gained in obnensk by the kurchatov nuclear detachment. the power

of those discoveries of the forties and fifties. years consists of a huge charge for many decade aimed at developing these technologies, there would have been neither a third nor a fourth generation if there had not been kurchatov, leipunsky, golezhal, brilliant scientists and designers and theorists, those who practically implemented this first in the world, very small at that time, as it seemed to everyone, in fact, the station gave a completely new quality to knowledge and technology on the planet. today obnenskaya as is a museum. the legend station continues to live as an embodiment of the history of the nuclear industry in russia and the world. the peaceful atom, which has forever become a symbol of heroism scientists and designers of a great country.

let's return to the news review, new shelling in the kursk region, as reported by the acting governor alexey smirnov, the village of guevo was under fire. two local residents were shell-shocked. and last night, drones attacked the village

of the settlement, five people were killed there. details from elizaveta boukreeva. today the night was turbulent in the kursk region; a residential building in the village of gorodishche, bordering the rylsky district, was attacked by a ukrainian copter, resulting in death five people, two of them children, two more family members were transferred to the regional clinical hospital, now they are in intensive care, their health is not in danger, they are a married couple, the man is 69, the woman is 56, their son died during shelling... was shelled civilians, our civilians were killed, five people were killed, two were wounded, two of them were small children, now our orderlies are taking away these dead people, i express my deep words.