the confederate interior.t the very least, these wars in the confederacy and the withdrawal support by tens of thousands of unionists and deserters and conscript invaders continued to shorten the war, perhaps by several months. it would, however, be the u.s. army that would finally topple the government and free unionists from the fear of constant threat. thank you very. i appreciate. if you have any questions. i'm happy to take some. yeah. dr. myers, very good presentation. and i was curious. so there were there was more organized than, you know, the unionists in north carolina in terms they called them what the way or the heroes of america or red strings. so how did that play out later on under i think it was william w was it holden ran for governor of course against vance. yeah. so how did that whole peace movement, everything play out in the context of this guerrilla campaign? yeah, this is a great question and it's a complicated answer dave, so i appreciate it. in 1864, zebulon vance comes back up for ree

be confederate money. now, maybe 1861. that's great. by 63, when inflation is crazy, you think is bad. now you should think about the confederacy. so no, there's no record that they receive financial compensation as to your your last question about attitudes changing towards enslaved people and the idea of equality, there are it comes a lot more slowly i would argue. all right. so as as you have encounters with enslaved people and so this is this is you know it's history is a is a muddy mess at times. so there's a book that came out recently, it's i think paul scott wrote this and this is a book. racial towards black people among white northerners and. so you can be both abolition minded also not want to extend the franchise to black people and which is what you see certainly i mean lincoln is someone who goes to this evolution. right. so lincoln's not wanting extend the franchise. he does come to it. and frederick douglass, i think as a significant factor in changing those perspectives. but you don't have

be confederate money. now, maybe 1861. that's great. by 63, when inflation is crazy, you think is bad. now you should think about the confederacy. so no, there's no record that they receive financial compensation as to your your last question about attitudes changing towards enslaved people and the idea of equality, there are it comes a lot more slowly i would argue. all right. so as as you have encounters with enslaved people and so this is this is you know it's history is a is a muddy mess at times. so there's a book that came out recently, it's i think paul scott wrote this and this is a book. racial towards black people among white northerners and. so you can be both abolition minded also not want to extend the franchise to black people and which is what you see certainly i mean lincoln is someone who goes to this evolution. right. so lincoln's not wanting extend the franchise. he does come to it. and frederick douglass, i think as a significant factor in changing those perspectives. but you don't have

he was a confederate surgeon, william selman parr, and was his name. and he had cousins and an aunt living in downtown shepherdstown home still stands there today. for those of you familiar shepherdstown, it's near the train station, right across tommy's pizza, but you can still see it today. it's marked as many of the homes in shepherdstown are. but dr. parr and lived in barbourville, virginia, more down in the central part of the state. he was a surgeon in confederate artillery battery and he took some time during this march to harpers ferry to again leave ranks and go and visit with his family and friends. now, part had left behind his pregnant wife and one of his infant children back at home. and so during the course of the conversation between william and his cousins, his cousins tried to convince and say, write your wife and tell her to come up here to be with us so that not so far away from everybody. and one of his final letters that's unfortunately not dated pardon. and wrote to his wife indicating to her, you know, the family is offering you

six were exchanged for confederate prisoners.he rest, including philip and george -rpb tried as spice and both sentenced to death -- spice and both is -- spies and both sentenced to death. when that fateful day came, as they approached the gallos, philip and george stood tall. a crowd gathered around them, private wilson turned to face the crowd, summing the ultimate measure of grace. and according to reports from that day, this is what he said. he looked at the crowd and he said, he believed they were wrong, but he did not harbor hostility toward the people of the south. he said, it was not them but their leaders who were responsible for the rebellion. and he said, the time would come when the union would be restored and the american flag would wave over the entire nation once again. ladies and gentlemen, until the very end, george and philip believed in the united states of america. the only nation on earth founded on an idea. every other nation in the history of the world is based on geography, ethnicity, religion, or some oth

the sons of confederate veterans. i'm not sure how national it is but even today, it is an influential organization here in maryland. bradley t johnson was a confederate author from frederick and he played a huge role in that with his speaking tour and his memoir. there were a number of memoirs written by confederate veterans. there was one by bradley johnson from western maryland. johnson wrote a memoir called the road to stonewall. someone said it should've been stonewall road to me. those are examples of confederate writers and very influential guys who helped to embed this lost cause narrative in maryland. it was in school books in the maryland state song which was eliminated only last year after many efforts. the first stances called lincoln a tyrant and it was a very pro-confederate song and every three or four years there would be an effort in the legislature to get rid of it and it finally succeeded i think last year or the year before. these efforts that postwar confederates undertook to establish this narrat

six were exchanged for confederate prisoners. restd george -rpb tried both sentenced to death -- spice and both is -- spies and both ea. when that fateful day came, as they approached the gallos, philip and george stood tall. a crowd gathered around th private wilson turned to face the crowd, summing the ultimate measure of grace. and according to reports from s. he looked at the crowd and he said, they were wrong, but he did not harbor th south. toward the p he said, it was not them but s whwere responsible for the rebellion. and he said, the time would come when the union would be restored and the american flag would wave over the entire nation again. ladies and gentlemen, until the very end, george and philip erica.ed in the united state the only nation on earth founded on every other nation in the history of the world is basn geography, ethnicity, religion, or some other attribute. the only nation founded on an idea. the idea that all men are created equal, deserve to be treated kwaety throughout their --ly throughout their l

a group of two dozen soldiers, would travel 200 miles deep into the confederate t steal a confederate train near north to chattanooga, just over the border. which union troops were preparing to capture. along the train journey, they would destroy enemy bridges, railroad tracks, telegraph lines,ions and vital supply lines. both the confederate army used to move troops. all that would make the union capture chattanooga much more likelyndrmy from both valleys, a huge strategic victory. couldhear to a swift end. risk of all of this mission, were enormous. ainl be killed -- if caught, they would certainly be killed. philip, joran and all the men were given a chance to walk away. not one of them did. not of tm walked away. instead they changed into civilian clothes, got a few hours' sleep, and set out for georgia. several days later tphaoerlg ald philip, made it to the point, a train station just north of atlanta. they gathered at midnight and waited until morning when the conductor and passengers disembarked for breakfast. that's when they made their move. quickly and quietly, they detache

but the confederates are on those. but the reality is, if the confederacy had followed its own rules from 1806, there would have been a lot less bloodshed. chambersburg not have been burned. one, by the way, one of the one of the aspects of the lieber code is you cannot destroy private property for revenge. now, this leads to interesting questions when you're dealing with bushwhackers and whether you're burning a 60 year old possessions right. but the answer would be that this isn't revenge against her. this isn't revenge is for her acts, not for something. in other words, you can't punish because of chambersburg. you can punish her for the acts that she committed. now, these are these are hard to to pass especially in the fog of war. another question. yes. did the. in the mike johnson sway gen general sheridan is riding the general sheridan is riding with the meek right now. does the lieber code predate. i'm not sure if it was formal or. informal. naval of war. i know the lincoln year was sunk in world war two by the

and it's a very pro-confederate song. efforts every three or four years for the legislature to get rid of it and have something else. emily succeeded either last year or the year before. these efforts that postwar confederates undertook to establish this narrative was really very effective and they are still with us i think. there are a lot of us who were trying to get the word out that maryland was fundamentally a union state and the records show that work with that, let me conclude, and i thank you very much for your attention in the great questions. >> american history tv, saturdays on c-span two, exploring the people and events that tell the american story pure country: 30 p.m. eastern, vanderbilt university professor joshua clinton on the rise of: on political issues from the 19th century to modern times. are: 30 p.m., the july 4th celebration featuring a reading of the declaration of independence by actors for training historical characters, including abigail adams, benjamin franklin and thomas jefferson, hosted by

eventually eigsc six were exchanged for confederate prisoners.est, including philip and george -rpb tried as spice and both sentenced to death -- spice and both is -- spies and both sentenced to death. when thae gallos, george stood . a crowd gathered around them, turned to face measure of grace.th and according to reports from that day, ths said. he looked at the crowd and he said, he believed they we wrong, but he did not harbor hostility toward the people of theouth. he said, it was not them but their leaders who weresponsible. and he said, tim would come when the union would be restored and the american flag would wave over the entire nation once again. ladies and gentlemen, until thep believed in the united states of america. the only nation on earth founded every other nation in the history of the world is based o, or some other attribute. but we're the only nati founded on an idea. thea men are created equal, deserve to be treated kwaety throughout their -- equally through we haven't always lived up to that, but like george and philip, we'

he received word from the anxious president from the baltimore and ohio railroad that confederate troops were advancing through the shenandoah valley. the path from there to washington, d.c. was wide open. the city was poorly defended with union soldiers. they were away attacking richmond at the time. washington seriously menaced, was incapable of self-defense. that much was clear he wrote years later. staring at that map, wallace understood that the threat was very real and his responsibility was crystal clear. without orders, without orders, he departed for menoxie junction where the roads and railroad leading to washington and baltimore crossed a tributary of the potomac. upon arrival he stood on a bluff looking down at the river and green pastures and golden wheat fields it beyond it. he could see the stee pells of frederick, maryland, not far off and the patokin mountains. the peaceful summer was interrupted with the echo of distant gunfire. and soon it was clear, general robert e. lee sent general jubal early north to take washington. he had crossed the potomac and was on his way e

but there are an awful lot of guerillas, confederate guerrillas. i don't know if you remember the famous where blacks first participated in great numbers. it milligan's ban and when a group of guerillas from taylor's army a group of regular troops from army tried to wipe out a federal supply depot called milligan's ban, there were operations along the red river, for example. there were operations in texas as well. so there was a war in the west of missouri, across the mississippi, early conflicts in that part of the country arkansas, the big battles of arkansas, little rock places like that. it's just that they don't get into the consciousness. we're so one of the things that started me in my vicksburg was i was so angry with ken burns, a good friend. ken, i think a magnificent series on the civil war. but he passed vicksburg like a nanosecond. and i thought that's a pretty big battle, you know, and i understand why he didn't have photography and few documentary filmmaker you don't have images. you can't do the battle. that was a magnificent series

they would form separate confederations, separate countries.is the problem with that that instead of forming one united states we formed two or three separate nations or confederations? it might have been very natural in terms of their understanding of democracy and the differences between new england and the middle colonies and the southern colonies. there greatest fear was they were going to end up fighting and civil wars. they had all manners of unresolved problems among them. they feared the finances of the nation, the debt they owed france and some to spain and commerce on rivers, commerce and land and the disposition of lands in the country -- there was a lot of unclaimed land -- who was going to get it? they did not result these differences through the remediating process of the central government, they were certain they would fight civil wars. that is the central conclusion. what was that something they could happen in the continental congress that could lead to a breaking apart of the government? i posit to you it was the pursuit of on

sabotaging the railroad that the confederate army used to move troops.ll that would make capture chattanooga much more likely and that would cnfed armh valleys, a huge strategic victory. could bring the war to swift end. of all of this mission,, the were enormous. if caught, they boo certainly be killed -- if caught, they would certainly be killed.philip, jorn were given a chance to walk away. not one of them did. not one of the away. instead they changed into vi got a few hours' sleep, and set out for georgia. several days later tphaoerlg all of them, inclueorge and philip, made it to the rendezvous point, a train station just north of atlanta. they gathered at midnight and ps disembarked f move. quickly and quitach three box ca locomotive, hopped , moving at full speed north to tennessee. immediately rain made it nearly impossible to burn the tracks and bridges along thee we track that were not supposed to have been slowing them down considerably. by then in hot pursuit. george and philip and the rest of the raiders didn't quit. they kept going nearly

pension bureau and former confederate states like virginia. that the last decade or so have really taken with historians. but there's so many that we're only now beginning to mine the gems that that live in these records and also newly master digitized medical journals and newspapers which represent a boon to digital historians. and what i learn from this process was essentially that addiction cost, like alpheus, chappell, everything, it cost their livelihood, their self-esteem, military entitlements like pensions, it cost them their families who abandoned them in many cases. oftentimes it cost them their freedom and even their lives. and so one major reason for this suffering is the cultural perception of opium slavery, addiction was not the word addiction. that is not commonly used until after the year 1900. and so searching for to describe what they experiencing and what they were seeing 19th century americans routinely to opium addiction as slavery to opium. but this this phrase and the lived experience of that phrase defied cultural ideal

territory and steal confederate training. over the georgia border, with troops referring to capture? along with a traded journey they would destroy enemy bridges, railroad tracks, telegraph li lines, suffering communications and vital supply lines, it sabotaging the boat that confederate army used to move troops. all of that would make the capture much more likely, and without the cut of that confederate army from both ohio and then this is a be -- mississippi river valleys, that huge strategic victory to bring the war to a swift and? risk of this mission and the risk of all this mission were in norma's? they would certainly be killed, philip cagle george, all the men were given a chance to walk a away, not one of them did, not one of them walked away. instead they changed into civilian clothes, got a few hours of sleep, and set out for georgia. several days later, all of them getting george and philippa made it to the rendezvous point, a train station just north of atlantic, adding at midnight and waited until morning when t

he very reluctantly performed nonmilitary service for the confederate government. but after the war, quickly embraced the republican party embraced emancipation and became a radical or a and a leader. in georgia, political leader in georgia. and ackerman was profoundly moral. man. he was deeply religious and he recognized and i mean his own notes and notes and letters on the subject are extraordinary. they're mostly at the university of virginia. he saw deeply what motivated his fellow white southerners to commit acts of terrorism. he was appalled by it morally and he dispatched cadres of federal into the south who would prosecute the klan. so prosecutors prosecute their backed up by the army. thousands of klansmen are arrested and indicted. many, many imprisoned locally for for varied periods of time in the end only comparatively small number are sent to federal prison. so since our time is is finite here i'm going to cut to the chase a bit and say, well, what happened? the war against the klan. grant's war against the klan was a success. it broke the klan. the kl

six were exchanged for confederate prisoners. the rest including philip and george, or try to spies. both sentenced to death that fateful day came as they approached the gallows philip and george still stood tall a crowd gathered around them private wilson turn to face the crowd some of the ultimate measure of grace and according to reports from that day, this is what he said look through, the crowd and he said, he believed they were wrong but he did not harb or hostility toward the people in the south he said was not them, but their leaders are responsible for the rebellion and he said the time would come when the union would be restored in the american flag would wave over the entire nation once again. ladies and gentlemen, till the very end george and philip believed in the united states of america the only nation on earth founded on an idea every other nation in the history of the world is based on geography, ethnicity, religion, or some other attribute but we're the only nation founded on an idea that ideas we're all men are

this is a confederate musket, which is a copy of the union musket, the federal musket. and you can see it's okay it's darker is not in as good a shape. but you can see the federal had this mechanism here in the confederate version they know how to make that. so they just left it off. and so it's a little bit cruder another issue we have skilled workers in the south. biggest example locally. there were multiple rifle making shops in guilford county, multiple. and one of them was out off of 85 on, let's say rock creek dairy road, if you know that one of the exits off of 85, there was a confederate factory there, north carolina a made. they were doing a great of making muskets. but i found the paperwork for this musket factory here in town or in guilford county. and i'm finding the paperwork that this sort of set. they've been working and working and working. they almost finished all of these muskets. they had a big order of muskets ready to go. but muskets need springs, as you know, if you notice, to make it cocked back. you need a big spring. they have something like thr