everything would go exactly according to the plan drawn up on earth. the cosmonauts themselves, they say, the heroes give for landing , it is during landing that most often emergency situations occur such an overload if you lay down on the floor and on your chest, uh, put zaporozhets 420 km from the orbital station to the ground. it can be divided into three stages, the descent from the orbit is the landing itself, and on each of them there is a mortal risk in the porthole next to you, the metal melts, then it turns into a liquid state and evaporates. he very much burns such red-hot hot air tears in right powerful rotates completely. well, it's so emotional. frankly speaking, survival and emerge

victorious is only possible thanks to the professional preparation of one's own intuition and courage. the eyes of nikolai rukavishnikov and the first ever bulgarian cosmonaut georgy ivanov were riveted to a small doll floating in the ship. she was all the time in the ship without us, this figurine was presented to the astronauts before the launch for good luck, it was she who they needed so much luck. according to the chrysalis, rukavishnikov and ivanov, hovering in weightlessness, tried determine whether they managed to enter the earth's atmosphere if the talisman goes down, then

gravity has appeared and the crew is saved. the ship descends from orbit if not, then they are waiting for a painful death in space. on april 10, 1979, the first soviet-bulgarian space flight took place. bulgaria was represented by fighter pilot georgy ivanov. i have a suitcase with which i was a soldier, when gagarin flew, i was a cadet, and on this suitcase. roof first. i put our magazine from our magazine a portrait of gagarin and a portrait of titov came 18 years old, and i was lucky to fly. in

space, together with nikolai nikolaevich klyuchnikov, nikolai rukavishnikov worked as an engineer in korolev's design bureau and was included in the cosmonaut detachment during the additional recruitment of civilian specialists. in the seventy-ninth year, rukavishnikov had already managed to fly into space twice. true, in the position of a flight engineer in the soviet bulgarian flight, he was appointed crew commander. it was the first time in soviet cosmonautics that a civilian became the commander of a spacecraft, dear ones, comrades, we are ready for a space flight on the launch day at baikonur there was a strong wind, the cosmonauts were worried that the flight would be postponed, in order to support the crew, the metadistic instructor presented rukavishnikov with a talisman, a small doll for good luck, the talisman, it worked on time and normally. this is the start of the ignition.

archival footage shows the same doll that the astronauts took with them to the ship. and it's a doll. it turned out that this is the first such weightlessness sensor. i called it that. the launch was successful; the astronauts were preparing for docking with salute-6 station, where vladimir lyakhov and valery ryumin were already waiting for them, but 3 km from the fireworks in the line of sight on the ship, the main engine turned off. they did not understand, turned on the engine again. he turned off again. they reported this to the ground, that the engine was turning off by itself, began to sort things out on the ground, took a break at that time the ship. soyuz 33 flew past the salyut six station

and the glasses located there saw that some kind of lateral glow was coming from the instrument cluster, where the engine was located. that is, as if from there comes, either smoke, or, or, uh, elements, fuel splashes of some kind. in general, something side is not regular time. immediately reported on what he saw on the ground in the soup suggested that most likely there was an accident of the main engine. but no one knew exactly what happened. it was clear that one further flight was impossible without an engine not to stick to the station. astronauts need to be returned to earth. but how, after all, the main engine is responsible not only for docking, but also for the descent of the ship, we understood the main thing that rendezvous flight will not continue. we remain in

orbit. feverishly, they were developing a rescue plan, but the astronauts were told that the descent would be short tomorrow. rest well, how can they rest in orbit, and the engine that can return them to earth has failed. all night long he was scrolling through the options for salvation in his head, the newcomer ivanov did not interfere with the captain. i managed to take pictures. and here on earth. i had a camera, kiev 4, and managed to snap four films, it turns out that i came. 15 hours later, the earth announced its decision to leave orbits on the backup engine space flights

plan b provides for literally everything duplicating the crew of the backup engine, but in this particular case, zu was not sure of a positive outcome , the backup engine could be damaged by a jet of flame from the main lateral glow, which was observed from the station, was directed at him to diagnose this is impossible, because there are no sensors or a television surveillance system. if they had turned on the spare engine, and it would not have worked, then they would have remained in orbit. in a day. they would have died due to a lack of oxygen, that is, the risk was frantic and there was no longer a third engine to spare. even if the backup engine could be fired up, there was no guarantee that it would have enough power. plan b was just theory in practice, so no one ever landed. if the engine works out

very little of its resource and gives a small impulse, then we will push off from the atmosphere of the earth and again remain in orbit. this is rukavishnikov, and nikolai nikolayevich, of course, he certainly understood. and since he was the design bureau of korolev and took part in the development and education of these ships, he knew that everything was thorough and what risk he was taking. before starting the engine, everyone's nerves were on edge, in order to somehow defuse the situation and raise the spirit of the cosmonauts, the flight director alexei eliseev joked during a communication session in a chair well placed, you do not need to be taught. you have already looked at your neighbor for the third time, so that everything is also tightened up. the main thing is that the mustache does not stick out from under the spacesuit. mu relief backup

the engine was turned on so that the ship descended from the orbit according to the calculations of the tsup. he had to work 188 seconds to the commander of the ship. it was necessary to manually turn off the engine after the allotted time. the commander later recalled that the operation of the engine was also unusual. here he writes that the engine was running. somehow unevenly and obviously his thrust was less than necessary. any experienced auto mechanic can determine the breakdown in the car by ear, and an experienced engine engineer understood the rukavishnikov, he gives out incomplete power. and that means that they will not converge orbits, what was to be done in this case, there is no instruction, the indication of the tsup is also yes , and what can be solved on earth in 188 seconds. the commander then made a decision. well, let's just say to extend the engine by 25 seconds, since the thrust was

clearly less. he figured, so to speak, that he needed 25 seconds of extra time. you need to understand that all this rukavishnikov estimated and calculated in his head in seconds at that moment, he was helped by intuition, the experience of an engineer and, of course, courage, responsibility for these 25 seconds. he took over. the engine was redesigned, that is, they seemed to be ready to enter the atmosphere at an acute angle, which means with large overloads, but there were no signs that they were entering the atmosphere. it was then that, while waiting for the astronaut to enter the atmosphere, they did not take their eyes off the doll that had paired in weightlessness would go down. this means that gravity appeared and the ship descends from orbit, but the chrysalis continued to swim stubbornly in the air. and there were concerns. or maybe the engine wasn't running well either. maybe he even reworked it, but not

worked out the momentum needed to return. and this means that, having touched the atmosphere, they will return to orbit again and will no longer return to earth. and here, of course, they have goosebumps for minutes, expectations turned out to be eternity. the astronauts' eyes were riveted to the toy, as if their fate depended on it. well, someday they would enter the atmosphere, but they are no longer alive. was not talking about it. i underline i underline such variants did not speak. finally, the chrysalis began to settle the ship. approached the ground, the engine. really did not work at full capacity and the required 188 seconds. he would not have had enough cosmonauts saved those

same 25 seconds. never in the history of astronautics has there been anything like it. i can’t communicate directly, the overload is of the order of eight, they understood you, they understood you . steppe air after a space flight and even after such a flight, the highest pleasure. i can say for sure for both cosmonauts that this flight turned out to be the last in 1988, the second bulgarian cosmonaut alexander alexandrov, georgy ivanov, also participated in the selection, but did not pass nikolai rukavishnikov 83rd will undergo

training for the soviet indian flight, but for health reasons will not fly for georgy ivanov and nikolai rukavishnikov, the descent from orbit became one big emergency situation, because almost from the very beginning their flight. went not according to plan normally , everything happens as follows, the land arrived. the spacecraft are docked from the station, when it's time to return home, the spacecraft is a six-ton ​​machina pushes away from the station with the help of small springs in weightlessness. it's enough. with a diameter of a coin, such small ones push, according to the rules of the signal, they work and repel along the docking station. move away from the

orbital station. the ship's commander issues a braking pulse. this means turning on the main engine, it is he who gives the impulse in the right direction so that the ship leaves the orbit at this moment the soyuz spacecraft looks like. this is how it consists of three sealed compartments with a bordeaux-aggregate household emitted apparatus, an instrument-aggregate compartment is an unwanted part ship. engines are installed there. oxygen supplies and other equipment. in the household there are supplies, there is a toilet for food and even a conditional sofa, like such a step. basically, if you have to sleep in the ship, that's one thing. in fact, this place is mainly used for cargo that is accepted there. and here is what we are taking to the station in the household compartment, or we will assume. we want

to dispose of it, and so that it burns out in dense atmospheres, this compartment with all the amenities is more often used during the flight to the station, and not during they use the launch time for launching, because the launch procedures are very long, while you were dressed in a spacesuit, while you talked behind glass, until you reached the launch pad, until all these launch procedures, then you took off and, in general, is very popular. the sa descent vehicle is the middle part of the ship, and the crew is located in it during the flight of a small capsule with an area of ​​2.5 m². this is less than in the combined bathroom in the apartment. now imagine two or even three adult men in it in spacesuits. not well, there, there is quite warm and fun. take a small car. here was a very small car, a door compartment. there are

three of us to climb into the back seat. this is how, even in space, the soyuz is divided into three household parts and an appliance in the aggregate compartment. at the same time, they shoot back, the two parts diverge to the sides, the middle continues to be controlled, only the capsule with the astronauts returns to the ground, it is the descent vehicle. there is no engine that can take the ship from the orbits are therefore the order of separation. union strict first gathering sorbitol, then undocking. without engines, without a control system, this is the death of the crew. it would seem that a thousand emergency situations were thought out so that this would not happen on earth. however, in 1988, the thousand and first happened

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friends here, math saved my symphony like and a cat on the channel o, you can learn more about the channel at 1tv.ru/channel dash o. on september 6, 1988 , the crew of the soyuz tem-5 spacecraft, having worked out its mission on the ground, transferred to the descent vehicle and undocked the crew from the station. the first afghan cosmonaut, abdul-ahad, mamand and an experienced commander. vladimir lyakhov by that time, he had already visited the world twice, and both times with serious emergency situations, he had to be allowed to descend to earth the next day. and they have

this is the day before the karate antenna caught on. and so they repaired this spacesuit in space. can imagine this third time. it would seem that ulyakhova, everything was going according to plan. the world mission was successful together with the first afghan cosmonaut. captain lyakhov went downhill. in 1988 . the descent scheme was slightly changed as an experiment in an unnecessary household compartment. we decided to shoot earlier, even before leaving the orbit , such a scheme gave significant fuel savings optimization. move away from the station vladimir lyakhov

issued a command to shoot the amenity compartment space amenities safely separated from ship. after that, the captain turned on the engine, which worked for 6 seconds and turned off, no matter how the captain tried to start the engine again to no avail, however, the display caught fire. lettering separation program included. and the situation further became very dangerous. why because when the automatic trigger program starts, it also starts the compartment separation program after 21 minutes. after turning on the braking engine, separation of the descent vehicle and the instrumental aggregate compartment should take place. happened. what thing the ship stayed on height? and he launched a separator program, an experienced lyakhov. i immediately understood that the descent would not take place. moreover, the instrument compartment will soon be separated. and he will leave with it. the engine itself supplies fuel and air. and this is death from the heart

in 4 hours. at the same time, the ship, out of sight of the tracking points on the ground, simply does not know about the problem, as a result, it turned out to be very similar. critical situation moreover, the crew had to act autonomously. uh, out of ground contact after a few minutes of intense thought. vladimir lyakhov made a decision resort. at the very least, issue an odr command, end of dynamic modes. it's about how to reset all the settings of a mobile phone when it starts to fail. as a result of zeroing, the instrumental aggregate compartment remained in place. the crew breathed out saved, but the moment at which they could return to the ground in the right place was missed, since the orbit had to measure the trigger turns again. we were already leaving, so it was decided

to calmly go down the next day for 24 hours in stuffy cramped conditions without water and a toilet. lyakhov was calm. the main thing is that they still have a chance, but for a newcomer, mamand, these days were harder. the ohara calmed me, i want to talk, come on, but you can’t say . allah does not forgive, says, forgive, well, i would be sick. so come on, don't be afraid, and the very next day the spacesuit descended from orbit in the normal mode, archival footage of the landing moments was preserved. here is what vladimir lyakhov said to the correspondent. ki is hard to lower the apparatus for a day that happened. well, she did n't foretell anything serious. the only thing that she had no idea for days. we perfectly

controlled the situation with our relatives already at home. i wo n't fly anymore. why tempt fate three times everything was on the verge of life, if why tempt it and really more vladimir lyakhov did not fly into space abdulmamand returned to his country in the status of the world's first afghan cosmonaut simultaneously at a distance of 140 km from the earth. after the ship descends from orbit instrument and utility compartment burn in the atmosphere for the safety of the capsule with astronauts, which continues to move to the ground , several systems are responsible. firstly, a frontal shield is installed on the device. it covers the side of the

capsule that it enters the atmosphere. well, during the descent of the soyuz, the maximum temperature on the frontal screen is about 1600 °. the device itself is covered with the so-called ablative protection. this is an asbestos-based coating. during the flight, the protection takes on thermal shock, therefore, after landing, the capsule looks like a charred firebrand, but the astronauts in it are whole and unharmed. well, let's onboard not to see this is just the same tyrants that the ship received, when descending through the dense layers of the atmosphere , asbestos fabric is visible in places. sometimes there are pieces of vacuum thermal insulation on the ship for 10 layers of such a metallized fabric. while the descent vehicle is on fire. rather, the protective layer is burning, there is no connection with the astronauts, and this is perhaps the most exciting moment for the earth. in the history of american space exploration there was a landing,

when this exciting moment dragged on for a long minute and a half. this happened when the astronauts were forced to descend to earth in the apparatus, which was out of order from the accident. we already clearly understood. we have a big problem. it was a threat to life. it wasn't going down to the moon. it was about survival. on april 17, 1970 , all of america was tensely looking into the sky if the astronauts had a chance to land alive. even nasa experts could not say there was such a tragic moment, because the connection is lost

when the descent vehicle, that the american that ours enters the dense layers of the atmosphere, it is closed by plasma and then for a certain time, the estimated time, no signals come from them . six days earlier, on april 11, the apollo 13 spacecraft launched to the moon on board, three astronauts james lowell jones weigert and fred hayes, on the third day of the flight, when 90,000 km by space standards remained 90,000 km by space standards , a powerful explosion occurred on the ship. they they were just in shock began to understand. what's the matter, and it turned out that one of the fuel cells, which supplied electricity to almost the entire ship, a well- known phrase from memes. houston we have a problem, actually sounded.