hello, international review is on air, in the studio fyodor lukyanov. today on the international review program. events of the week, chronicle, facts, comments. we break the usual patterns. i came to moscow on rendermode. the west is upset by the public hug. anniversary summit of the atlantic bloc, collective fears on the eve of the choice. washington

is hosting guests, nato is preparing for a long confrontation, the key to security, nuclear deterrence, materials from our program.

in russia this week, fashion was welcomed no less warm than its predecessors. indian leaders are traditionally honored here. in june 1955 , indian prime minister jevahar lal nero visited the soviet union for the first time. his daughter indira gandhi accompanied him as his personal secretary. this trip became one of the longest in the history of bilateral relations. in 16 days , nehru and gandia flew around almost the entire soviet union, visited more than twenty cities and got acquainted with the work of large industrial soviet enterprises. in a joint statement the parties promised to develop bilateral relations based on the principles of peaceful coexistence and through strengthening ties. in june 1979, the soviet leadership warmly received indian prime minister mararji desai in moscow. leonid brezhnev personally came to meet his grandson. the parties

agreed on close cooperation in the field of space research. the flight of the first indian cosmonaut took place 5 years later in april 1984 on the soyuz t-11 spacecraft. the real darling of the ussr was indira gandhi, who visited the soviet union nine times. monuments were opened in her honor, and city squares were named for children. in july 66 he was already the future prime minister. on soviet television, she stated that friendship between india and the ussr is not just a fact, but an important factor in international relations. the result of her visit in the seventy-first year was the signing of an agreement on the development of friendship and cooperation, on the similarity of the position of moscow and delhi on issues of disarmament and the need to defuse tensions in the regions of south-west and southeast asia. next prime minister of india, indira's son gandhi, rajiv.

the seventh agreement on the joint exploration of the moon and the creation of a multi-purpose transport aircraft, as for the current prime minister on rendremode, he first visited russia in july 2015 as part of the summit in brix and sco vuf. moscow is the first foreign capital maude has visited since his re-election last month. this is a special and conscious gesture. that joint

declaration, which was issued by two presidents, signed by two presidents, is, of course, of such a strategic nature because it is planned. urgent areas of cooperation and economic, in the field of energy security, and what is very important in the field of science and technology, education, there are simply breakthrough things here, long-term goals of interaction have been outlined on a number of global problems, i believe that this is a big step forward in the development of a strategic privileged partnership between india and russia. newley maneuvers in a complex configuration between russia, the united states and china. the balance is movable. now narendra fashion has found it necessary to emphasize the long-standing and durable connections with moscow, then he will emphasize another indian understanding, this is not to the detriment, in

addition. the partners get irritated in places, but this does not bother the indians. india has a unique approach, we always protect our own interests. accept that india is building friendly relations with different countries, whether they like it or not? the visit went well, it was politically confirmed that, despite the existing differences, both sides really value interaction, economically ambitious goals were set , the task of overcoming obstacles, those connected.

obstacles to money circulation, including the opportunities for russians. the visit gave impetus to work to eliminate enterprises in india. the problem today is that indian banks have too many russian assets; it would be advisable to invest them in indian objects so that they do not just sit there, but advance the interests of both countries. indian markets may not be growing at a breakneck pace, but they are growing. russian capital should not be afraid to go to india, for investors it is very reliable and profitable, there is a a very high level of trust, only the business sector lags behind. last year, india became

russia's second trading partner after china. trade turnover between the two countries has reached $65 billion, although this is mainly russian exports. india supplied only 4 billion worth of products to russia. the imbalance in trade is colossal. after the introduction of sanctions, moscow and delhi agreed to introduce mutual settlements in national currencies, but back in may last year, sergei lavrov, at a meeting with pashus colleagues, said that russia has accumulated billions of restrictedly convertible rupees in indian bank accounts. according to the russian minister, india promised to offer russia.

on the territory of india and they are converted into rubles. the head of vtb, andrei kostin , recently said that in this way the problem of stuck rupees was solved. his colleague, sberbank president german gref, is more cautious. since the rupee is not a freely convertible currency, it is necessary to come up with rather complex mechanisms. but the situation may change in the near future, as soon as ropia becomes convertible currency. there were also very exotic options, for example, allegedly back in 2022, russian companies and banks bought gold jewelry in india , which they exported to the emirates, where these products were melted into bars and sold for foreign currency, then the export proceeds

went to russia, this is, of course, completely exotic, but many economists said that one of the options for solving the problem is to switch to chinese yuan or dirhams. russia's india continues to trade in unfriendly currencies. two bank centers should simply agree on the interconnection of national payment systems. us

currency, once this is fixed, the problem will disappear. most indian banks operate in western markets. they do not want to fall under american sanctions, but i am sure that in the near future there will be an independent two-way payment network that will operate legally . all technologies are there. the only question is political will and legislative basis. however, difficulties are not only political or technical, but also human. lack of sufficient interaction skills. there is a problem on a human level. at the business level. everyone is accustomed to two special types of business interaction: the military-technical sphere and natural resources. new industries require different skills: collaboration. equal intellectual interaction, copyright issues, a qualitatively different type

of trust is needed, deeper than the political mutual trust in modern developments. russian companies are opening up opportunities to work in india, create joint ventures here, this is a huge market, but everything is difficult. russia is used to working with europe; this is a thousand-year-old tradition. in what areas is cooperation most promising, besides the well-known oil and military products? food security, clean energy sources, including nuclear energy. production facilities - not only classic military products, but everything related to cybersecurity, including equipment and, of course, cooperation in the field of fintech and artificial intelligence, it is worth focusing on fertilizers. india really needs this cooperation. climate change,

supply chain instability, sanctions are all destabilizing markets and confusing consumers. russia can become a guarantor of stability in this area and the moment for quickly establishing communication is ideal, because european markets have closed for russia, it’s time to diversify. well, russia and india have a very long-standing relationship in the field of nuclear energy production. dockings between russia and nato, we are still let's talk, but for now let's linger in

india's neighborhood, visiting its sworn neighbors in pakistan. our regular contributor, asim alirana, found out what this country supplies the whole world with. football is perhaps the most popular sport in the world, and although pakistan lags behind most countries in the overall team standings, it is... as a manufacturer of equipment, it is a leader. 70% of all soccer balls are made here. in the city of sealkot alone, there are 1,500 factories producing various sports equipment and more than a thousand of them they make football swords. our country has achieved some success in the football industry. this is evidenced by the fact that the last four world cups were played with balls that were made in...

the fabric for future balls is covered with liquid latex, then dried and cut into pieces; if it is not dried completely, the ball may be reshaped. after drying, the pieces are painted according to the client's wishes. pakistani craftsmen hand paint hundreds of balls in a matter of minutes; when the paint dries, they begin sewing. the pieces are joined together with fine

needles and strong thread. according to kashif almas, no football in the world can compare with the pakistani one. unfortunately, our government does not attach much importance to exports. sealkot is a small town, most of the industries here are artisanal and they need support. businessmen here have a lot of problems; when we asked to reduce taxes, we received an additional tax burden. akram argues that if the business receives incentives, sealkot's annual export earnings could grow by $4 billion. good for the country's economy. sunday is

the final of the european football championship. it won't be possible without pakistani balls. we will soon see who will prevail in the duels between the spaniards and the british, the southern or western flank of nato. about the alliance after the commercial. if everything looks like the wild west, then there is only one law. shoot first. competition of ideas and money. there was a sensation, and what a sensation. they tensed up and... inside america outside its borders. what is the remaining intrigue, why now do you need to watch and follow? this is america, a program about the country, which is difficult to understand. the anniversary summit of

the north atlantic treaty organization was held in washington, it turned 75 years old. zdravitz sounded pretty good. but there was also content, the alliance had clearly begun to rebuild on new tracks, the armored train was being rolled out of a siding. nato has never ceased to be a military alliance, and moreover, the north atlantic treaty organization, and despite the fact that it has always declared its defensive nature, it has always been associated with joint military planning, with military preparations, a case of direct military conflict with the soviet union, with the russian federation, so there is nothing new here. another thing is that indeed, uh, the last two administrations, uh, trump and biden, paradoxically, but especially biden, managed to achieve significant success in consolidating allies, in, uh,

intimidating them with the russian military threat . it is no coincidence that biden said that while speaking. at the washington summit said that now not nine, but 23 members of the alliance are fulfilling their obligations to fulfill military spending at a level of at least 2% of gdp, and he said that there will be more countries that will reach this level, the main american task is being solved so that the europeans pay more for joint - military defensive - measures, which means that with regard to plans, but then, what we have now seen is, of course, not a movement towards direct military preparations, but this is a significant renewal, a desire for a significant renewal of the alliance infrastructure, military infrastructure, military-economic, because the ukrainian

crisis, the conflict in ukraine , nato’s participation in it was indirect, shown in the form of arms supplies. intend to invest in pro systems that will cover not individual countries, but the entire space of the alliance, and this increases the role of poland, romania, turkey, where

elements of this system are located. secondly, it is emphasized that nato is a nuclear bloc. this is a response to likely scenarios for how russia could use its nuclear capabilities if the ukrainian conflict escalates. nato takes this opportunity to remind her that she has there are means of deterrence. topic: during the days of the washington meeting, the united states promised to base new fire weapons in germany from 1926, with a greater range than those

currently deployed anywhere in europe. these are multi-purpose sm6 missiles , tamohawk cruise missiles, as well as non-nuclear hypersonic missiles. first on a temporary and then on a permanent basis. the old-timers started talking about deja vu. crisis. countries, it is not surprising that experts have started talking about the possibility of a decapitation strike when one missile destroys the entire leadership at once , at least theoretically, this is a chance to win a nuclear war. us defense james schlesenger in 1973 introduced this concept as the basis of us nuclear policy. soviet missiles need to fly across

the ocean, while american nuclear weapons in europe can get a good head start, because their flight time to moscow is counted in minutes. the united states began to review its forward deployment system with the participation of european countries and involved france, which was not then was part of nato. dagol sought to maintain the neutrality of the fifth republic in a potential nuclear conflict, for which he even left nato, but after signing the ottawa declaration, france became part of the general system of confrontation with the soviets, including the use of nuclear weapons. ussr defense minister dmitry ustinov was inclined to give a tough answer: in the soviet union in 1976, a new solid propellant missile, the pioneer, appeared. same year. she went on combat duty in belarus and systematically began to replace liquid r-12 and r-14 missiles. according to

nato classification, the ss-20 had great advantages. first, liquid-propellant rockets required refueling and preparation for launch with very toxic, complex rocket fuel. this took a lot of time; the solid fuel pioneer was immediately ready to fly. in addition, he had three. not a single nuclear warhead and was mobile. the first to point out its danger to europe was chancellor helmud schmidt. moscow and washington were just negotiating strategic weapons, which resulted in the salt ii treaty. although he wasn't ratified by the united states due to the war in afghanistan, its provisions were still respected. helmud schmidt drew attention to the fact that pioneer missiles remained outside the brackets of these agreements. counted.

the united states with guarantees to europe, while the carter administration strives for détente, so in december 79, at the nato summit in brussels ... a so-called double decision was made: firstly, pershiing-1 missiles were replaced by pershiing-2 ballistic missiles, although from -due to their limited range , tamohawk cruise missiles were also deployed in europe. they had speed lower, but they could definitely reach the territory of the ussr. the second part of the decision was that nato offered the ussr bilateral negotiations on medium-range missiles, but the carter administration still... hesitated and was in no hurry to make a decision, just at that time negotiations began with moscow on limiting nuclear weapons in europe, but in the fall of 1980, everything changed during

the elections in the united states. firstly, now our western partners or opponents emphasize exclusively the non- nuclear nature of what they are deploying, and secondly, this deployment is of a temporary border nature, thirdly, they are very actively planning to increase the actual potential of the western allies under this task, today we have already heard about the joint german-french-italian-polish initiative, that’s

about it.. . in principle, the conversation has already been going on for quite a long time, but some kind of european cruise missile-based missile is also waiting for us, this is really a very unpleasant story, because these missiles, regardless of how exactly they appear, in quite sensitive objects in the european part of russia, and moscow, in fact, will be within reach. in russia, the news was taken in a businesslike manner and a military response was promised. and firstly, this is a symmetrical answer. that is, what was promised for a long time, our missiles from the range line, development seems to be going on since 1919, it will be a full-fledged ground-based caliber, it will be something hypersonic, and this is something somewhere , apparently, at first they will show it beautifully , then they will start producing and deploying, again unlikely this will be some kind of massive production, because on the one hand we have slightly different priorities, here we have a special operation going on, but on the other

hand, it’s true that you can experience some of this for yourself. here is another element of the answer - this will actually be the continuation of the development of domestic air defense, this task has been facing us for a long time, before we were primarily afraid of cruise missiles, american sea-based airborne missiles, now various ukrainian products have been added to this, which, in principle, they are also in the nature of aerodynamic targets that need to be intercepted and detected, and are now being added. in general, new goals, this is all clear, but it is expensive, difficult, but i think this will be done, thirdly, as they again promised, that the threat will not be created, let’s say, to vassal coalition organizations, but directly to the adoption centers decisions, no matter how funny or scary this phrase may sound , in 2024, i think there will be, firstly,

the practice of sending. in general, this will all be enough for now limited.