>> senator tim kaine. >> thank you german, thank you to the witnesses. the houthi your is abhorrent but i have great skepticism about what we are doing right now. have great skepticism about the legal authorities, i have great skepticism about the absence of the true shared responsibility with nations whose ships are being attacked by the houthis. why should the usa and uk be shouldering the burden of protecting other relationships? i have serious skepticism about the effectiveness of this operation in terms of the escalating attacks in the red sea. to begin with legal authority, i think we have all conceded that there is no congressional authorization for these hostilities. the hostilities definition in the war powers resolution has clearly been met we're talking about 200 attacks on houthis. we are losing troops. they are losing civilian casualties and others. this is hostilities. there is no congressional authorization. to claim that this is covered by article 2 self-defense, this means you can defend u.s. personnel, you can defend us military assets,