without an engineering education, fyodor evstafiev developed and assembled. various devices for steamng fire and smoke pipes, cleaning locomotive boilers from soot, and tracks from snow. he invented the jack for lifting wagons. spark arrester, trestle for coal supply. the interests of the self-taught inventor were not limited to railway transport. evstafiev also proposed mechanisms for water, trying to improve the mushroom wheel, he thought about a device that, with the help of blades , could move not only through water, but in the air. after 6 years of work in 1909, evstaviev created a model of a helicopter that could take off and land vertically and hover in the air in front. the model was presented at the ekaterinoslav industrial exhibition in 1910. fyodor evstafiev received a patent for his invention, but did not find the means to recreate the helicopter in full size. 10 years later, the designer again applied for his invention, reworking some of its details. it took another 10 years for confirmation. a new soviet patent. was received in 1932. in the last years of his life , fyodo