, the mythical and almost sacred city of timbuktu located right in the center of present day mari of west africa thrived really as bustling center of culture and learning during. golden age of islam, so of course now we're talking about that period in baghdad and the abaside establishment and of course huge wealth, and this wealth wasn't limited to the abbassits, we had of course the the phenomena of perhaps arguingly the richest man in the world that's ever been known is mansa musa the first who was the ruler of that that region which covered mali and f far more. timbuktu was basically under him transformed from a small but successful trading. post into a central commerce, into commerce and scholarship. mali has experienced years of conflict that has resulted in the destruction of several historical mausuleums in timbuktu. unesco, which declared timbuktu a world heritage site, has assisted in the reconstruction of the destroyed islamic heritage sites using traditional knowledge systems as part of an international cooperation campaign. traditional masons have used many techniques for