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was only 10 when he first encountered an angry mob. since then, for the rest of his life he has had convulsions and a nervous tic, traces of horror that he experienced during stalin's streltsy riot on a blood-splattered porch. did you know then someone that this frightened boy will soon destroy the old country in order to build a new one on its ruins. peter was the youngest son of tsar alexei mikhailovich and the last in line for the throne, when he was 4 years old, his father died, his elder brother fedor ascended the throne after the death of

tsar fedor, the boyars proclaimed ten-year-old peter the king, bypassing the middle brother of fifteen-year-old ivan, who was weak in both mind and health . however, their older sister, the smart and powerful princess sophia, used the streltsy rebellion to come to power on the spears of the streltsy. removed from power by tsarina sophia, peter, together with his mother, tsarina natalya, moved to an estate near moscow. preobrazhenskaya when peter turned 11, a funny army was recruited for his fun. peers became soldiers ; tsar peter at the same

time is young. the tsar began to learn the basics, naval science on the acne lake, near the slav was transferred created tsar peter stood out sharply among those around him, his height was 204 cm. almost half a meter more than the average male height of that time, the physique was disproportionate. long arms with large brushes, a small foot of the thirty -eighth size, narrow shoulders 48 cm, a small head strong excitement was distorted by a convulsive nervous tic the consequences of childhood upheavals. from early childhood. peter had incredible energy. he would now be diagnosed with hyperactivity. it was hard for him to sit in one place for a long time. in addition, he was deprived of the good teachers that his older brothers had, so peter did not finish even

the traditional course of education for the russian tsarevich and wrote all his life with grammatical errors, reading letters from his restless son sent with acne. the lake of tsarina natalya kirillovna and wept and laughed. all-loving and more than the bodily belly of my dearest mother, empress empress grand duchess natalya kirilovna sonishka two in the work abiding parsley. with your prayers, the whole lake is healthy opened and the courts all but a large ship in the finish only behind the ropes will be. i beg of you that those ropes of 700 sazhens from the pushkar order, not bags, were sent, and behind them our work will continue, but seven parks are blessed, please. from an early age, peter showed interest in everything related to manual handicraft

work. by the age of 18, he knew perfectly 14 crafts . kukui sloboda arose back in the middle of the 17th century, when alexei mikhailovich ordered that all foreigners who did not accept the orthodox faith be evicted from the city, located on the right bank. yauza near the kukui stream had its own infrastructure and management. the population was europeans of various nationalities who came to russia to work for hire, military doctors, artisans. the german settlement was very close to the

preobrazhensky settlement, right across the river, peter daily saw the spiers of the lutheran church and heard the sounds of someone else's tempting life. and when you can't handle curiosity. he decided to visit the settlement. they were already waiting there. having experience in military operations, but his main occupation was social life, he turned what is now called a party-goer into a profession and, in this capacity , made a brilliant career under peter. in addition , he became one of the people closest to peter,

it was leford who introduced his efficient valet to the king alexander menshikov, the future friend and associate of peter in all endeavors, as well as the young daughter of the local boar, anna monson, who will become royal favourite. pyotr began to speak fluently in german, learned to dance with the ladies, drink wine and smoke into a pipe. naturally, all this greatly worried his mother, tsarina natalya kirillovna. it was decided to marry peter so that he could settle down as a bride, he was chosen a nineteen-year-old, evdokia lopukhina, the ideal of an old moscow girl, stately, beautiful, calm and very pious not even two months had passed after the wedding o the newly-made husband has already left for lake pleshcheeva in his ship's

fun. meanwhile, a coup was being prepared in moscow sophia tried to keep power. i trustedly incited streltsy to kill peter, the guards of preobrazhensky strengthened peter was in extreme tension, and when a stifling august night in preobrazhenskaya came streltsy messengers to warn the tsar of the assassination attempt. peter's nerves failed. the tsar ran out into the yard in one shirt, jumped on a horse and, alone, without accompanying, dived into pitch darkness. it turned out in the morning. the sovereign went under the protection of the trinity-sergius monastery. elite there to be nemed for all his family and court and amusing search for peter began to move boyars clerks and troops in mid-september. it was all over, they dried up locked in the novodevichy convent, and

power passed to peter and the first serious business of the young sovereign was a military campaign. but at that moment, russia, together with austria, poland, was part of the anti-turkish league, the so-called holy alliance and , according to an agreement signed by the sophia, was obliged to fight with ottoman empire. but if sophia sent an army against the vassal of the ottoman empire of the crimean then, that peter decided to fight immediately with the turks, that is, go to the azov turkish fortress at the mouth of the e, which blocked the exit to the sea of ​​\u200b\u200bazov, so he intended to solve two problems at once to fulfill the terms of the agreement and cut russia's access to the sea. the first russian army did not move on dry land, but along the volga and don rivers on specially built river boats. peter

was officially in this campaign, the main scorer wore the rank of senior artillery officer. at first, the azov campaign seemed to the tsar a continuation of military losses, but two assault attempts failed peter ordered to return really, not the amusing war , the defeat began. all winter in the upper donabli from voronezh, a flotilla was built in the spring of 1696. the first russian fleet, two large warships, 23 galleys and one and a half thousand small ships, went down the don goat ships cut off the fortress from the side of the bay from supply sources. a month later, the fortress surrendered. russia received access to the

azov sea, the russian fleet successfully repelled attempts by the turkish troops to break through the blockade. peter returned to moscow as a winner, but for to continue the war with the ottoman empire, allies were needed. peter equipped a great embassy of diplomats and nobles to europe, and he himself went with them under the guise of a constable of the preobrazhensky regiment peter mikhailov, instead of the tsar, the court steward of ramadanovsky remained in moscow, who was still trusted by the father of peter alexei mikhailovich ramadanovsky was given the title of prince caesar, guardianship was entrusted, for the royal family, queen evdokia, the six-year-old tsarevich alexei and all the fullness of power was officially transferred, everyone was shocked, but no one dared to object or at least be surprised out loud, and only many years later the mechanic andrey nartov, who taught peter the turning business, would write in his memoirs. has anyone heard or read in

any legends that what autocrat, upon entering his throne, leaving the crown of the scepter and entrusting the reign of the kingdom to his neighbor nobleman, undertook wandering through foreign states, an example unheard of, but in russia the sovereign was filled with the very deed, finally saw his through the eyes of that world that europe dreamed of from its youth he was shocked by the truth in the paintings of galleries and at concerts he frankly yawned and languished. but what concerned the natural sciences, technology, maritime industry. all this aroused his admiration and lively interest. he wanted to try everything with his own hands in holland, a constable. pyotr mikhailov hired himself as a carpenter in a shipbuilding industry in order to personally go through all the stages of construction. the ship also repeated itself, and in england

foreigners did not know what to think of this strange youth, the king of the muscovites, he needed to everywhere to be everything try everything to expel everything learn yourself and learn your people. he was interested in how whales are caught, how the sick are treated, how paper is made. peter studied with an artillery master and listened to lectures in the anatomical theater. he persuaded various masters to go to russia and persuaded many. but it was not possible to achieve the main goal of the embassy to find allies for the war with turkey. all of europe was preparing to fight for the redistribution of spheres of influence after the death of the childless spanish king and help the russian tsar in the war against turk. it wasn't part of anyone's plans. but in poland, peter managed to find an ally against sweden. it turned out to be the king of poland and the elector, the saxon augustus is strong, the first handsome man in europe, an adventurer

and lovers of entertainment. when meeting with the polish king in august, tsar peter alekseevich stayed with him for dinner. during the table, august noticed that the silver plate served to him was unclean and, bending it with his hand into a pipe, threw it aside, peter , thinking that the king flaunts strength in front of him, also bent the plate and put both strong ones in front of him the sovereign began to twirl. move the plates and spoil the whole service, if this joke was not finished by the russian monarch with the following speech, bro, we beat silver fairly. we just need to work hard to bend the swedish iron for us. entering the war with sweden, russia could return its ancient novgorod lands in the baltic, it

was about the eastern coast of the gulf of finland, access to the baltic sea meant access to europe but before starting a war, it was necessary to restore the order of european negotiations in your country peter received from moscow the rebellious regiments came from velikie luki with them they carried a gram of the german settlement, to ruin and beat the germans because orthodoxy was ordered from them to go to moscow without fail, at least to die, and one limit was the disciples of the sovereign to not let him go to moscow and kill him because that he began

to believe the germans. having overcome 300 miles in four weeks, peter arrived in moscow by that time prince caesar, ramadanovsky had already suppressed the rebellion and carried out a search. 130 streltsov were executed another one and a half hundred bits with a whip and exiled upon arrival in the capital, peter ordered an additional investigation and re-investigation. he himself participated in interrogations and torture was organized, a mass public execution on red square was cut off the head of 800 streltsy and several hundred more were hung on the kremlin walls . 800 broken on that and sent to exile. from now on and forever

the words old man and sagittarius became synonymous for peter with the words anarchy and rebellion immediately after the executions of the archers, he began to reshape his life his own and given away by his unloved wife. evdokia. he forcibly sent his eight-year-old son alexei to the monastery, handed him over to be raised by his sister at the waist, began to openly live with his mistress anna monst, who was nicknamed the kukui queen. patriarchal moscow was shocked. but this didn't bother peter. peter personally cut off the beards of the boyars and issued a decree according to which everyone except the peasants had to wear western clothes and shave their faces with a beard. now only priests could walk. and those who paid a special beard duty for the nobles

officials from 600 rubles. 3.5 million per year for modern money for the hearing of cabbies up to 30 rubles. 180.000 per year for modern money. peter forced all the courtiers to change the way of life of john, to dress up his daughters in european dresses, to teach dancing and secular treatment in the morning, to brush their teeth and drink garlic coffee, and not to use sauerkraut. and there is a dutch fruit potato and so on ad infinitum. this year 7.208 from the creation of the world was supposed to begin, as usual from the first of september, but it wasn’t there that russia switched to the reckoning from the nativity of christ, therefore , the next year became 1700, the monarch’s will was ordered to stop fooling

people’s heads and count the new year everywhere from january 1 in honor of the new year to make decorations from spruce children to amuse sledding from the mountains, and for adults, drunkenness and scuffle are not very much for that and there are enough other days. the first new year's fun in russian history ended in a big fire. peter reacted to this indifferently. he did not like old moscow, besides, he had no time, he preparing for a big war against sweden, a secret alliance had already been concluded with the king of poland in august the second and the king of denmark, norway, frederick the fourth. moreover, both kings considered peter a younger brother and an auxiliary force, while the enemy of the 18-year-old king charles 12 was a parade hunting lover, none of them was perceived at all. seriously. he fell into his father's over the knee boots. where

should he be pulled out by the ears and well flogged joked, the polish king august laid siege to riga , which was part of sweden, and the danish king did not managed to joke, because on the 4th of august the swedish fleet appeared in copenhagen harbor. young charles with an unexpected blow forced the danish king to withdraw from the war. august soon lifted the siege of riga and left. peter with a poorly trained army turned out to be one on one, the strongest army in europe, the great northern war began. russian troops besieged the fortress. narva artillery turned out to be slava and the shelling of the fortress had no results. and after 2 weeks, the main forces approached narva. on the eve of the battle, peter left the swedes as the commander-in-chief of the duke

decroix and left for novgorod, he did not see how the iron swedish infantry scattered across the field, the russian regiments were only preobrazhensky semyonovtsy, that very once amusing army stood to the last knee-deep, in the blood did not see how hired foreign officers surrendered, how they threw them at their feet king charles russian banners at the surrender at this time, peter was already preparing a new army for a new battle. peasants served without exception singled out one recruit from 22 yards, the service was for life, all recruits underwent serious military training for the sample were taken former amusing regiments. the preobrazhensky and

semyonovsky soldiers received new uniforms and armament - a sword and a khuzia gun, instead of the old ones, saddles, after 10 years. the russian army numbered 200,000 soldiers of all branches of service and 100,000 irregular cavalry before peter the great, russia had never had such a large army, even during periods of intense hostilities. after the narva disaster, in order to replenish the treasury, peter took emergency measures to quadruple the production of money, while reducing the proportion of silver in the coin. it brought the country to the brink another national uprising. peter's actions have long caused discontent forcing to wear heretical clothes to smoke the devil's weed the nazis put the country in a war in the north. the people

already said that the tsar returned from abroad as a substitute, and indeed the de tsar remained behind the sea in prison, and having completely called the tsar the antichrist, peter did not pay attention. he ordered the removal of church bells in order to melt them down into cannons and was about to withdraw the entire treasury from the monasteries. he collected taxes mercilessly and squeezing all the juices out of the country among the people, excitement broke out every now and then and real big uprisings; nevertheless, peter built several large ships, the beginning of the russian navy and launched metallurgical plants in the urals, which soon provided the army with excellent artillery. the development of its own artillery, a full-scale military reform and a sharp increase in military spending soon bore fruit. russia gradually

began to fight with sweden on an equal footing, and then the fortresses were taken to win victories, notaburg not instance, narva marinburg, the last victory, as it turned out, the consequences played an important role in the personal life of peter alekseevich. the fact is that shortly before this, it turned out that the tsar's favorite anna morse, with whom peter had lived as a wife for 10 years, was not faithful to him, and although youthful thin love has long faded for peter her betrayal was very sick. a faithful friend and comrade-in-arms of the tsar menshikov helped. he had long suspected the monk of treason and prepared a fallback. a beautiful and efficient marta with a kavronian, either a latvian, or whether the belarusian from the prisoners captured in marenburg march turned out to be the woman that petruy needed after 2 years, peter settled her,

as his bride in transfiguration march, she converted to orthodoxy and received a new name ekaterina alekseevna, she will give birth to peter 11 children, officially become his wife and will crowned as empress. all this will come later. in the meantime, the endless northern war was going on and the russians were taking fortress after fortress on the baltic coast. now the entire neva from source to mouth was in the hands of russia soon on the island of lust elantu in the fall neva gulf of finland was founded a fortress with six bastions named the fortress of st. peter and paul, the first russian port on the baltic sea. soon there will be a new capital of the russian state, st. petersburg, six months later, the port of st. petersburg for the first time came a foreign merchant ship after another 3 years from the stocks of the new admiralty

shipyard. the first warship of the baltic fleet descended on the tsar's standard in the paws of a double-headed eagle holding maps of the three seas of the white caspian and azov, a fourth appeared the baltic beauty has fallen. this is a song from the cycle that i see, they sing such a feast. i really love incendiary easy. why why? you met him again, sang along with you from the very beginning to the very end. one thing i can say is that i wanted to go to the mountains again. season premiere. we sing in the kitchen of the whole country today on the first landa, i decided that there would be no more appropriate moment. come out for my

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days the tight knot of the caribbean crisis will be cut. the construction of a new capital in the baltic was complex and costly; the wetlands required drainage and strengthening; frequent floods ; up to 40,000 employees. here, for the first time in russian history , the labor of prisoners was used on a massive scale. and the first construction battalions appeared, the working day lasted 12-15 hours during the white nights around the clock for 15 years of construction from exhausting labor. in difficult conditions, at least 100,000 people died. in europe, the victories of peter did not attach much

importance to the greedy king of the muscovites captured a piece of swampy coast. his opponent, the swedish king charles xii, attracted much more attention to him; he fought in the very center of europe against the polish king august, when august lost both the army and the polish throne charles remembered about russia and went to finish off peter, they met on june 27, 1709. on the great field, six miles from the chatter on the eve of the decisive battle. both monarchs. the commander circled his troops. karl promised his soldiers that tomorrow they would dine in the convoy of the russian tsar. he prepared a lot of food for us. go, tomorrow, where glory calls you, tsar peter also turned to his troops of war. here

comes the hour that will decide the fate of the fatherland. therefore, you should not think that you are fighting for peter, but for the state of peter fatherland for our orthodox faith. the forces of the swedes in the battle amounted to 8,000 infantry, 8,000 cavalry and four guns, the russian force was 25,000 infantry, 9,000 cavalry and 73 guns . more than 8,000 swedes killed and wounded 4,000 prisoners during the battle, another 17,000. with the retreat from that moment, the swedish army ceased to be

the strongest military force in europe among the swedes. there was still a powerful fleet and the war was not over, but at the french, austrian and british courts , they were surprised to recognize the country of wild muscovites, which no one had previously considered. revolves in the new great power moscow cozy life carved wood towers tangled streets apple orchards, that's all, it's left overboard on the petrovsky ship. now the most favorite place for the sovereign has become, st . he personally inspected the construction of the summer palace was provided according to his own project, even the sewerage of which was not then available in versailles and enjoyed every day spent in his

parasitism, where it smelled of the close sea and swaddled wood. true, so far in st. petersburg there were no special beauties. it was very dirty. it was damp and cold, but part of the street had already been paved. everyone who was in st. petersburg on a cart was required to bring three stones, each weighing at least 5 pounds. and who on a ship of 30 stones, peter already saw the future marble palaces, a wide avenue, parks, boulevards clad in granite embankments are the new capital of the new side. the new country, in addition to the army , needs all new finance management legislation. there was no general plan for peter's reform ; everything was done as needed step by step. the war needed money . tax reform began. peter introduced a fixed tax.

it was levied once a year at a shower, that is, each male subject from the peasants 74 kopecks for modern money 4.440 rubles. from the townspeople 1 rub. 20 kop. 7.000 200 rub. and in terms of tax payers included categories of the population that previously did not pay taxes peasants of the north and siberia, residents of the national outskirts and the volga region, the revenue side of the budget increased threefold. thus , financial support for further transformations was created. peter the great understood his activities on the throne, how he strictly sought the same duty of tireless service to the fatherland, and from each of his subjects, regardless of the ranks from a serf to a senator, to control the state apparatus, peter invented fiscal officials who were official overseers for everything and all enthusiastic

in bribes officials, cruel defiantly punished. but the corruption of embezzlement reached unprecedented proportions from the collected 100 rubles. taxes to the treasury reached at best 30, the capital of the country's first treasury of the tsar's friend and ally menshikov became comparable to the country's budget, peter, who had lost all patience, was about to introduce a tough anti-corruption law. if someone steals so much that for this amount you can buy a rope to hang him. but immediately menshikov dissuaded him. stay without subjects min herdz for all the new ones institutions from the admiralty to the academy of sciences, peter personally participated in the writing of charters and regulations , instructions and resolutions on a variety of issues. peter's decree indicated

how to process shoe leather with what width to weave a swamp. what percentage of the profits to take to merchants, how to lay stoves? what to reap bread? how to get married and get married? how to treat diseases? in which coffins are the dead kept? how to behave in church? how many times a week to heat baths and so on each cash desk, the instruction must end the threat of punishment from a fine for chatting in church to the death penalty for forgery and treason. peter was sure that his subjects, like children, would not be able to do without his paternal intervention and instructions. him to live. alexei

, the son of the first wife of peter and evdokia lopukhina , lost his mother when he was 8 years old, he was raised by his aunt princess natalya peter from childhood tried 14 years he took with him to the war gave various assignments, but it was all useless, the only heir was clearly not going to continue his work, he was an adherent of antiquity and secret haters of reforms. petra was very worried. on the advice of peter's secret opponents, alexei fled abroad to austria, by which he signed his own sentence, russian intelligence quickly tracked down the fugitive. he was lured out of the shelter and brought to his father's nose, scared to death. the prince confessed under torture, named his accomplices and signed the abdication during the investigation . it turned out that alexei was afraid of an assassination attempt by

peter and his new wife catherine, realizing that he was objectionable. the heir tsarevich was imprisoned in a case from the peter and paul fortress. treason and they sentenced him to death the next day alexei was found in the casemate of the dead the official reason for the apoflex blow and the circumstances of his death are unknown until now it is only known that the prince was subjected to cruel, tortured during interrogations, mourning was declared to heaven. the day after the death of her son, peter celebrated the next anniversary of the battle of poltava on the usual scale, but a close one saw how hard it was in one of the letters, he complained. i suffer for everything, the fatherland is good for him, the

enemies do demonic dirty tricks to me ; at this time, peter, with merciless clarity, understood how fragile and unstable all his undertakings were in the case that happened to him. and everything will go to waste. but he had been ill for a long time and very seriously. according to medic blumentrost, by the age of 44, peter's medical history looked like this: chronic bronchitis, chronic colitis, chronic renal failure, urolithiasis, chronic hepatitis, hypertension, peter almost did not follow the prescribed diet and abstinence from alcohol, the main method of treatment was washing with sulfuric and salt waters at mineral resorts . peter understood that he needed

to hurry up and first of all finish the protracted northern war, but sweden, even after the death of charles xii did not want to sign peace and give russia the entire conquered baltic coast. it was necessary to put an end to swedish domination of the sea. the first major naval battle with the swedes. at gangut, it ended in a decisive victory for the russians. after 6 years in the battle of glingam, the swedish fleet suffered heavy losses, then sweden entered into a military alliance with england, the combined anglo-swedish squadron of admiral norris approached the revel to the base of the baltic fleet, but had no success. peace of nishtyatz was signed in august 1721, sweden recognized the transition to russia and germany in what is now the leningrad region of levland, latvia and parts of estonia iceland, the northern part of estonia and parts of korea russia

returned access to the baltic sea and the status of a great european power. the senate handed peter a petition for acceptance, the title of father of the fatherland. peter the great emperor of all russia from that moment on, the russian kingdom ceased to exist in his place. the russian empire was born already had 4 years to live. almost all of his children died in infancy. heir pyotr petrovich lived only up to 3 years two adult daughters remained. anna and elizabeth and the grandson, little peter alekseevich, the son of tsarevich alexei, peter did not want to make him his heir. fearing that supporters of the old order would come to power with him. in this situation, peter decided to break the ancient traditions of the throne

of inheritance by issuing a decree on the appointment of an heir by will, the ruling monarch. so that this is always in the will of the sovereign, to whom he wants to determine the inheritance. in the spring of 1724, in the assumption cathedral of the kremlin, peter solemnly crowned his wife catherine and proclaimed her empress, but did this mean that he intended to transfer the throne to her, no orders were made by peter on this account. soon after the coronation, his attitude towards his wife changed dramatically. peter found out that catherine was cheating on him and her lover, her younger brother, a former favorite. anna monson is the 36-year-old handsome man in the world. it was a hard blow. catherine was peter's only love, the only person who could shorten wild outbursts of uncontrollable rage. tolstoy diplomat. graph

gaming. friedrich basevich. having witnessed such scenes more than once, he recalled that he sometimes had seizures, when he was seized by a gloomy thought that they wanted to encroach on his special seizures, these were horror, for his entourage they recognized their appearance from him by the well-known convulsive movements of his mouth, the empress immediately informed him , she began to talk to him and the sound of her voice immediately calmed him, then she sat him down and took caressing his head, which she lightly scratched, this had a magical effect on him, and he fell asleep in a few minutes so as not to disturb his sleep. she held his head on her chest and sat motionless for two or three hours. after that, he woke up completely fresh and vigorous. peter was never a faithful husband, leading

a soldier's camp life, the goal did not disdain casual relationships with servants, soldiers' wives, even setting a special fee of one dukat for the night of love, they could not escape the royal attention of a court lady of all ranks were slaves became goddesses such was the slogan, noble ladies , the motto of petrovsky swelling, sharp often forced change of worldview behavior. and clothes for many became too serious a stress, the traditional norms of female morality collapsed. don was asked by the sovereign himself openly, who cheated on his wife with several mistresses at once in the chambers of the maid of honor maria hamilton, countess avdote. chernyshova nee rzhev countess maria rumyantseva nee matveeva balazhskaya, princess maria kantemir elizaveta sinyavskaya nee

book, not from lubimir, they all lived with peter with the knowledge of their husbands or fathers. catherine endured all the betrayals in the thickest spouse never without reproaching him, and peter did not endure, the handsome william was arrested, but in order not to disgrace the empress on charges of bribery, the investigation was extra urgent in 5 days. he announced the verdict after another 3 days, he was cut off his head, the body was left right on the scaffold for several days, and the head was alcoholized in a large jar and, by order of peter, they were placed in the chambers of catherine for more than a year of the emperor, the empress almost did not talk. they did not dine and did not sleep together in the fall of 1724. peter began to have serious health problems. but despite the restrictions doctors, he continued to go about his usual

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famous fleas and fit in a box of 150 pieces. what ferromagnetic alloys do you use? guys, grants are savvy for more than 25 billion rubles. on the renewal of the scientific base and the birth of new stars of science the national project of russia is what is important here and now on january 16, peter could not get out of bed. he ordered to call the empress, they talked for 3 hours and that's it. this time, catherine was kneeling before him. finally, they reconciled and forgave each other on january 17, the pain became so strong that it was impossible not to appease them. the emperor's cries echoed throughout the palace. catherine did not leave. from his head on january 22 , in the interval between attacks, peter confessed on january 27 and asked for a slate board to write his will. he did not know that for almost a day

in the neighboring chambers of his generals and senators were deciding who would take the throne that had not yet been emptied. for many of them, it was a matter of life and death for one party, well- born aristocratic princes. dolgoruky golitsyn regnin played for the ten-year-old peter alekseevich, son of tsarevich alexei, another party. new to know leaps menshikov tolstoy when you participated in the trial of tsarevich alexei and now feared his son together they wanted to see the emperor's wife on the throne peter managed to write two words. give everything and fell into oblivion, a fire began. at 4:00 senate. i decided to give the throne to ekaterina alekseevna, she herself at that time was still at the bedside of her dying hip at 5:10. she has it in her arms. peter died. he was 53 years old.

the official ruler of the country was a woman. but this did not cause bewilderment among the people. the limit of surprise during the reign of peter i was long ago exhausted. in addition, catherine aroused involuntary sympathy, because her life resembled a fairy tale about how the king fell in love with a simple girl, either a married woman or a tokuharka, and made her a queen.