intelligence gathering, through human spies, but also through what's called signals intelligence — gchq, nsa collecting data and sucking up information, intercepting signals. that, if you like, is regular spying. i think what's interesting at the moment is the claim is that china is doing something slightly broader, rather thanjust, if you like, intelligence gathering. things like going after dissidents, critics of china who are in the west. so whether those might be people related to hong kong or tibet, it might be chinese dissidents who'd been involved in tiananmen square who've come to the west, and that these people, china is going after in a more aggressive way, often using its intelligence services. also, political interference. there are claims of this in various elections, trying to shape political debate or push who might be able to stand for office. i came across one case which was actually in the us more than the uk, but of a guy called yan xiong who'd been one of the tiananmen square student leaders. he'd escaped, um, this undercover operation called operation yellowbird, in