union on august 3, 1939, german foreign minister joachimfon ribbentrop spoke to the soviet attorney georgy astakhov on all issues related to the territory from the black sea to the baltic sea. we could easily agree. the german side was in a hurry hitler was already preparing for the invasion of poland and his diplomat had to do everything possible to prevent the creation of an anti-german coalition with the participation of the ussr if the red army supported the troops of the polish republic this could have turned into catastrophe for the wehrmacht by the end of august 1939 , germany was ready to make proposals to the soviet leadership that they could not even dream of until recently. there

were seven days left before the outbreak of world war ii. on august 23, 1939, joachim von riganthropus flew to moscow on the night of august 24, a non-aggression pact between germany and the soviet union was signed in moscow, also known as the molotov-ribbentrop pact. according to this document, the parties pledged to refrain from any violence, any aggressive action and any attack in each other, both individually and jointly with other powers. the soviet leaders had no illusions, they understood that sooner or later hitler would attack the ussr by signing the pact, stalin and molotov tried to delay this moment in order to prepare for the upcoming war.

but the matter was not limited to this, the most important part of the treaty, and not the attack, was the secret additional protocol. in it, the parties defined the boundaries with the hair dryer of their interests in the event of a territorial and political reorganization of poland and the baltic states. according to the secret protocol, latvia and estonia were included in the soviet sphere of interests, lithuania in the german one. however, a month later, hitler would renounce his claim to lithuania. in addition , the right of the lithuanian state to vilnius and the vilna region, which in 1920 were captured by poland on the territory of poland itself , was recognized. passed along the rivers to the arefla. isan, the question of the state independence of poland was supposed to be clarified later, by agreement of the parties , the ussr also stipulated its interest in bessarabia, and

germany is not interested. in it, most of the lands that entered the soviet sphere of influence before the revolution were part of the russian empire. sign the secret protocol the soviet side received additional time to prepare for the inevitable war with germany and outlined the limit of german expansion. thanks to the perseverance of stalin and molotov, berlin abandoned claims precisely to those regions that could become a springboard for military operations against the ussr, this was a serious diplomatic victory the news of the kremlin's rapprochement between the irreconcilable ideological opponents of nazi germany and communist russia shocked the world. european newspapers were full of caricatures of stalin and hitler . but the real shock - this news was produced in tokyo

by the japanese government, protested to germany, the relationship between the two states was spoiled for a long time. as a result, the foreign policy concept of japan changed even in the most difficult months for the red army in 1941 and 1942, the japanese troops did not support the german allies with a strike on the soviet far east on the night of september 1, 1939, the troops of the third reich crossed the polish border, winning the border battles, they believe the offensive along the entire front of great britain france declared war on germany. however, they never entered into active hostilities. by the middle of the month. the polish army was close to the

final defeat. meanwhile, the head of german military intelligence, admiral canaris, entered into informal negotiations with the head of the organization of ukrainian nationalists, andriy melnikov, it was on the creation of an independent ukraine and although germany did not support. these are the plans of the german ambassador in moscow, werner fondorschulandburg. warned molotov in the absence of russian intervention politically vacuum lands lying to the east, the german sphere of influence. it may not be formed without the intervention of the soviet government. here new states can be formed. stalin waited until the last, finally on the night of september 17th. the polish ambassador, vatslav zhybovsky, was summoned to the building of the people's commissariat for foreign affairs, deputy

ground vladimir potemkin read him a note, the polish state and its government. in fact, they ceased to exist, which means that the agreements concluded between the ussr and poland became invalid in view of such a situation. the soviet government ordered the high command of the red army to give. and with the troops cross the border and take under their protection the life and property of the population of western ukraine and western belarus on september 17, 1939 at 6:00 am 7 groups of red army troops in total 618,000 fighters and 4,733. tanka entered the territory of poland on the same on the day the government of the republic of poland left the country, the polish supreme commander

edward the knight ordered the troops not to resist the red army. however, some of the commanders did not receive the order, the battles took place near grodno and shatsk. where the polish army retreated, partisan groups arose. from the diaries of the people's commissar of internal affairs of the ukrainian ssr ivan serov , we seized young high school students from the churches, who testified during interrogation that they had picked up weapons from the retreating polish units, that they did not agree with the occupation of poland by the russians, so they will fight us. among them were girls. we were called all the crepes dog blood are extremely

hostile. neither england nor france protested against the soviet actions. they advised the polish government-in-exile not to declare war on the soviet union. first lord of the british admiralty winston churchill said that the russian armies had to stand on this line was absolutely necessary for the security of russia against the nazi threat. by the end of september western belarus and ukraine were occupied by the red army. a territory of 196,000 m² with a population of about 13 million people passed under the control of the ussr

. austria ceded galicia bukovina and transcarpathia russia volhynia and podolia gradually a pro-russian movement was formed among the inhabitants of the golitsa representatives of the local intelligentsia conducted educational work published newspapers and magazines, created circles for the study of russian culture. in parallel, the idea arose of creating a single ukrainian state, however, until the beginning of the 20th century. she still did not have much support after the collapse of the russian empire and the lost soviet-polish war. the bolsheviks were forced to transfer part of volhynia and western belarus to poland, many local residents perceived this as a national tragedy, a number of famous greeks such as mikhail lozinsky and petrov franko emigrated to soviet ukraine .

in time, radical opponents of the polish authorities created a terrorist and fascist organization of ukrainian nationalists in their ideology ; later its leaders yevgeny konovalets andriy melnyk stepan bandera and others would cooperate with nazi germany during the great patriotic war, ount detachments committed sabotage attacks on red army units soviet partisan formations soviet the leadership and command of the red army repeatedly tried to establish a dialogue with the leadership of ukrainian nationalists, but to no avail, individual detachments. the un continued to operate on the territory of soviet ukraine until they were destroyed in the fifties . for some time, the ukrainian and belarusian territories occupied by the red army remained

formally independent ; councils were formed here and people's assemblies were held. writer. konstantin simonov recalled. i saw with my own eyes, the people, indeed, liberated from the dominion they hated. i heard the conversations i was present on the first day belarus where i ended up belarusian population. oh it was a huge majority was glad to see us . wanted it november 12, 1939. western belarus became part of the belarusian ussr, two days later it was admitted to the ukrainian ssr, western ukraine and yet the attitude of the inhabitants to this event was not homogeneous; part of the population welcomed the accession to the soviet union , the other categorically opposed it.

the polish campaign of the red army had not yet ended when the soviet government entered into negotiations with by the authorities of estonia, latvia or lithuania, the security of the ussr directly depended on whether the baltic republics would remain neutral; german influence in this region was increasing as early as march 1939. lithuania handed over to germany the city of klaipeda or furniture of the strategically important baltic port in april of the same year, latvian and estonian military leaders visited berlin and received awards from hitler. the secret protocol of the treaty, and not the attack, clearly divided the spheres of influence. however, moscow still had to convince the baltic government cooperation with the soviet union

will bring them great benefits. the kremlin insisted that in order to move the german threat away from its borders, the ussr should deploy a limited military contingent in the baltic countries, turning to the estonian government. vyacheslav molotov said we do not intend to affect neither your sovereignty nor the state system. we are not going to impose communism on estonia. we do not want to affect the economic system of estonia, the same promises were made to latvia or two. only after after the units of the red army were pulled up to the borders of the baltic states. consent was received. soviet troops entered the territory of the baltic states, the contacts of the red army soldiers with local residents were strictly limited, the republican authorities recognized the russian garrisons did not cause

any misunderstandings or difficulties. however, the problem of the soviet-finnish border still remained unresolved. boris rybkin presented the finnish side with the new conditions of the soviet government. the ussr offered finland to exchange the territory north of leningrad was twice as large and the area of ​​the karelian lands, but the finns again refused the negotiations reached a dead end. even interference. stalin could not shake the position of the finnish government. on november 30, 1939 , part of the leningrad military district crossed the border with finland, the soviet-finnish war began, stalin believed that the red army would not meet serious resistance in this sparsely populated country. however, the finns had been preparing to repulse the soviets for several months. they announced

general mobilization was carried out on large-scale military exercises and the system of defensive structures was strengthened on the karelian isthmus. the commander of the seventh army, kirill meretskov, recalled the so-called monoveny line by some of our intelligence officers. as it was clear from those sent to the left. the leningrad military district of materials considered this line to be nothing more than propaganda, the red army soon became convinced that for more than a month the soviet troops could not break through the finnish fortifications, the finns defended their country with stubbornness and with rare courage, the victims on both sides numbered in the thousands. a participant in the finnish war, an ordinary nurse, ekaterina tolstaya, told the worst. it was very cold there, it was very scary to do the initial treatment of the wounded, many

had to pick up and evacuate the frozen from under the snow . sometimes frozen people stood in full growth under the snow. transport columns left leningrad to the north. they carried everything they needed, the red army soldiers rolled away to and sheepskin coats in the house of comments dugout stoves and mobile bakeries. having headed the military council of the northwestern front, andrey zhdanov was responsible for logistics support three years ago, he predicted that without a war the finns would not accept soviet conditions and now did everything in his power to bring victory closer

, trains with additional armed with artillery personnel in one of the wagons went to the front as a volunteer, his own nephew. zhdanova, fourth-year student anton by february, the red army had achieved a threefold superiority in forces with enemy forces, the new offensive turned out to be successful; the soviet troops stormed the game line, seized the choice and other cities. only when finland was threatened with complete occupation did the country's government agree to territorial concessions. on march 13, 1940, the ussr and finland signed a peace treaty; the soviet union withdrew, the territory of the karelian isthmus and several islands in the gulf of finland . the state border was moved away from

leningrad by 150 km. the annexed lands became part of the new union republic of the karelian-finnish ussr however. all of them were empty finns, they began to evacuate the civilian population even before the war. soon the deserted streets abandoned by the owners of the house were filled with new residents . settlers from different parts of the soviet union arrived on the karelian isthmus. and the descendants of the former finnish owners still come here as tourists to see the places where their grandparents once lived. the most beautiful end of the olympic season of figure skating on ice star team

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you don't hear anything. well, why do you tell me then just a matter of time who we went german friends. i have no german friends. chief of intelligence premiered a multi-part film tomorrow after the time program in the spring of 1940, establishing dominance over poland, hitler drew the forces of the wehrmacht to the west. 6 hours later, after the first german air strikes, the danish kingdom, following denmark, capitulated the netherlands, norway, belgium , france held out longer than other continental states, it resisted the troops of the third reich for 42 days. germany's resistance continued to provide only great britain the majority, the conquered countries were connected with

germany by non-aggression pacts. same as the soviet union. the secret protocol to the soviet-german treaty stipulated that to the sphere of interests of the ussr includes bessarabia, this region was part of the russian empire for more than a century, but after the october revolution it was annexed to romania, the kremlin did not recognize the loss, bessarabia, accusing the romanian government of its illegal capture for two decades, this issue remained extremely painful. even after the signing of the soviet german pact, stalin hesitated with his decision only after the fall of france, which was associated with romania, military guarantees, moscow presented bucharest with an ultimatum bessarabia, the eastern part the moldavian principality was under

the rule of the turks for more than 300 years and was annexed to the russian empire in 1812 after the victory in the russian-turkish war. this event dramatically changed the lives of the local population. the merchant class received numerous benefits, which led to the growth of trade in agriculture and the manufacturing industry. economic growth was accompanied by a cultural upsurge in the bessarabian province, schools, gymnasiums and theaters were opened. a public library was founded in chisinau. tales of wealth and the liberties of bessarabia attracted numerous settlers here by the beginning of the 20th century . along with the moldavians and gagauz , tens of thousands of russian ukrainian jews lived on the lands of the province. greek bulgarians germans. at the same time, the local nobility retained their privileges as part of the

russian nobility. 260 moldavian boyar surnames were included, natives of bessarabia, became generals and admirals, ministers and members of the state duma on june 28, 1940, units of the red army freely entered the territory of bessarabia and northern bukovina the inhabitants greeted the soviet soldiers with flowers and music, red flags were hung on the houses. a military parade was held in chisinau, the commander of the kiev military district georgy zhukov congratulated the people on the liberation from the romanian invaders. on august 2, a new republic, the moldavian ussr, appeared in the soviet union, followed by a series of purges among anti-soviet-

minded residents and the republic, according to some sources, 8,000 people were deported from moldova in 1940 northern bukovina became the chernivtsi region of the ukrainian ssr and after the collapse of the union remained part of independent ukraine moldova remained a predominantly agricultural region, and this was facilitated by a wonderful climate and rich soils. however, after the war in 1946. due to the drought, severe famine erupted here, the government of the ussr decided to free moldova from the supply of certain types of products to the republic, additional food was imported into the republic , famine, and forced collectivization led to an increase in anti-soviet speeches up

to armed resistance. due to this politburo of the central committee in the cpb. decided to evict from sarabia the former landowners kulakov entrepreneurs sectarians of persons who helped the romanian and german occupiers in 1949 were evicted from the moldavian ussr on 11.28. families numbering 40.850 people, the confiscated property was transferred to the possession of collective farms and state farms, and buildings and houses were sold by a private person, meanwhile the crushing victories in the wehrmacht radically changed the balance of power in europe, the soviet leadership. it was feared that the authorities of estonia, latvia and lithuania would join more strong side and enter into an agreement with nazi germany for a year on the territory of the baltic states there was a limited contingent of the red army

, but now this world has turned out to be insufficient for the baltic states. received ultimatums , the kremlin demanded to change the government to a more friendly towards the ussr troops of the soviet border districts were put on alert. the president of lithuania, antan from miton, called on the cabinet of ministers to resist the soviets, but did not receive support and fled to germany in latvia and estonia unconditionally accepted moscow's conditions. vilnius riga and tallinn were sent by authorized cska vkpb, they were to ensure preparations for the elections and the change of power. once these two people were ensigns of the russian imperial army. today they discussed the judge.