sahar nadai toosi, professor of architecture faculty of shahid beheshti university.a of horizontal expansion of the city towards although it can provide benefits such as providing housing and a good quality living space around cities. but there are also disadvantages compared to. horizontal expansion towards the periphery increases the costs of providing water and energy infrastructure. alireza bahaduri, director of the urban development office of the 19th district of tehran. verticalization in big cities, especially tehran , is necessary because in terms of the macro-economics of the urban economy and the important issue of energy, verticalization should happen in big cities. should fit each city location to discuss vertically or. he has serious use of urban land for us, we have discussed this issue , but i would like to point out a few problems: the waste of land , the increase in the cost of maintaining the urban infrastructure , the loss of agricultural and garden lands and natural resources around the cities, the dependence of urban families on cars and the in