during the great patriotic war, howling continues its service near the foot of varying degrees of readiness, which means that our fruit is reborn in the fleet. there is a future now with the russians finishing building 46 ships. they will be handed over to the navy this year, another 50 ships are in the steppes at work, and as the commander-in-chief of the russian navy, our fleet, said. now he is able to ensure security in all regions of the world ocean svetlana kostina oleg matyushina nina khoreva, sergey shilov and sergey valetov channel one. from dusk to dawn in petersburg hosted the white nights marathon 12,000 people, one of the most beautiful routes in the historical center of the northern capital 42 km from palace square along the embankment of you and the fontanka past the astral columns and the peter and paul fortress. many participants came from other cities. those

who could not run supported the marathon runners along the entire route, the weather also favored and everyone was in a great mood. next year, the organizers expect to attract 50,000 people to this race. public holiday today coincided with one of the main church trinity orthodox churches of solemn service, according to tradition, on this day, patriarch kirill celebrated the divine liturgy in the trinity-sergius trinity is also called pentecost. today, the fiftieth day after easter, is a holiday set in remembrance. about the descent of the holy spirit on the apostles. they began to preach the word of god all over the world in different languages, priests in green robes. the temple is decorated with branches. birches. all this symbolizes life and its divine beginning. that's all follow the time, stay up to date, and now on the air of channel one, the continuation of the documentary film empire peter i, as the tsar was later informed, the heir did not spend at the

post entrusted to him and absentmindedly shook his head for half an hour and drove off to his company. peter was beside himself, he was indulgent to other people's mistakes, but he never forgave the lack of diligence. he called his son to talk. scolded the blockage to a sense of duty, it would have come to beatings, but catherine intervened in time only she managed to resolve the conflict, however, it cost peter leave, as the son was again in the arms of his friends. i am engaged in the construction of the russian fleet, the tsar personally drew

a sketch of the andreevsky flag on sailing ships, the length of the flag reached 4 m, and roared in the wind with us , like a siren lowering the stern flag during the battle meant waiting for the ship, which was unthinkable. the ship of the line devonshire of captain sinyavin entered the port, a hamburger went towards it, the local escort boat to the naval custom of a warship under the state flag, all ships should be allowed to salute, but this sloop andreevsky flag was in no hurry to greet. captain sinyavin demanded a salute to the russian flag with a signal, the impudent german answered with such a flag. i don't know, i called an artillery officer. charge the city's cannonballs flew right past

. his pennant fell into the wall of the sloop into the water, which is the russian flag of st. andrew. captains of different nationalities sailed under the andreev flag. peter needed experienced sailors, and their past was not so interesting for the king. examined the sailor and immediately promoted him to the rank of captain of the first rank. with my hiv, he was excellent at handling galleys, namely, on the galley fleet, peter made the main bet in the naval war with sweden in the

baltic dick in narrow shallow bays, the galleys turned out to be more effective than large ships. on june 21, 1714, the russian rowing fleet under the command of admiral general apraksin met cape gangut; the powerful swedish squadron of admiral matrang tsar peter and apraksin looked into the pipes for a long time, counting enemy pennants. at the end in the end, they decided to make a transfer in order to drag some of their colleagues to the neighboring fjord. admiral vatrank sent 10 russian ships to intercept, but peter canceled the tug of fire, he waited for a complete calm, when the swedish sailboats became helpless, he ordered 35 galleys. under the command of

mayevich, they flew out of the bay and headed to where the ships sent by the battrang were stationed, followed them . peter participated in the boarding attack under bullets, along with the rowers and soldiers, all 10 ships of the swedish squadron, along with the flagship elephant ended up in his hands. the first battle in the history of the russian navy. but the swedish fleet still controlled the baltic sea, russian galleys could fight against it only by pirate method repulsing 1-2 ships on occasion, but for the final victory at sea, not

boarding attacks were required, but large well-armed ships and experienced crews. engaging in a naval battle, the ships lined up in a wake column and, passing by the enemy, opened fire. they acted as a unit, keeping the system and can withstand the rate of fire. this tactic was called linear and it was for such a battle that battleships were created, the most powerful weapon of the era, the pinnacle of engineering. the battleship, the largest of the sailing ships, the basis of the regular navy, a three-masted warship with two or three gun decks , had an average of up to 100 guns and a crew of up to 800 people. after the gangut victory, peter had a new reason for joy, finally catherine gave him a son, the boy was named

peter in honor of his father, this event changed everything. now the sovereign could choose an heir from two sons. the tsar sent a last warning to alexei, demanded that he take up his mind, threatened, because for my fatherland and the people of my life i did not regret and do not regret it, then how can i feel sorry for you. soon the answer came the prince abdicated in favor of his newborn brother. he hoped that now his father would leave him alone. a month after receiving this letter, peter castle was so dangerous that the senators, in anticipation of a tragic end, were in the royal chambers around the clock, but the crisis passed and the tsar

having recovered, the first thing he wrote to alexei was if you recanted. go to the monastery for the abdicated pretender. it was the only way. save yourself, from this fate of his father's anger, alexei fled abroad soon, disturbing rumors began to reach peter, allegedly. a son. he is in secret negotiations with a military enemy, the swedes , is going to overthrow his father and take his place on the throne. the sovereign's worst suspicions came true on the orders of peter, intelligence tracked down alexei in naples, the royal envoys lured him to russia by deceit he charged that the son driven into a corner would throw out all his hatred in his face. on that yuril dodged

all the blame for the betrayal shifted to his entourage. well, the mere fact of relations with the swedish king is enough to condemn the tsarevich to death? but the king did not want to control the fate himself, son, the verdict, he had to pass a commission composed of the highest officials of the state. peter no longer felt, nor the anger of rage, only the doomed emptiness in his soul. after the death sentence was passed, alexei was imprisoned in the peter and paul fortress after 2 days he died

under unclear circumstances. a year later, before reaching the age of 4, the son of peter and catherine, little pyotr petrovich, died of an incurable disease; this death finally brought the tsar out of balance. the experiences were accompanied by terrible convulsive seizures . the great feelings of the father were added by the question of state importance, who after him will occupy the russian throne, but the tsar

had to hide his feelings, outwardly the way of life in the country did not change in any way towards the victorious finale. at the end of may 1719, a russian detachment consisting of six ships of the line stood near the island of ezel, which received the task of finding and neutralizing the swedish convoy that accompanied the trade caravans. at dawn on may 24, the watchers spotted on the horizon. three large ships without flags, possibly the swedes on their flagship, the commander's devanshir, captain of the second rank. on om, sinyavin ordered to raise all the sails and start chase. by evening, the distance finally began

to shrink, sinyavin, gave the order to prepare for battle. before the battle, a net was pulled over the deck to protect against falling debris, the spars were protected from the cores with logs and barrels of iron scrap, sand was poured onto the deck so that the legs would not slip in the blood. the stove was extinguished. on kamze, the approaches to the curved powder chamber were covered with wetted canvas. and the young boys ran from there to bring charges for the guns all the temporary partitions, the lower artillery the decks turned into an open gallery from the captain's cabin to the bow of the ship , gun ports opened, artillery crews loaded and aimed the guns, approaching innocents, with two shots demanded to show the flag on the masts

turned into swedish panels. russian flagship devon shire raised on the foc mast. the red flag is a signal for everyone to join the fight. i wrecked the plating of the sides , tore the sails and broke the spars, sharp chips scattered in all directions, but the sailors, gunners and officers, did their job. deck crew tracked lighter grenades to cover them with sand. the infirmary team dragged away the wounded, and the ship's doctor operated right during the battle. portsmoot lost control and was immediately

attacked, the swedish frigate and brigantine sinyavin on devon wider left the line, made a sharp turn and opened fire with buckshot at a short distance. . but after 3 hours they caught up with him and forced him to surrender. russian captured 52 cannon ship of the line wahmmeister 34 cannon frigate karl scroll-wappin and brigantine berngardens, 387 people were taken prisoner with captain commander wrangel killed about 50 wounded 13 people russian losses amounted to nine people killed and nine people wounded. the first artillery duel of the russian fleet ended

with a flurry of awards. through the rank he was promoted to captain commander and granted by the villages in such numbers that he became one of the richest landowners in russia after 3 year to mind, sinyavin will receive the rank of showbenacht, that is, rear admiral will become the first russian natural admiral, as peter spoke about him back in 1703, with the capture of the niem fortress, russian troops entrenched themselves on the shores of the gulf of finland. peter created the royal standard on a gold panel,

black double-headed eagle. under three crowns, he held in his paws and cool four cards, the sea, the white caspian of azov and the baltic, as a sign that from now on the russian tsar is the lord of the four seas. new victory of the russian fleet over the swedes of the island gringam and the signing of the nishtadt peace, which ended the northern war, secured the conquered baltic territories for russia, the long-awaited access to the baltic sea, and after 2 months, peter accepted the title of emperor of the all-russian from the senators. russia became a maritime empire. in just a few years, peter managed to create a fleet and raise a generation of the first russian admirals . once he dreamed that his sons, tsarevich alexei and peter, would share his passion for the sea and continue their

father's business. yes, it just didn't work out. all russian the squadron lined up for the parade, which will be hosted by the sovereign himself, but instead of a battleship, a small old boat, once found in the izmailovsky barn, went on the raid, there were admirals of the russian fleet on board, including rear admiral pyotr mikhailov his imperial majesty the stern cannon the boat clapped faster in response, the salute of the main caliber guns from the boat thundered over the baltic, the emperor looked at his head, leaving the past behind him, he looked ahead, when the sides of the ships he had built rose in powder smoke. he began to build his capital, where the city

cannot be built, he invented and designed it. he himself rebuilt many times and forced everyone to live, just as he forgot in any other way with me the huge victims in the swamps, under the blows of crushing floods, a city of amazing beauty will grow along straight lines, like an arrow of streets in even rows, stone houses will rise, the embankment will be dressed in granite to open up the square and the spire of the peter and paul cathedral will cut through the sea mist like the mast of a huge ship sailing in future. the creation of peter the great st. petersburg

will become the main symbol of his transformations. but until the last day of his life, the emperor will not decide to whom to transfer his population. the day turned out around the city, the sovereign was in an excellent mood, they quickly determined the place for the bastion, but peter wished to look and the neighboring islands rejoiced, they say, truth, padis smells like the sea, by that time the king managed to visit england and holland, the capital is located there on the water and not by chance, where the sea is, there the trade goes uphill and the people enlightenment

peter dreamed of building a large european city for a long time, but it just so happened that the place for construction was dictated by the war in the spring of 1703. the russian army conquered part of the coast of the baltic sea from the swedes to the mouth of the river, a fiction, the local swampy area was least suitable for building a new capital, but for protecting new lands. the emperor needed a fortress; he laid it on may 16

or 27, according to the new style, 1703 on the island of janis in the russian hare style. from that day, the countdown of the history of the city of st. petersburg began. petersburg is named not in honor of tsar peter alekseevich but in honor of his patron saint, the apostle peter, the tsar himself in personal correspondence called him paradisism, that is, ryan, the name peter we know today appeared already in the 18th century, it was first mentioned in fonvizin’s comedy undergrowth in its history, the city changed three times name. in 1914, at the beginning of the first world war, against the background of anti-german sentiments, petersburg was russified into petrograd. in 1924, after

the death of lenin, the historical name of st. petersburg was returned to leningrad. city ​​only in 1991, the first inhabitants of the not yet built city were its builders. soldiers were transferred from neighboring fortresses to work. then the peasants of the surrounding villages were brought to it in organized parties. working people are captive swedes and tatars, but for the hardest workers. now, instead of siberia, criminals were sent to construction, st. petersburg. workers were initially settled in a camp in temporary camps and dugouts and huts of convicts. they were placed in a guarded convict yard. now at this place

is located labor square mass forced labor. it was used only in the first years later in construction, mainly employed workers and craftsmen, for whom the huts were built , they worked in shifts from 12 to 15 hours on a rotational basis for 2-3 months. the salary was 1 rub. per month. despite the fact that the monthly cost of living was 17 kopecks. working and living conditions were difficult - constant cold, damp, unsanitary conditions and poor nutrition, according to rough estimates at the construction of st. petersburg from diseases at least 100,000 workers died of exhaustion. peter did not think long about who to put at the head of this line, the zeal of danilych, enough for ten. he never

asked for concessions, did not refer to the circumstances, they are executable orders, for him they simply do not exist. we appoint menshikov as the governor-general of the future city, the sovereign had no doubt that he would pull out alexander danilovich menshikov came from an humble family, according to one version, he was the son of a groom, according to another. from the age of 14, the baker served in the royal amusement army, where he quickly won the confidence of peter became his batman, and then the closest associate and one of the first persons of the state. the tsar called him alexander a heart friend, brother and son of the heart during the northern war with sweden, menshikov commanded large infantry and cavalry forces, while remaining the governor-general of st. petersburg, the construction of any building in

st. the rest of russia, marshy soil was drained by hand , channels were dug to drain water, excavated soil they filled up the lowlands under the foundation, it was necessary to strengthen the soil with the help of piles, which became necessary in the frozen ground, so that the moving soil would not float and the abundance of water would create problems throughout the history of st. petersburg . dampness contributed to the development of consumption and an abundance of lice laying, the metro in the city on the neva has always been fraught with great difficulties due to the complexity of the soil, a powerful quicksand section of liquefied soil caused erosion from the tunnel heating twice in 1974

and 1995, the consequences were eliminated only in 2004. at first, st. petersburg was called the naval headquarters, and peter's stay there is in the documents. like an ankle-deep trek in the mud under fierce northern winds , the king delved into every detail. i measured what i saw with the drawings. and at the sight of the slightest oversight , he scolded. so even the waning menshikov's soul was leaving. yours

despite all the difficulties, by the autumn of 1703, the peter and paul fortress had been erected on the hare island for a fantastic short time. now the historical center of the city is one of its most recognizable symbols. the peter and paul fortress was built according to a joint project of tsar peter and the french engineer lamberre de guerang. at first, it had a fortification made of wood and earth embankments in 1706 , the bastions began to be rebuilt into stones, but the fortress became completely granite only by the end of the 18th century . since 1725, the peter and paul cathedral has become the tomb of the romanovs, the bodies of all

emperors and members of their families from peter i to the alleged remains of nicholas ii are buried here, with the exception of ivan the sixth antonovich and emperor peter ii, the secret office of the political nipple was located in the fortress, and a prison was arranged in the casemates, which contained important state criminals. upon returning to moscow, peter was in a hurry to share his joy with march katharina. the tsar met her a year ago in menshikov's house where the widow of a swedish officer served as a housekeeper and now he could not imagine life without her, not sparing colors, peter painted his beloved miracle city. growing in the midst of the finnish swamps with gratitude caught his every word, the sovereign blossomed in her arms. here she is a kindred spirit. the construction

of st. petersburg proceeded at a rapid pace on the spit of vasilyevsky island, a battery grew up on the left bank of the neva, the admiralty shipyard was laid down and the galley fleet was created. but all this actually happened on the territory of a hostile state only in 1721, after the nestant peace, the baltic lands, including st. blockade from the sea, not a single ship can break through. petersburg cannot. the city from which peter is going to trade with all of europe turned out to be

completely isolated and few people even know about it. everything, this is in vain, this city is not needed by anyone. tired. everything, so that at least in the loop. a merchant ship with the english flag swayed on the pier. the english captain was surprised, he brought salt, wine to the nindstadt trading city, and having arrived at some good price, st. petersburg, alexander danilovich, to celebrate, presented him with an award of 500

gold for himself and 10 tolers for each sailor pyotr alekseevich if the merchants are rushing here, despite all the swedish intrigues. it means that soon peter throughout europe, having received this news, was so delighted that he ran to brag about his catherine, he ordered to announce that they could bring their goods to st. petersburg for export trade. however, the merchants stubbornly went to arkhangelsk, where the british and dutch came by sea. everything was arranged there over the centuries from central russia to arkhangelsk, a convenient road was laid with permanent yards and warehouses, then peter ordered by decree to carry the most popular goods not to arkhangelsk and in

st. petersburg, the overland roads that led to the baltic were not suitable for trade caravans from heavily loaded teles. a traveler heading to st. petersburg in autumn or spring could count several dozen horses drowned in a swamp right in the harness. those goods that still got into the city on the neva rotted in the warehouses of the troitsky pier, because there was no one to sell them to foreign ships. could not break through the swedish blockade. for 7 years from 1703 to 1710 to only three ships reached st. petersburg, only after the peace of nystadt in 1721, foreign ships will go to st. petersburg and in such numbers that there will not be enough mooring space at the trinity pier. in the meantime, due to the closure of arkhangelsk, the

dutch merchants suffered colossal losses and the question arose of breaking off trade relations with russia when peter partially returned trade to arkhangelsk by setting quotas for the most popular goods at a ratio of two to one in favor of st. petersburg, but after a few years the quotas had to be again reconsider in favor of arkhangelsk over the years, many russian merchants went bankrupt, and the export trade continued to suck raw materials out of the country under dumping. peter did not despair. there is a time for everything, he built petersburg, not for the sake of momentary benefits, as the tsar built it for the state. and as a father for his children their first daughter with catherine died at the age of one year, the second anna grew up, and immediately after the poltava victory was born and elizabeth peter

thought more and more often. shouldn’t ekaterina be made a legitimate wife, feelings for her have not cooled over the years, a besides, it is unsuitable for royal daughters to grow up out of wedlock. but marriage was postponing the military situation now. yes , and a lot of work. the sovereign spent more and more time on the banks of the neva. he personally participated in the construction of ships, which he affectionately called children; his favorite was sixteen, a cannon shnyaga lizat, which the king named after his youngest daughter. elizabeth's admiralty was located within walking distance from peter's house and the tsar went to work on foot. he officially had the position of the admiralty shipyard chief master with a salary 365 rub. in a year, the governor-general of st. petersburg

menshikov worked. there, as a ship's apprentice, he received 182 rubles. in a year, in fact, st. petersburg was already the capital of the state, but the state apparatus moved from moscow slowly, orders opened their branches in st. petersburg. camping offices for their leaders were nearby. with peter in the new capital, in this way, the moscow orders themselves turned into branches, and the field offices in the collegium only in 1712 moved the ruling senate from moscow, from that time peter's stay in petersburg was no longer called a campaign in documents, petersburg officially became the capital since the time of peter i, the country had two main cities, moscow or the first patron city, where

emperors were crowned and petersburg, the official capital, where the court and central state institutions were located. the hips of the second moved the capital to moscow, but his successor anna ivanovna returned everything to normal, st. petersburg remained the capital of the empire for more than 180 years on march 5, 1918 due to the approach of the german front to petrograd leninskoye the government of the russian soviet republic has moved to moscow since then. it remains the capital of russia, it was in moscow that tsar pyotr alekseevich arranged celebrations on the occasion of the poltava victory in january 1710. thousands of captured swedes led the streets of the capital. then you received reports that

an officer appeared among the prisoners, who calls himself johann crusoe and husband mark from kavronskaya, and also tells everyone about his wife, who now gives birth to children to the russian tsar from peter as a support knocked out from under your feet, even tyranny cannot be married to a married woman. the emperor ordered the students of the investigation. soon it was confirmed that the real ogan cruz had really died. menshikov offered to hang the impostor. peter decided to spare that one, so that it would be discourteous to chat with others and sent him to an eternal settlement. the evidence

considers that the defendant's guilt has been proved . i myself will make elagina vera andreevna the seams, you need something. captain pakhomov investigative committee. do you know what it's like recipe. let him tell me what i should do when my patient is ready to jump out of the window in pain . you want to prove that you understand that you will be imprisoned . they want to offer you an alternative to serve and punishment. how about a job as a medical examiner. and this is yours. and what should i do with it ? to begin with, the initial inspection of all that will notice is missing since 2011, he died from numerous internal deliveries. who is this? this is our employee in the medical examiner. aha then clearly nothing will come of it. i can't do this

study. i need to find this bastards who didn't hold back. come on, let's play. enough. faith, you live in your invented world, then you are surprised. why is your husband talking about me to you as a silly nurse, and your daughter doesn't want to have any relationship with you. compare insurance offers, see reviews and ratings and buy osago, you can compare discounts of up to 40%. buy the goods you need profitably, for example hyper electric bike with a discount of 15.400 rubles only in citylink hello let me treat you with a mix from tele2 50 gb movie music add a device i complete the perfect ingredients in one subscription

already at a bargain price, and the first connection is free. try the tele2 subscription full adventure routes. a ship's steel voyage is the best way to be together. this is our club detralex club of millions of happy women who already know how to control varicose veins. why am i here you chose detralex it works at any stage varicose veins and acts on the cause of the symptoms from the inside, and now you are among us detralex together against varicose veins. factory for the crispiest appear vampire most delicate devissy chocolate bar, sun

rmit sugar tube from pure line the perfect combination of waffles, ice cream and chocolate pure line, please your and loved ones taste buds. every appearance on the stage promises. a card with a 5% cashback for all this discovery, how to choose a tent and a comfortable sleeping bag? ask sportmaster for tourist equipment with a guarantee of better prices and double cashback in the sportmaster app online mobile is more profitable incredible stories based on a real miracle one is already in the cinema. in my art, i strive to recreate the plasticity

of human movement, but unfortunately, dolls' hinges are the weakest point, and i don't have artem, the newest complex with native collagen of the second type to maintain freedom of movement artneo, the strength of native collagen for joints, you travel around russia for a second. you have one value that cannot be taken away or blocked with you. even without money. this is the value of your communication with loved ones. and we will teach you, hello baby, communicate at zero on the account on all megafon tariffs, thanks to me, people's lives appear on both weekends and working days. i will help you prepare for your interview. even if you go to it for the first time at work, not only to see your bright future, but also to help you find yourself in it. in search of a job, a person needs a person employment center job. your work your

work be irresistible this summer with your favorite brands. choose a product with sun protection and for a thorough cleansing of the skin of the face on wildberries he himself returned to the north, where the war with the swedes continued, the new town was supplemented by residents. the first generation of the capital's inhabitants consisted of service people from the field marshal to the rank and file and clerks, that is, officials, as well as craftsmen brought to build the city, about a third of the population consisted of soldiers

of the capital's garrison, there were many foreigners, both mercenaries and captured swedes and tatars by decree petra stone construction was prohibited by throughout the country and was carried out only in st. petersburg here. transferred masonry masters from all available quarries brought limestone and granite. but the stone was still missing. peter wanted his parodist to be in no way inferior to european capitals and therefore invited experienced city planners to be one of the first to arrive in russia, dominic andreatre rezina and the swiss luhansk, a specialist in both military and civil

architecture. he developed the layout of the streets became the author of standard projects for houses, as well as cathedrals, palaces and other urban knowledge let us down architecton, which alekseevich saw the palace in the italian manner. i couldn't believe my eyes, i was happy. as children touched everything with their hands on the walls, mirrors , foreign furniture, large, solid windows. that was the end of the palace review failed alexander danilovich. to be proud enough of the sovereign, he rushed to check the farstation and guns.

the threat of an attack by the swedish fleet persisted throughout the northern war to protect st. petersburg from the sea in 1704, on the shallows near kotlin island, ford translated from german crown castle. ford completely controlled the navigable fairway and in the entire history of the kronschlot, not a single enemy ship passed by in 1723. near the fort on the island of kotlin, peter founded the fortress and the city of kronstadt, which would become the main naval base of the baltic fleet. the location of st. petersburg made it extremely vulnerable to catherine ii during the war with sweden in 1788, the windows of the winter palace trembled from cannon volleys and the

smell of gunpowder burning was on the streets during the first world war in in march 1918, the german troops came so close that they began an artillery bombardment of petrograd. in 1941, the troops of the wehrmacht, already in the third month of the war, were 40 km from leningrad and took it into a blockade, however, throughout its history. this city has never been captured by the enemy. peter finally introduced catherine to his family and the whole court, as a future wife to rush immediately, the king did not have time to prepare for a campaign against. the turk menshikov did not really believe that the sovereign, with his violent temper, humbles in his hands wife, but it was gratifying to look at the happy king.

peter erected his new capital in accordance with his tastes, he strictly monitored that they built only from prescribed materials and according to prescribed projects, the usual russian layout, when the house was located in the middle of a courtyard with services and vegetable gardens, it was forbidden to build along the red line, and not to sow yards their own. that is, all the houses had to stand right next to the facades, on the same line a small place for yards was allotted only behind the house, this yard was built up with other residential and utility structures over time, they grew and stretched upwards. this is how the famous st. petersburg courtyards arose. wells. the difference with moscow is felt and now muscovites are accustomed to front gardens and squares in the

yards and the entrance to the house is called the entrance, because a cart from st. petersburg could drive up to the entrance, they say, front because all old houses also have a back door from the yard. previously, peddlers of provisions entered through it, immediately getting into the kitchen, provisions in st. petersburg were not sold on every corner, as in moscow, but in specialized markets grocery and raw products in the washing yard fish and meat in separate rows, fish and meat with mandatory sanitary control. bread was imported; dairy products were supplied by the finns from the surrounding thoughts; peddlers walked around the city. each with a certain product in the kitchens installed ovens with stoves, where it was possible to fry in a pan. they are for the stove before the meat peter the

great liked to say, god grant me health and petersburg will be the new amsterdam, he showed his ekaterina lana drawings, drawings, the dutch look to the urban landscape was given by tiled roofs many mills, high spiers, there were about 50 of them and many canals. the austere and monumental architectural appearance of st. petersburg, familiar to us today, was formed mainly in the 19th century in the era of nicholas i, who changed the capital in many ways. palace square with the alexander column is senate square with the bronze horseman arrow of vasilevsky island with rostral columns st. isaac's and kazan cathedral the capital

turned into a grandiose architectural ensemble in the style of restrained style of the so-called petrovsky baroque with the expectation of a view from the water. peter dreamed of making it the main transport. in the city of buer. small sailing ships for their construction and maintenance had a particular version. peter distributed small vessels to the inhabitants and obliged them to participate in weekly water assemblies. just think , but in st. petersburg, famous for its bridges under peter, they were deliberately not built, with the exception of floating or pontoon and drawbridges in the most necessary places. in addition, it was forbidden

organize regular boat crossings. so the king tried to teach the inhabitants to move on the water. but the plan failed for several months. the neva was covered with ice even during the ice drift, without bridges. the islands were losing all communication, and the initial layout of vasilyevsky island had to be abandoned, where the streets were supposed to replace a network of parallel canals of lines that intersected by avenues, however, behind the streets. nevertheless , the name of the line of bridges in st. petersburg has a lot of fixed and most of them, as in times petra are bred so as not to interfere with the passage of ships. finally, in the new capital, an event occurred that had been awaited for more than a year, the sovereign peter alekseevich married his beloved, she

converted to orthodoxy with the name ekaterina mikhailova anna elizabeth, born out of wedlock, acquired royal dignity, but according to the law of that time, the right to the throne passed through the male line. the sovereign did not leave hope for the birth of a son, to whom he would be able to pass without hesitation everything that he had achieved during the years of his reign. therefore, the brother with catherine was especially important for peter. in, what recently seemed like bold fantasies became a reality, the city founded by peter grew and filled with new residents, along with it , the number of worries that fell on the shoulders of the governor-general grew. menshikov followed the

improvement of the capital, cleaning the canals, fortifying the banks around the admiralty, laying roads around the neva . the clearing from the alexander nevsky lavra to the admiralty was ideal, a smooth road was laid through the forest and swamp, monks, laurels and captured swedes. they paved the roadsides and planted 4 rows of birch trees. later, the clearing became known as the prospect, and then, from 1781, nevsky prospekt. the length of nevsky prospekt is 4.5 km, it is almost three times longer than tverskaya and for a long time remained the longest street in russia, nevsky

prospekt was the first in the country to receive street lighting, oil lamps, under which there were benches in the 19th century. nevsky was built in the style high classicism and turned into a unique, avenue ensemble. front facade of the empire. the soviet government renamed it october 25 avenue, but a quarter of a century later, on january 13, 1944 , the day before the start of the operation to lift the blockade, the historical name was returned to the main street of st. clear weather can be seen completely for several kilometers. st. petersburg street mastil tree over logs

wooden boards were laid. the embankments were built on piles; a board plaster was laid on top. they will dress in granite only in the second half of the 18th century, and under peter the only stone embankment was in front of his summer palace. lindens. this is how the landscaping of st. petersburg began. the first public park in russia was the garden around the summer palace of peter the great. visitors in decent clothes and all the statues of the sculptural group of fountains were provided with explanatory plaques for the educator purposes during the great holidays. illumination was arranged and tables with refreshments were set, and along the alleys soldiers

carried a tub with a summary of the three hundred and fiftyth anniversary of peter i in europe, they are very dissatisfied with your strengthening, they are dissatisfied. no, who has the wheat? who we have iron, just please, the swedes, they will push everything will be as i want nikolai cherkasov in the legendary film based on the novel by alexei tolstoy peter i today on the first there is askofen against pain

n, painkiller with paracetamol at an affordable price and askofen ultra enhanced composition to combat migraine and other types of pain i am an individual entrepreneur and every day. my strength and care but i'm not ready to give away what i have earned myself, so i connected a package of services for individual entrepreneurs in sberbank stand up client. connect a package of services only for individual entrepreneurs for one ruble and transfer up to 500,000 rubles to individuals. every month, every second entrepreneur is with us without a commission. or maybe in a new way, what for sure? it's comfortable

works safely. well, here is the fast payment system, a new way of contactless payment for purchases, a tele2 subscriber, his tariff is always fully charged with cool equipment, ready for change. maybe put the rest of the gigabytes to sell, buy and even change for a movie so only in tele2 tariffs what to do when inflation grows bcs knows investments and stocks download the bcs world and investments application and invest with the leader. this is the bank's security service. tell me the code from the card. first you offer medical services. you are at my address i constantly hear voices on the tinkoff.ru website and get the most effective protection against spam and the

tinkoff machine is the only one. now many are putting life on pause due to rising prices from sovcombank loans, make important purchases at today's prices and turn on the joy of loved ones. joint plans big events loan from sovcombank people are more important for wildberries discounts up to 60 percent for polaris wi-fi collection manage your equipment from anywhere in the world. in investments everything can take off in an instant. or fall signals can be incomprehensible. or deceptively simple. but even when it seems that the danger is somewhere near a reliable partner, market changes are only part of your

strategy. i will give finance a reliable partner for your investments. why do you need my megapowers? you can activate your activation of a free minute transfer, gigabytes, unlimited social networks and music and much more on the new megafon tariffs. do you want to pay for purchases by phone, but at the checkout you understand that it has turned into a brick, can you continue to pay with savings? how convenient. scan qr-code with your phone's camera from payment terminals with stickers or show your city in the sberbank application online. and also get bonuses from sberbank thank you how convenient? tired of military and

state affairs, peter found a new outlet for himself. by the personal order of the tsar , trees began to be planted in st. petersburg, including plants of other climatic zones, lindens, chestnuts, even grapes and cotton, which did not take root well in the open field and freeze out. peter gave himself to this infatuation with passion and less and less time carried out by ekaterina tried to attract the attention of her husband, sighed meaningfully, asked leading questions, and finally, offended, went to her place a lot, sir, it seemed that he did not notice this. the square near the trinity church near the pier of the same name became the focus of urban trading life, there in front of the long building of the collegiums,

royal decrees were announced at the gostiny dvor , auctions and contracts were announced on the square on the occasion of the holidays, military parades were held, in which peter himself invariably took part in the transfiguration uniform, and after noisy feasting in mouths of four frigates. after each toast , the cannons standing at the pier of the ships fired salutes, from which the walls of the surrounding buildings trembled. a separate cost item was the repair of windows, as indicated in the account book, from which, during victoria and the weather, the glass was knocked out. the whole city was, like a huge estate of peter, where he disposed of at his own discretion, interfering not only in the professional, but also in the personal life of his subjects, by order of the senate was established. chief

police office. subordination the political master was allocated 10 officers of 20 pounds and 160 soldiers of the good police powers were extensive. she oversaw everything from the layout of the exterior of the houses to the state of the cesspools for disposal. on the street there is sewage garbage, a whip and penal servitude, for the sale of stale vegetables and dead animals in the market, a whip and penal servitude. scales at merchants should be stigmatized for fake scales fine, homeowners. they were obliged to inspect the pavement in front of their houses daily to repair it in a timely manner. the fire service was also under the supervision of the chief of police, in addition to the fire brigade, a fire warning and extinguishing system was created in the pouring machine. the townsfolk had to run on signal with

axes and bars and help the firefighters to protect against fires. it was forbidden to build private baths. public homeowners only. they had to clean it monthly. chimneys. smear clay ceilings to monitor the condition of fire ponds. bread was allowed to be baked only on thursdays and sundays, if there was no heat and wind at night , a sentinel team led by snu hachom as an ensign of the structural unit and literally sniffed out those who secretly baked bread or jerusalem artichokes, there was always a curfew from 10:00 pm in the summer. in winter , only military men and midwives with a special document could move around the city at night. funding for a grandiose construction project, as well as reforms and wars , took place by raising taxes. peasants

paid 74 kopecks from each male subject. citizens paid one ruble 20 kopecks. the number of taxpayers included those who did not pay taxes before christian of the north and siberia residents of the national outskirts and volga regions, the revenue side of the budget has tripled. and the army took about 3 million a year, and in st. petersburg the budget of the city office alone amounted to 162 1/200 rubles for 1,722 years. petra alekseevich threw dramovko to danilych, one of the royal relatives. she complained that the

roof of her palace was leaking. so in the rainy season it is impossible to find a place. where to snuggle. alexander danilovich was very surprised at such trifles to disturb his royal majesty trifles. you talk such nonsense. i have a complete camora, what do you say menshikov croaked over the state to every penny. the sins were imposed on the prince, the landowners were taken away and the villages were taken away . pyotr even lost his sleep. if menshikov is showered with honors and bounties and disdain to profit at the public expense.

unprecedented sizes of every 100 rubles collected in taxes reached the treasury at best 30, many stole and not everyone succeeded grab your hand. peter established a service, fiscals, a specialized supervisory body whose main task was to prevent damage to the treasury and abuse of high officials. at the head of the service

was an oberfiskal, who was subordinate only to the tsar, fiscal alexei nesterov, who had long tried on the almighty menshikov, his hands were short, then he began an investigation into the abuse of the prince, matvey gagarin, the siberian governor-general, who, according to rumors, was covered by his lightest. frozen in anticipation of execution. could drum beat prince gagarin led a heavy eyes of the crowd more recently. he boasted of

unheard-of wealth, set up luxurious mansions, threw feasts with fifty courses, but he was destined to die poor. everything that was acquired went to the treasury according to the royal verdict. the wife roared out loud. pyotr severovy glanced at alexander danilovich is it good, they say, to understand the number?

in many ways, because the old friend ekaterina alekseevna often took the side of the prince during a fit of royal anger. she came to the rescue more than once, defending alexander danilovich peter loved her more than anyone else, and this love of menshikov in 1721, st. petersburg celebrated the peace of nystadt, the northern war ended in a complete

victory for russia in the trinity cathedral, the senators presented peter with the title of emperor and father of the fatherland, when he went out onto the square he was enthusiastically greeted by a huge crowd, petersburg from now on became not just a hundred times the capital of the empire, the festival continued continuously for seven days with a masquerade, illuminations and fireworks, the empress became catherine peter himself laid on her head crown the first crown in the history of the russian empire. the festivities of the petrine era were lush, noisy and lengthy, and participation in them was obligatory for everyone to follow. the police, the participants in the masquerade, did not have the right to take off their masks and change clothes until the end of the holiday , fried carcasses of bulls from tubs and barrels stood in the squares for

everyone who wanted to develop alcohol warships shook the shores, cannon salutes, at night the sky, fireworks and crackers took off. all these celebrations obeyed a clearly defined scenario, and in the scenery used an extensive system of allegories, for example, a flaming heart, depicted the tsar's heartfelt affection for st. petersburg on november 5, 1721, exactly one week after the end of the celebration of the peace of nystad, all the scenery was washed away by another flood. flooding in the neva delta occurred almost every autumn and spring. if the water rose above the usual level

by one and a half to two meters or more, the flood became a natural disaster. a dangerous level of rising water was warned by cannon shots from the flood of the peter and paul fortress in 1777 practically destroyed the summer garden and flooded the cellars of the peter and paul fortress, killing several hundred people. the flood of 1824 is described in pushkin's poem the bronze horseman . rescuing drowning people was distinguished by the flood of 1924, which was said to be a punishment for renaming st. petersburg to leningrad, only in 2011 the

construction of the dam was completed and the city got the opportunity to protect itself from natural disasters. alexander danilovich watched the water flood, the embankments, and the logs brought by the wave beat against the windows and walls of houses. as maly to petersburg after another slander, the sovereign’s patience snapped and he took less to the post of general-bernator, this is just the beginning, whether the fate of matvey gagarin awaits him now. but in those days, peter was preoccupied with something else. he received news that struck him right in the heart. catherine cheated on him. the main thing is with whom the mons, bro and monst,

who was once the beloved of peter himself, fate, as if mocking the russian emperor. he was accused of bribery and sentenced to beheading in the margins of a document. peter wrote to teach on the verdict ekaterina he didn't talk anymore. with the heaviness of her heart, the sovereign returned by water to st. petersburg after inspecting the ladoga canal along the way. he saw a boat stuck aground by soldiers, which was swept by the waves, the emperor rushed to the rescue. saving human lives, peter fought to the last, as if he wanted to conquer the raging elements alone, this heroic deed had fatal

the consequences after several hours spent in cold water in the sovereign, a long-standing illness worsened, although qatar understood that from now on his days were numbered. there was no regret in his soul, he lived a glorious life full of deeds and accomplishments, on which others could only dream, he loved and was loved, had good and faithful friends, knew the joy of victory and the bitterness of defeat, fate, gave him the rare happiness of seeing how the most bold dreams become reality. he gave himself to this life, fully and generously shared his indefatigable energy with those. who was there. and when he met resistance and misunderstanding, what if he was ferocious and ruthless even to his loved ones? yes, he did not spare

either himself or others, but he created the great army, the fleet turned the moscow kingdom into a european power of swamps built a magnificent city of dreams, and yet doubts did not subside who would continue to do it, the eldest son alexei was accused of treason died , without waiting for the execution of the sentence, the younger peter died before he was 5 years old . two beloved daughters remained. and the wife before death, the emperor was going to name the heir to his last will, and remained a mystery.

pyotr alekseevich was fading rapidly with him , an entire era was fading into the past, but what he achieved forever changed the history of the russian state. the great northern war between russia and sweden for the possession of the baltic sea began with the battle of narva, where the untrained poorly armed troops of peter i met the strongest army in europe. swedish king charles 12 were defeated.