but then she ran this woodlawn experimental schools project, a black woman. eventually became the first black woman to be superintendent of a large school district in washington in the 1970s, and also edmonds, who was very much involved both in new york city public schools, but also in national public school policy. and they used corporate organizational models to replicate to replicate high achieving schools for poor black black children. but this was in form not so by their interest in privatized fashion as a solution to the problems that black were facing in education. but from their own work, in struggles, desegregation and community control. and i think their ideas reflected a different history and set of motivations from the market based school choice policies of organizations like the heritage foundation or the liberal democratic leadership council. so another example would be when sort of community based, independent institutions entered into creating charter schools, and that was like a big within the independent black school community because some l