events of the week, chronicle, facts, comments. we are breaking the usual patterns, i came to moscow on rendermode, the west is upset by public hugs. anniversary summit of the atlantic bloc, collective fears on the eve of elections, washington hosts guests. nato is preparing for a long standoff. the founder of independent india, visits moscow state university in june 1955, this is his first visit to the ussr, and was received with unprecedented pomp.

in june 1955, indian prime minister jevahar visited the soviet union for the first time. accompanying him as his personal secretary was daughter indira gandhi. this trip became one of the longest in the history of bilateral relations. in 16 days, nero and gandhi flew around almost the entire soviet union. large industrial

soviet enterprises. in a joint statement , the parties promised to develop bilateral relations based on the principles of peaceful coexistence and through strengthening ties. in june 1979, the soviet leadership warmly received indian prime minister mararji desai in moscow. leonid brezhnev personally came to meet his vavnukov. the parties agreed on close cooperation in the field of space research. flight of the first. indian cosmonaut took place 5 years later in april 84 on the soyuz t-11 spacecraft. the real darling of the ussr was indira gandhi, who visited the soviet union nine times. monuments were opened in her honor, and city squares were named for children. in july 1966, already the future prime minister on soviet television, she stated that friendship between india and the ussr was not just a fact, but an important international factor.

is of such a strategic nature because long-term directions are outlined cooperation and economic, in the field of energy security and, very importantly, in the field of science and technology, education, there are simply breakthrough things here, long-term goals of interaction have been outlined on a number of global problems, i believe that this is a big step forward.

india has only one approach: we always protect our own interests, relations with russia are as important as relations with other major partners, the west must accept that...

the problem today is that there are too many russian assets in indian banks, it was it would be advisable to invest them in indian objects so that they do not just lie there, but advance the interests of both countries, indian markets

are growing, perhaps not at a frantic pace, but it is growth, russian capital should not be afraid to go to india, it is very reliable and profitable for investors between our countries. there is a very high level of trust, only the business sector lags behind. last year , india became russia's second trading partner after china. trade turnover between the two countries reached $65 billion, although these are mainly russian exports. india supplied only 4 billion worth of products to russia. the imbalance in trade is colossal. said russia had amassed billions of restrictedly convertible rupees in indian bank accounts. according to the russian minister, india

promised to offer russia promising areas for investment. for example, in may this year, the hindustan times wrote that: russia invested the stuck rupees in stocks, government securities and infrastructure projects, but there were other options. last year the central bank of india (rbi) has approved 34 applications from various russian banks for opening special accounts in vostro rupees. with their help , transactions are carried out in india and they are converted into rubles. the head of vtb andrei kostin recently said that. this way the problem of stuck rupees was solved. his colleague, sberbank president german gref, is more cautious. since ropia is not a freely convertible currency, one has to come up with rather complex mechanisms. but the situation may change in the near

future, as soon as ropia becomes convertible currency. there were also quite exotic options. for example, allegedly back in 1922, russian companies and banks were buying. in india, gold jewelry was exported to the emirates. there, these products were melted into ingots and sold for foreign currency. then export proceeds went to russia. this, of course, is completely exotic, but many economists said that one of the options for solving the problem is to switch to chinese yuan or united arab emirates dirhams. both of these currencies are stable against the dollar, with both india and russia are active in this. uses them in its foreign trade. true, a year ago, the indian ambassador to russia, parvan kapor, argued that his country pays for russian oil exclusively in hard currencies, and not in rupees. this was confirmed by the head of vtb andrei kostin, saying that a significant part

of trade transactions between russia and india is still carried out in unfriendly currencies.

security - clean energy sources, including nuclear energy, production

facilities, not only classical military products, but everything related to cybersecurity, including equipment, and of course, cooperation in the field of fintech and artificial intelligence, it is worth focusing on fertilizers, india really needs this cooperation, climate change, supply chain instability, stabilizes markets , confuses consumers . russia can become a guarantor of stability in this area and the moment for quickly establishing communication is ideal, because european markets have closed for russia, it’s time to diversify. well russia and india have a very long-standing relationship in the field of nuclear energy production. russian facilities are extremely safe, there have not been any incidents so far. russian-indian ties are a large-scale, complex and complex phenomenon. on the one hand, common historical and cultural roots and intertwined interests, on the other, their

divergence on a number of important issues, not a complete ideological and ideological coincidence. what is not there at all is mutual antipathy, which means that all the inconsistencies will fit together, now or a little later. about real inconsistencies between russia and nato, we’ll talk later, but for now we’ll linger in india’s neighborhood, visiting its sworn neighbors. in pakistan, our regular writer, asim alirana, found out what this country supplies the whole world with. football is perhaps the most popular sport in the world, and although pakistan lags behind most countries in the overall team standings, it is a leader as a manufacturer of equipment; 70% of all footballs are made here, only in the city of sealkot. there are one and a half hundred factories producing various sports equipment, and

more than a thousand of them make soccer balls. our country has achieved some success in the football industry. this is evidenced by the fact that the last four world cups have been played with balls made in pakistan. 60 years ago, today, according to him, the market is filled with thermally sewn products , but those that are made by hand are also still popular. if you kick a hand-sewn soccer ball, it will fly straight to the target, to the goal, while machine-sewn balls can change the flight path, it is for this reason that most major tournaments are held with hand-sewn soccer balls, european leagues even use handmade soccer swords during training. the fabric for future balls is covered with liquid

latex, then dried and cut into pieces; if it is not dried completely, the ball may become deformed; after drying, the pieces are painted in accordance with the client’s wishes. pakistani craftsmen hand-paint hundreds of balls in a matter of minutes; when the paint dries, they begin sewing; the pieces are intricately joined with thin needles and strong thread, as they say.

in a duel between the spaniards and the british, the southern or western flank of nato. about the alliance after the commercial. remember what they told you when you decided to open a business. yes, you’re a girl, this is not a woman’s business, but you didn’t listen, because you

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to be a military alliance, moreover, the north atlantic treaty organization, and despite the fact that it was always declared to be of a defensive nature, it was always connected with joint military planning, with military preparations, and in case of... a direct military clash with the soviet union, with the russian federation, so there is nothing new here . another thing is that indeed, uh, the last two administrations, uh, trump and biden, paradoxically, but especially biden, managed to achieve significant success in consolidating allies, in intimidating them russian military threat. it is no coincidence that biden said that, speaking at... the washington summit, he said that now not nine, but 23 members of the alliance are fulfilling their obligations to incur military expenditures at a level of at least 2% of gdp, and

he said that they would more countries that reach this level, the main american task is being solved so that the europeans pay more for joint military and defensive, which means that with regard to plans, but what we have now seen is, of course, not, not a movement towards direct military preparations, but this is a significant renewal, a desire for a significant renewal of the alliance’s infrastructure, military infrastructure, military-economic, because the ukrainian crisis, the conflict in ukraine, nato’s indirect participation in it was shown in the form of arms supplies. military equipment, military advisers, showed that the military-industrial complex - not only of european countries, but also of the united states is not fully prepared for the level of

confrontation and military tension that washington and brussels politicians, this is the task of containing russia, the long-term task that both biden and stoltenberg spoke about, they spoke openly, this is in general...

or about the possibility of a decapitation strike, when one missile destroys the entire leadership of the country at once, at least theoretically , this is a chance to win a nuclear war. us secretary of defense james schlesenger introduced this concept as the basis of us nuclear policy in 1973. soviet missiles need to fly across the ocean, while american nuclear weapons are in europe can get a good head start, because it’s their time before moscow. flights are counted in minutes. the united states began reviewing its forward deployment system with the participation of european countries and involved france, which

was not a nato member at the time. daigol sought to maintain the neutrality of the fifth republic in a potential nuclear conflict, for which he even left nato. but after signing the ottawa declaration, france became part of the overall system of confrontation with the soviets, including the use of nuclear weapons. ussr defense minister dmitry ustinov was inclined to a tough answer. in the soviet union in 1976 , a new solid propellant rocket, the pioneer, appeared. that same year she. went on combat duty in belarus and systematically began to replace liquid-propellant rockets r-12 and r-14. according to nato classification, the ss-20 had great advantages. firstly, liquid-propellant rockets required refueling and preparation for launch with very toxic, complex rocket propellant . this took a lot of time; the solid-fuel pioneer was immediately ready to fly. in addition, it had three, not...

nuclear warheads and was mobile. the first one who pointed out its danger to europe was chancellor helmut schmidt. moscow and washington were just negotiating strategic weapons, which resulted in the salt ii treaty. although it was not ratified by the united states due to the war in afghanistan, its provisions were still respected. helmut schmidt drew attention to the fact that pioneer missiles remained outside the brackets of these agreements. in minutes. could destroy command centers, control points, and most importantly, ports that were necessary for the landing of the american allies. in germany there were serious fears that in response to this, the us will not use its nuclear weapons and will retreat from its guarantees. schmit believed it was important to link u.s. national security with guarantees to europe as the carter administration pursued détente. therefore, in december 1979, it was adopted at the nato summit in brussels.

the so-called double solution: firstly, pershing-1 missiles were replaced by pershing-2 ballistic missiles, however, due to their limited range , tamohawk cruise missiles were also deployed in europe. their speed was lower, but they could definitely reach the territory the ussr. the second part of the decision was that nato offered the ussr bilateral negotiations on intermediate-range missiles, but the carter administration still hesitated. in the eighties, everything changed to nuclear weapons in europe, but in the fall the energetic, assertive republican ronald reagan won the us elections; he adhered to a tough approach, which first led to the euromissile crisis, and then to the signing of the treaty on the elimination of intermediate-range and short-range missiles. another

step has been taken in the new euromissile crisis, crisis euromissiles 2.0, but the differences from the past are very serious, firstly, now our western partners or opponents emphasize exclusively the non-nuclear nature of what they are deploying, and secondly, this deployment is of a temporary border nature, they are very active. under this task, it is planned to increase the actual potential of the western allies, today we have already heard about a joint german-french-italian-polish initiative, in principle, we have been talking about it for quite a long time, but here is some european land-based cruise missiles are also waiting for us, this is indeed a very unpleasant story, because these missiles, regardless of how exactly they appear,

will be quite sensitive within reach... again, it is unlikely that this will be some kind of massive production, because on the one hand we have slightly different priorities, here we have a special military operation going on, but on the other hand it’s true that some of this can be tested in a special military operation, here’s another element of the answer - this will actually continuation of the development of domestic air defense and missile defense, this is the task before us