katruda, invested 46 billion in development and we expect to invest another 18 billion into the 2030's and oncology is just one of merck's many areas of discovery. right now nearly 20,000 researchers seeking break thieu treatments for immune disorders, infectious diseases, alzheimer's and other ailments threatening the health of many people. to advance this critical work, we've invested more than $159 billion in r and n since 2010, including 30 billion in 2023 alone and have invested more than 10 billion in capital in the form of both investments in manufacturing and r and d, over the last five years, in the united states, creating more jobs for americans. we do not hesitate to make these investments because they are necessary. at the same time many americans are struggling to afford health care, including prescription medicines and we're eager to find solutions to these access and affordability challenges. that's why we supported changes to medicare part d that allow beneficiaries to pay their costs over time and publicly disclosed our u.s. pricing data, including the average rebates