kolaches have deeply penetrated our everyday culture; people still call an experienced person a grated kalach. well, the kalach consists of three parts, everything is like a person’s. the largest plump part is called the belly, so why did they even buy it? this part is called the lip, this part is called the handle, well, its purpose. very simple, that is , most of the day, even a rich man, the same merchant, walked around with dirty hands, because there was no place to really wash his hands, so you usually washed your hands at home in the evening, and if during the day you wanted to have a snack, then they just went to the market, bathed the collage, took it by the handle with a dirty hand, ate the soft part, the handle remains, of course, they didn’t throw it away, because it’s a big sin to throw it away, the bread is even dirty, very often this handle was given as charity to a beggar . you raise these dirty

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in modern kolomna, the kolach museum opened, and a bakery opened with it. bells, in the end the recipe was recreated. the classic recipe for kolomna kalach is simple, like everything ingenious. a mixture of premium and first grade wheat flour - salt and water. no eggs, no butter, no sugar. the extraordinary taste of kalach is achieved solely due to the special properties of each

ingredient. the production of rolls continued until the revolution, after which it ceased for a week, and a completely different era began for us. the first decades of soviet power the government tried its best to provide the population with bread. during nepa's time, moscow and other large cities of soviet russia grew by leaps and bounds. and then industrialization began. a large-scale program for the construction of large bakeries was launched throughout the country in order to provide bread to the population that was moving en masse from villages to cities. we are located in the former boiler room of one of the most famous bakeries of that time, bakery number 9, which was launched in moscow exactly 90 years ago. back in 1934. during the era of industrialization

, this bakery was rightfully considered one of the most technologically advanced enterprises. he produced 190 tons of bread per day, a phenomenal figure at that time. the great russian engineer georgy marsakov invented the ring conveyor technology. production at the plant is organized from top to bottom. on the top floor there was a workshop where sponge flour was stored. on the floor below is the dough mixing department. even lower is the dough cutting and baking department. all floors were connected to each other by a conveyor. in addition, the bakery is a manifesto of the architectural avant-garde, literally the circular conveyor was dressed in a cover with red bricks, according to the precepts of the avant-garde, the form was completely justified by its function and did not require any additional decorations.

founded in the early thirties, the plant operated during the great patriotic war, providing muscovites with fresh bread. factories that worked using marsakov’s technology were not only in moscow, but in leningrad. during the war they baked the legendary blockade bread. in general, for many centuries, bread has been one of the main food products for the population living throughout the entire soviet union. the fact that bread is one of the main food products has been confirmed over the years. bread cards were introduced in leningrad even before the blockade, almost immediately after the start of the war. in the first days of the war, german bombers destroyed the leningrad bodayev warehouses. in just a few hours

, over 3,000 tons of flour were destroyed. here are the recipe components that used to produce blac. of bread. first of all, this is rye flour, one of the main components. there were no breweries operating in the city during the blockade, so the factories had a certain supply of malt, which was the main raw material for beer production. in particular, here is malt in grain, and in order to use it in kneading dough, it was ground into flour. the most difficult period for leningrad bakers and residents was the end of 1941, the beginning of forty-two. there was a catastrophic shortage of raw materials, they began to make flour from oats, which were transferred to the plants from

stud farms, bran was also used. the only non-edible raw material here is sunflower cake. after squeezing the oil out of the sunflower, this kind of meal remained, this meal was ground in the form of such flour and was also added during cooking. in total , bread standards were forced to be reduced five times during the blockade. from november 20 to december 25 , 1941, minimum standards were in effect. 200 g per day for workers, 125 g for employees, dependents and children. strived at the pace to restore the national economy, the population was growing rapidly, and there was clearly

a shortage of bread in the country. the leadership of the ussr turned its attention to the east of the country, and a decision was made to develop virgin fallow lands in kazakhstan and siberia. in connection with the rapid development of productive forces in siberia, an urgent need arose for the development of agricultural science in this vast region. and in 1969, the government of the soviet union decided to build an agricultural research center near novosibirsk, which would ensure the development of the territory food everything related to it. during the period of existence. the siberian branch of wax has created more than 1,600 varieties, of which more than 200 varieties of wheat alone, and today

these varieties give a yield of up to 70-80 centners of grain per hectare. it is important to understand that all these 200 varieties were created in extreme conditions, in a zone of risky farming. however, in the main resident of russia in kuban there were enough problems, pavel pantelimovich lukyanenka was involved in solving them. from a family, as they would say today, farmers from cossack family, he decided to change the wheat plants so that the yields would be higher in the kuban. often, even here, with this excellent soil and seemingly

wonderful climate, during his life the harvests doubled and even tripled; in the seventies they already received 30 cents versus 10, 12, which they received at the beginning of the century. over 43 years of breeding work. pavel lukyanenko, or the grain dad, as he was called in kuban, created 43 varieties. the most famous of them was and remains bezostyya one. in the seventies, sixties, seventies of the past century, professor johnson, american, made a world test, international, of the newest varieties of wheat. so, the bezosta variety alone had such an adaptive potential that it... for several years took all the first places at all test points, this is

unprecedented, because you understand, different soils, different climates, and here to have such stability and ecological fitness is a great achievement. in creating this unique variety, pavel ukyanenko used wheat varieties from almost all over the world. as a result the result was a variety that is still used not only here, but also far beyond the borders of our country. just last friday, a week ago, we had the turks, they said, and today we have the word bezostoye for every farmer, it’s a synonym. bezosta, bread is equivalent, that is

, imagine, how many 50 years have passed since then, this is how they remember bezosta in turkey and many still cultivate it. bread in the soviet union ceased to be in short supply in the mid -fifties of the last century. the country has started operating at full capacity bakeries operating around the clock. then people stopped baking bread themselves. the revival of centuries-old traditions began only in the late nineties. at a historical moment. maxim sirnikov himself takes me out of the russian stove, the sverskaya dovebina, real russian bread, bread, bread, yes, like that, i even want to just sit, live with this smell, you can never go anywhere for centuries,

that’s how russia is, mother has stood for 1000 years and sniffs. i want to join her, he is so surprisingly gentle, because you expect, you know, such rudeness from rye bread some kind of hardness, and here the chicken is hard, tender, pleasant, aromatic inside, i would like such bread in my life, also in the lives of all our viewers. was present daily, water, proper rye flour, yes, salt, sourdough, salt, salt, sourdough, here’s the recipe for the perfect russian bread, such a pure, natural taste, with a pronounced

crust, something you can’t buy in a store in the last 200 years. bread has shaped our attitude to life, to our present and our future. without grain, without bread they impossible. only by continuing to continuously develop agriculture, preserving our traditions, our history, culture, inextricably linked with bread, will we be able to strengthen our independence and preserve our identity. in the russian tradition, bread is the main resource of life, it is the embodiment of life somehow. in fact, that’s why creating bread is not just a job and it’s not even a calling, it’s a real mission. when confronted with bread, a person is literally transformed. that's what our distant ancestors thought, that's what they think our contemporaries, regardless of their age, nationality and place of residence. we really hope that you think so too. bread is

the basis of civilization. we had bread. every day i take a piece of black bread and always enjoy life. bread is peace, bread is peace, and it is so designed by god that without bread a person, well, cannot live. this is the basis of our life, these are the historical roots that nourish us. if there is a lot of bread in the country,

a lot of grain, then the country is alive, will live. this is the power of our country, its strength. and power, bread is life, bread is the head of everything, we remember this saying, yes, it won’t go anywhere, the field of the sky lured me away, then i learned the power of bread, now i fly above the clouds and glorify russia, its fields, the history of bread goes back several thousand years, during this time, some empires collapsed, others grew in their place, people explored space, defeated incurable diseases, invented the internet, invented artificial intelligence, no matter what happened on our planet for thousands of years, one thing remained unchanged: bread in our home. so that we daily bought fresh bread at the nearest bakery; hundreds of russian geniuses worked for centuries, they advanced progress, made the world a better place, saved it from hunger, sometimes at the cost of their own lives. nowadays, as centuries ago, as a result of the efforts of hundreds of thousands of people

in various parts of our country, revolutionary technologies and programs are regularly created and implemented without... treatment, they improve the agricultural industry, increasing our main wealth, grain, and therefore bread. every day in small bakeries in giant bakeries, from from kaliningrad to anadar, from derbent to donilsk, bread is born, without which we would have no science, no art, no culture, no business. without which we would not exist. hopefully, now that you 've watched our series, you've learned, if not.

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, russia, russia, russia, russia, russia, russia, russia, russia, russia, russia, russia, russia, russia, russia, russia. here in avdeevka they brought people down, there was terror, it’s flying, everything is flying here, guys, the war is real, here people live completely differently, they didn’t hurt you here until our people came, don’t ask, i’ll be like a wolf, i’ll hide in the basement, when... you're here outside the window so you sit and think whether the next one is for you or not, during the last explosion there were 18 people left under the slabs who are still lying there. lord, oh, thank you, that’s just

it, we came here forever, have you ever thought about what would happen to us if we didn’t have bread. bread is the world, it is the most sacred thing a person has. something that every family has. bread created our civilization, contributed to our evolution and technological revolution. this is both the future of humanity and the history of humanity. this is a universal language. over the past 2.0 years bread has shaped our attitude to life. this is the power of our country, the strength of its imot. every day i take a piece of black bread, i always enjoy life. when confronted with bread, a person is literally transformed. that's

what they thought. our distant ancestors, we really hope that you think so too. khersanez saw a lot, including the courage of the ancient inhabitants who saved the city from scythian raids, and the miracle of epiphany that happened here to prince vladimir. we are grateful to prince vladimir, precisely because he brought forward the future national construction precisely this spiritual foundation. and it happened. it is here in hersanes, the territory where the ancient greek and roman imperial times merge with us, this is a unique union of peoples, times, cultures and civilizations. hersanez, returning to us, again christened russia with his grace. we will see a lot in ourselves by studying the history of our predecessors.

kersanez, klybel. russian orthodoxy , this alone gives us the right to consider crimea russian. khersonically, it should become a russian meca, which should attract people from different sides of the world. how hersanez became a kind of assembly point for russian statehood, spirituality and unity.

which means it is necessary to provide decent living and working conditions for residents of donbass and novorossya now, the head of state said. the main task following the results of a large meeting on the development of new russian regions is to speed up the restoration of the territories. the suspect in the car bombing in the north of moscow is awaiting extradition to russia. the alleged criminal was detained in turkey after just a few hours later.