the cosmodrome sites are connected by asphalt routes ; they began to build it in the distant fifty-fifth to replace the dirt road that ran along takyr salted clay soil, the car passed 2-3 times, so the era and the road turns into dust. the car goes on wheels, sinking somewhere up to 30-40 cm in the dust. imagine what kind of dust is going on, we see that somewhere on the side they are being driven into the water, we jump out, we stop our lives, guys. stop. each driver has a soldier's ladle, we climb onto this barrel, water and muddy hot we are exhausted right this water. the bad road did not allow the builders

to take out the goods from the railway station in time ; there was a certain period when the wagons were tried, when these wagons simply collided in the steppe. at this moment, construction manager georgy shubnikov made non-trivial decisions. he transferred all his forces to one object; the railway line from the station, almost 4 km long, was laid in the steppe in 72 hours. the rails could not be put on earth. they totally corroded in a short time, not the rails, not the wires, everything had to be suspended or laid on sandy pillows. the new railway was partially laid on the site of the old narrow gauge. this

helped the builders save a few important days, and now there is a small embankment that goes towards the launch complex. this is confirmation that there was a narrow gauge railway here. there is a lot of sun and warmth around one, the old steam locomotives soon gave way locomotive with engines of low power for a decade. they became the main mode of transport at the spaceport. i’ll use it under the table to the wheels comfortably, it was possible to rest

an hour and a half before work, it was quite possible and they played chess, some people play domino with just three. the first railway line went from the tyuratam junction here to platform number one. this start is the first in every sense of the word after april 61, it is called gagarin's. once the entire planet was waiting for reports from here, the commander becomes here.

report after the report, everyone is sent to the rocket after refueling for 2 hours of admission. on one of the farms, the number is 500, but there were more than 525 launches in total than at any other rocket launch site on the planet. the peculiarity is that the rocket that is launched from this launch complex. she seems to float in the air. and the lower power belt holds the rocket, so that it hangs over the launcher after the command, due to the counterweight , it unfolds and takes the form of a tulip. why is it here and, as it were, a symbol in the figure the phone is always drawn.

they developed the project of the complex in moscow at the design bureau of vladimir barmin on berezhkovskaya embankment, the solutions that the father proposed by his team, where there are no actuators, where counterweights are used and gravity itself only works in order to open the launch system. now the bartender's office has the status of a memorial. everything here is like the sixties in it. now igor is the bartender of the president of the russian academy of cosmonautics. after the death of my father, i headed the cp in general mechanical engineering, which was the developer of the startsev of a very large number of systems of various

values ​​​​both combat and space. the very first work of the design bureau of bartender sr. still impresses this cyclopean -sized concrete platform called a gas outlet. its thickness is several tens of meters, it takes on the blow of a jet of hot gases from the rocket nozzle. it didn’t exist, worked out in detail , and therefore they didn’t quite understand how to really count, therefore, they simply laid down a little. and now imagine the first builders

began to dig a giant pit literally with picks and shovels. we lived in dugouts, the same thing literally half a kilometer from the launch complex , the headquarters was located in dugouts. the dining room was in a dugout; the barracks were in a dugout; everything was in dugouts. and so we dug for a month. the two went deeper, deeper, deeper, deeper. ordinary builders did not yet know they had to dig the largest pit in the world with a length of 250, a width of 100 and a depth of 45 m. clay layer, which began with a two-meter depths in hardness resembled a stone, no excavator bucket, no jackhammers took it, they

drilled shurpe, planted explosives and blew up, and so every day how much where there we didn’t work everywhere around the clock emergency mode for baikonur is not uncommon, but it’s also hot at the cosmodrome and zheleznodorozhny the node was only once more in 1985 wagons per day. approximately this is a reinforced concrete product. this is from the crushed stone of this sand, these are metal structures that were delivered there at night, everything else, everything else that was necessary for construction. this is how the famous buran energy complex was built. if we talk in terms of the number of building structures, in terms of the number of systems? this is generally the most complex object in the world of all space rockets. engineer sergei pavlyukov

is still worried when he talks about his participation in the launch of a giant machine. can you imagine what voltage this control room is from where pavlyukov and his colleagues controlled the filling of huge fuel tanks with oxygen, liquid hydrogen, liquid e-e nitrogen, and this console controls the system that controlled the supply various and so on today at 6 o'clock moscow time in the soviet union, the launch of a universal rocket-space energy transport system with a reusable buran spacecraft, including engines, and a target, buran weighs no more than a boeing,

but its speed when in contact with the ground. this means that the impact load is several times higher for the runway, super concrete was required. concrete grade 600 is unique. so we did it for the first time, so we had to in order to make it. so, to make it, wash the sand, rinse and clean. crushed stone to sort the crushed stone, while the surface of the strip had to be made perfectly even. for 2 years we have been polishing this landing strip, 16 teams, surveyors were sent, the landing strip was mapped. and we handed over each map , that is, here is a surveyor. the concrete is fixed, it checks the grinding puts a signature , the operation accepts, but how to check?

did general leonid shumilov find a solution for the smoothness of the coating? i just took a glass of water full to the brim, which means i put it on the hood, slowly set off, soon gained 60 km / h and drove on this speed and slow also at the end of the lane braked. so he didn't loosen up at all. 2 years later, buran landed on the runway, the entire planet watched these shots. who are you mr. lysenko telescopic? still, something managed to create a new television. in general, it turned out, although a lot of people still called, what is it, but here it’s also necessary, you know how, when you come to lead, you can be a flexible

person they say if you stand here together and make a wish, it will surely come true. i want you so that the one who cares about me, finally filed, i don’t know. yes, me too. yes or additional options in the my mts application and get a 10% cashback on each debit, the most profitable sberbank deposit up to 16% per annum make a sber prime deposit with the ability to replenish sberbank online sber prime deposit is simply reliably profitable.

alice where cheaper alice does not sell us anything, she just looks for prices on the internet. millions for all signs of the horoscope tires set-top boxes smartphones and strollers from ber megamarket buy buy. install the sber megamarket app and get 500 bonus rubles for your first order sber megamarket jacket express delivery in the sportmaster app for those who don’t want to wait, download the sportmaster app now online more conveniently faster - this is the ability to pay for purchases on websites and in applications with any sberbank card working. pay for purchases on the internet without platooning card data quickly and

safely. payment is made through the sberbank application. online data will remain securely protected. continue to pay for purchases online, conveniently and safely. the fight for the title of world champion radjab putaev russia eimontestaneonis lithuania on the night of april 16-17 on the first every day participate in the drawing of guaranteed prizes and the jackpot from the league has become just from us a sneaker of food in the game by that time the name baikonur has often appeared in the press. but here it was not customary to pronounce it, you used to walk along the station platform along the train, and passing passengers ask you, what kind of city we didn’t answer, if suddenly someone inexperience, answered him in the kgb quickly explained, why was it forbidden to talk about saving.

viktor kulepetov recalls an episode from his childhood. once, on the train, i got into a conversation with a stranger and began to talk about the cosmodrome in colors. we have sites there where something like this is being done. what is being done there? my daddy, when i heard, it's like that i'm starting to invent there. he took me by the ear like this and once for the rest of my life explained to me what can and cannot be said on the train. strict mode secrecy was observed until the early nineties . that is why very few films and photographic materials have survived. at our disposal were rare films that were presented by colleagues from roscosmos. pyotr budnik has been fond of photography since his school years. one day i mustered up the courage. i took

a brand new fet and went on a photo hunt for astronauts. and i see a gagarit running out in a t-shirt in sweatpants with those knees stretched out behind him. titov well, gagarin runs, nothing whales runs through. he grabbed my camera and the film lit up. at the sixtieth young man for such an attempt had only been chided ten years earlier for intending to photograph something. it was quite possible to go to the kolyma. it would never have occurred to anyone, so simply in a free plan, that here is a combat crew in position. no, it didn't. yeah , why do you need this with a photograph, but, aren’t you communicating with the enemies of our beloved motherland, the main base of the training ground received the code name taiga for internal negotiations, for the outside world there were

several names. letters were written to us there, as if not wrote there. oh, yes, 50, then the address changed to tashkent 90 instead of the name of the objects, and today they often use site numbers, gagarinsky start is the first site, and the tenth city is the watchdog. it used to be leninsk now baikonur at first glance, everything here is like in an ordinary city, wide shady streets, alleys, green squares , it’s easy to even forget that we are in the middle of a real desert, an honorary citizen of baikonur konstantin kursky himself planted trees here as a boy in the sixties a car drove through the streets back

there were seedlings and seedlings were distributed to everyone and trees were planted. in general, everyone tried to somehow green up the city, improve it. now it is called shubnikov park. the name can be understood literally and georgy shubnikov, the chief builder of the cosmodrome , personally planted dozens of trees here. in our city, every house, every guest who was killed in the wall, he owes a fur coat, so he knew the fur coat, everyone knew him, everyone respected him. in march 1956, the reputation of the military leader was under attack and the victory of the ussr in the space

race. a huge pit, for which here thousands of people toiled suddenly began to fill with water builders stumbled upon an unknown underground lake. he said, if we do nothing , then in a few days, and this whole huge pit will be filled with water, it worked and the question arose what was to be done? actually one option is to look for another place. and this is a long time that could cause a delay of six months, then i can’t allow this to happen anymore. only a thin clay wall separated the pit from the underground lake, the builders understood if the water would break through its pit flood in a few hours. then

shubnikov's decisive order followed, he ordered the preparation of large explosive reserves, with the help of an explosion they compacted the walls of this cauldron. and they managed to cement and seal this cement masonry. it was one of those moments that change history. but then few people understood this, hardly anyone on the site guessed what would happen here in a little over a year. on may 5, 1957, a special commission accepted the first launch complex of the secret test site, and the next day, may 6

rocket r7, already installed at the start. and this was only the visible part of the huge amount of work people built baikonur in some unthinkable difficult conditions. here i think about it every time you know every time. i’m amazed, i can’t imagine how it was possible to do this by that time the americans already knew about the new one, it’s unrealistic to hide construction of such a scale from reconnaissance aircraft. built hundreds of kilometers of engineering networks of water supply 200 km of concrete roads 120 km of railways were built a huge amount engineering systems. however, according to some sources, the soviet special services tried to lead the enemy on falsities, they built it on purpose, and they

imitated the launch complex from a tree in a completely different place, supposedly misleading the u -2 planes, which were photographed with impunity. even the territory confirming this legend does not exist, no traces of a false spaceport have been preserved. expert igor marinin conducted an investigation, the station was built earlier a few years ago for testing missiles air defense in the past and up to this time in the fifty-fifth year. uh, the tests were over and she stayed there, that is, from the launch complex and for crayfish for uh, the military unit and so on. and this is what was used. it is unlikely that in this way the enemy's reconnaissance, indeed, could be misled. but the successful launch of the soviet satellite caused a real shock across the ocean. after october 4, 57,

mass hysteria gripped the united states. sputnik caused a crisis of confidence that swept through the country as hurricane from the memoirs of james keel, she is an adviser to the president and a zenhowr barnaulk science fiction writer. arthur clark said the day the soviet satellite made its first orbit around the earth, the united states became a minor power. the first successful launch of the spaceport at cape canaveral occurred only two and a half months later in december 1957, and the first american rocket with a satellite exploded at the start. for years to come, americans will only be second in space. spaceship with a man on board

ascended into space vladimir bryotilin the most important day in space worked at the console half a meter from korolev the young test engineer was so focused on his task that he missed perhaps the most famous word of the 20th century. let 's go, i didn't even perceive it with my ear, and i didn't hear it. these words drove attention, minute readiness. but everything else was heard by the peritoneum, perfectly. have a good trip in the races already as a rocket went and talked to him during the flight.

gagarin said the rocket drives the load a little are growing. the space flight is accomplished about how gagarin's flight ended, of course, they learned here before the rest. it was then that everyone truly understood the inconveniences of sleepless nights. all this was not in vain. when we arrived there in baikonur, there was only one two-story barracks built and all the officers were placed there. this is the same person that these barracks are still standing, they settled a huge number in the barracks. here in this first one, which the testers

then called the kazakh railway station, because there is always a little bit of traffic there. in this barracks in the autumn of 1963, a young specialist, vladimir troshkin, was temporarily accommodated. he came with his comrades from the khabarovsk rocket school, in the third year we were sent for military training. where they didn’t really tell us, they said some kind of teretan paratan, something the tyurats wouldn’t understand, then no one knew we were going to the station , we arrived on october 26, 1963. the 22-year-old officer forever remembered that day on the eve of his arrival at the cosmodrome, a catastrophe occurred on october 24 , 63, literally 8 people died. before us in two days, again, october 24th. this is the one an unlucky day for baikonur in different years,

it was on october 24 that two major accidents occurred at baikonur. the most infamous fire on the launch pad in 1960, the second stage engines and an explosion occurred, the explosion was so strong that metal and concrete burned. in the sixtieth, 129 people became victims of the disaster. until now, after 61 years, the spaceport is celebrated as the most mournful day in

history. well, generally speaking, it refers to one of the most such accidents of disasters during testing of rocket technology. we dug this grave and there many people are buried. basically everyone was buried in this common grave. the construction of baikonur was the last mission for georgy shubnikov as well as a feat. the man had not rested had even begun. he had insomnia, drug rotation could cope with this insomnia, and then sergei pavlovich korolev found out about this, he urgently provided a ticket and said that he was taking vacations and had a family vacation in kislovodsk. well, they didn’t have time. in june 1965 nastya shubnikov was a consultant and he

started to go blind. but imagine lying in the ward completely blind, but almost blind, someone came to him and he recognized the person by his voice, and they came in to solve some issue that was silent. they did not understand how to do this, sergei korolev urgently sent his colleague to moscow on a specially sent plane, but to save the builders. baikonur failed the space of the ruthless elements for its development was paid with dozens of human lives, including the lives of the builders, 25 people died a year and the builders have even more, i myself i remember sitting on the

112 platform of the gas station, sitting talking, watching a man flies from the roof and soft- boiled. as they say, one of the most dangerous industries is the oxygen plant, the soldiers who worked here were given special boots without metal studs. they feared that because of an accidental spark, everything would fly into the air. oxygen perfectly supports combustion, and here there are tens of tons of it. the temperature at the moment on the metal hose is minus 183°, this is the boiling point of liquid oxygen. this is how the entire oxygen plant baikonur looks like a falcon-earth orbit cosmonaut oleg artemyev took hundreds of such pictures from the iss.