of course, we will also talk today, but all our conversations are aimed at ensuring that our viewers read with pleasure now this night and we will always speak today as a wonderful guest. this is, uh, my old friend colleague alexei varlamov good night, alexei varlamov is primarily a prose writer, the author is very, and we will also talk about famous wonderful romanovs hmm in addition, and alexei varlamov is the author of a whole bunch of biographies about writers and thinkers of the first half of the 20th century russian - this is also will be our theme. well needless to say, it has been for many years. how many, by the way, 8 years has alexey varlamov been the rector of the gorky literary institute of this cult university, which is located in the very center of moscow near pushkinskaya square on tverskoy boulevard in the house that was glorified in

bulgakov’s novel the master and margarita under the name of the griboyedov house, although on in fact, this is the house of herzen, as we know very well. well, we'll start with the calculation of premiums. e, alexey varlamov laureate of many premium twice laureate, national literary award, big book winner patriarchal prize winner of the solzhenitsyn prize, and i am very pleased, the winner of the student booker prize, which is indicated on one of the books - this is a prize now, unfortunately. eh, for the time being, we will read it this way, it is not relevant this award, when you came up with your obedient servant. it was very nice. that is, it was the choice of students who are not obscured by any official standards. they just read books and chose their laureate. and so they chose. uh, they chose varlamov. i propose to start a conversation. from the book that was

crowned with premium big book. excuse me, for this repetition, the second prize in rank, the first second third. here is the second very honorary award. e was e, awarded to alexei varlamov for the book rozanov's name is e, biography of vasily vasilyevich rozanov and e. the self-title, of course, refers to a certain subtext, but here's how rozanov appeared, he is already the fifth or sixth of your heroes. let's remember them, which were already the eighth eighth, which means bulgakov chronologically, then there was alexander grin and then there was alexei tolstoy, then there was grigory rasputin, he is not quite a writer, but nevertheless, such, of course, a figure in russian life, and then mikhail bulgakov, then there was andrei platonov, then there was vasily shukshina and now ah, vasily rozanov and you are right that, but rozanov he

somehow appeared in my previous books as such, well, a minor one might say, but a very important character, for example, in the biography of brishvin. yes, the well-known conflict, the yelets gymnasium, when rozanov expelled the geography teacher roznov, expelled the high school student. prishvina hooligan loser for not knew, uh, where is the island of ceylon in response began to be rude and in the gymnasiums it was not allowed to be rude to the teacher it was impossible. these institutions were the most serious crime. here, well, e exactly appeared, for example, in the biography of andrei platonov, since the figure of pink was extremely important for the platonic. he repelled him and argued with him, but it was so important for him after the departure of the rose of the people, they did not intersect. yes, but nonetheless. there are absolutely amazing recordings of viktor shklovsky that are exactly flat, which when he made such an air. ice in russia and platonov at that time he worked as a provincial

land reclamator in the voronezh province, they write that he met with the provincial land reclamation worker, who speaks of the rose of ishkovsky, who actually wrote the first book. yes, yes, this fact of shklovsky was, uh, a parasite, and then it was exactly met in the biography of rasputin. by the way, it’s very interesting, because we are generally used to perceiving rasputin so a little bit, some kind of cranberry frivolous figure of russian life in russian history, but in fact they wrote about him . the deepest russians, of course, but also wrote merezhkovsky. and prishvin wrote a block wrote, white berdyaev wrote sergei nikolaevich bulgakov wrote, but they rather could n’t be wary of such a negative attitude, but exactly like that there was a whole panel, in his honor he composed very uh, so unexpectedly praised rasputin and it seemed very interesting to me generally a panicker. eh, if we are talking about pink, it sounds ambiguous from the very beginning, because it is a paradoxical figure and those who like to teach it. it's something to catch all the time they say that here you are you speak for and here you speak against. eh, a year

ago. you say one thing, and then another, but this is such a figure, apparently woven and the paradox was scolded during his lifetime, and in response he mockingly spoke in a straight line, only ravens fly, and the heavenly bodies move along the else. and why should i have one point of view on the subject? i have several of them, but still here i see, maybe i'm wrong. and you , of course, are more of an expert in this field, but i see here a paradoxical reference to the demons of dostoevsky because there is such a famous scene when ivan shatov asks his mentor. there, the motherland didn’t tell me, i’m quoting roughly , they didn’t tell me that russian people can not live without god, and now you say that there is no god. when you lie then or now e and the staurogen is not easy to read and says, and then i did not lie and now i do not lie. i'm just now speaking from the point of view of you being true and saying, he is not, there is some kind of it after all. a moral defect, well, no one reproached rozanov for a moral defect, but,

it seems to me, i don’t know if he meant strogino himself, when he declared such a position of his, in general, of course, dostoevsky meant a lot to an even person, and in the biographical sense, apollinaria can be performed even the first. actually coined this term. legend of the great inquisition. and the rostov of dostoevsky 's brother karamazov does not have this word. legend that's uh, so uh, of course, these reproaches. they spoke out to him, but you know, what a thing. it was the spirit of the times. i think rozanov, like no one else, reflected the spirit, uh of the time, when and uh, already mentioned rasputin was perceived by some as a prayerful elder by others, as a depraved terrible person. when azov is another such important figure. that era, on the one hand, is a terrorist. yes and so, it seems to me, uh, rozanov's nature, rozanov's personality, like sponge in it was the spirit of the times, and he expressed and reflected the spirit of the times, which was really very

dual, very two-faced, very indefinite. but, if rozanov were different, he would not be pink and therefore make claims against him, it seems to me, well, this is a little funny. it's ridiculous, all the more now. well, okay, even his contemporaries could reproach him for some kind of moral uncleanliness, but now we don’t know who we are to judge someone for behavior, of course, he was the way he was and that mattered a variety of things. yes, his attitude, there are jewish issues. one of the most yes, and he actually had a different attitude towards orthodoxy, he also simultaneously spoke from christian positions, passionately loving the russian church, on the other hand, he wrote such terrible things about christ e that no worm would write there attitude towards russia, which, on the one hand, he was madly in love with, but precisely because he loved allowed himself the most severe criticism, and in the address of his native country, but this is exactly. here he was like this. my task, the author’s, my task, i’m definitely not saying not to

rate him how bad or good he was, but simply to tell the reader that there was such a rozov and the reader is already free to do with my book whatever he wants to accept my hero does not accept my hero, my task is to honestly tell his story, i see. well, you said a wonderful thing, but the legend of the grand inquisitor. this is really a book that allowed him to engage in literary work. this is the ninety-first, it seems the year. yes i'm not mistaken, but she made him a name she would make. this is important. really. yes , that's exactly what i mean, but a very important thing. you said that he invented this phenomenon. yes, i invented it, because this text does not exist. e brother romanov yes, the devil knows ivan's plan, he says that he lets him know that he knows about this plan ivan in horrified rectangle and says no. no, just not about that. that is, in general, all this never existed with this hand. can you tell? so rozanov adds a lot in russian

culture, but, as it were, he adds with words what is precisely because of the paradoxes, and other less decisive ones who walk in a straight line could not finish who stood on opposite sides of the barrier. is it possible to say that he succeeds in something so, very special, that few people understand by the teeth you can say anything, but it seems to me that the word append suggests some agreement with the original. yes, a sequel. he is rebelling. he explodes, he refutes, he resists exactly never for exactly always against when there is such a fantasy. yes, this is such a water surface that is never calm. she always rolls like waves and destroys everything, and at first he is fascinated by something, then they love him just as much. this is also an interesting thing. when he studied at the gymnasium, his biography was so complicated, he studied at three gymnasiums, he was a hooligan, a loser, inveterate, uh, scary, but at the same time he said

that russian high school students - this is the best thing in russian history, because the devil will break his teeth about them. and then this person becomes a gymnasium teacher and a teacher. he becomes holding his muzzle. he was a terrible teacher was a terrible teacher. everyone who remembers him remembers some kind of monster, and in this, too, are the amazing products of rozanovskaya's personality. well, i must say that the title of the book, of course, is not unconditional. yes, there is something they say here, of course, it's all the same just such a marketing ploy uh, and it has nothing to do with this ambiguous strange polysemantic speech that can be on the u screen. before roman bertok, i have to appear as a love drama, but in some way, er, to present the interpretation as filo. and the treatise, and for someone to appear as an exercise in a parallel history, is there still some kind of parallel or or not to you

rozanov himself became more understandable or not after writing the book? well, maybe it has become a little more understandable, but again i want to say that i myself am very different from you written. yes, a lot has been said, there is a wonderful roznov encyclopedia of such a thousand nikolaevich putin let's name him. yes, the man says the first such biography of miscellaneous in the series. yes, of course, yes, and therefore i immediately limited the task for myself that i have no purpose to write. this is such a comprehensive book. there is no purpose to write his complete biography. about the meaning of all his work. i confess terrible things when i write biographies of my hero writers. the first thing i do is read a collection of their writings. well, what are you re-reading, something in the first time in this horror salted on these 330 and understood. i won't read this. i just drowned i will drown in this material and my task is very simple to tell the story of his life. here is his biography. in the truest sense of the word. i don't touch much of his

work. here is my task to tell, when he was born, who were dad and mom, what were the women in his life, what were the children in his life? yes, because that's family life for growth. this is really the most important thing, in fact, it is family life that explains everything about him. coups. after all, this is amazingly even entered into russian literature conservatively with the police, yes, in such right-wing positions, and from the position of the monarchists, and then suddenly here he is like me, and pavel himself is the other way around. yes, the apostle paul who becomes the most becomes a pagan. he becomes a judaphile, he becomes a christian. why does this happen to paul, who becomes the most one can say that it happened to him, on the contrary , and why did it happen because here is, as it were, one of the most tragic tense moments of his life. it is his marriage history. yes, his first wife was apollinaria suslova, a lot of dostoevsky well, not very long-term, but in general, some

period some period. there were two marriages. this is a significant period. i think that fyodor mikhailovich would not have written almost anything if they had parted like snakes, yes, but in his life both destructive constructively and in the life of various things are the same, and then, in general, they parted, and he has a second wife, but he was not divorced from the first, and therefore the second marriage was not considered legal, although they did not marry in the church, but for the state meant nothing, and so the children who were born in this marriage. they were not legitimate children. they didn't have his last name, they didn't have his, patronymic, and other things that wildly pissed off lilo, that he just didn't do it in order to turn the tide completely fet. yes , it was absolutely a completely common story, and people somehow put up with it and adapted myself to grigorievna dostoevskaya, who is already in the future satisfied, yes, exactly very friendly. he said you were worried. well, your girls will come out married, they change their last name, and he was furious wild. well, in a terrible situation, he would be such a person,

of course, with such fantastic ideas about how the family got sick and died, the girls would go to the panel and become prostitutes, and he wanted them to be again like a son, relaxed. yes, and a prostitute. liza from the underground and many more who exactly? yes and so he writes a letter to the victorious ruling marquis, and they say to him, it’s even hard that he can’t do it and even understands that there are enemies around. well, enemies, who are they there, not the church bureaucracy, not the synod no higher. he is also a maximalist. and who is higher than jesus christ, and this is where the rozanov rebellion against the gospel against orthodoxy against the new testament begins, and from here, his roll into jewry the old testament in the ancient religion, because from his point of view there could not be such a thing, yes, and here is exactly the translation because if you do not recognize my children, yes, if christ did not order, as rozanov believes , to recognize children, at least in the

interpretation and then on the laws. it sounded like his christoclasm arises. not even richer. that's it christ because for it turns out that christianity is a religion with which it is good to die, but it is bad to live christianity against the family against sex. yes, the most important part of human life, connected with eos with physical love, is also, as if shamefully hushed up, and exactly in this one, wildly infuriates the most important topic, the most important so-so writes down such details that james joyce just rests . yes, for him, he really was like that. here is an infant profit in every sense of the word. yes, because he could approach any woman and ask. but how are things with her husband still like at night, that there all the universities wanted him himself, are things going on or not at all? circumstances can you discuss the theatrical opening or what? you ate for dinner, that you can't discuss it? this is such a part of life, a huge huge important part of life, and than everything

else . it's wonderful what you said rozanov i i think so, it seems to me, i am much less, uh, his feelings than would be, but it seems to me that he is not always aware of his bulgarianness. he is not a price tag. yes, absolutely organic, just like a child. the fact is that here, as if my idea of ​​​​my book is exactly in this writer to a person who was robbed of his childhood. this is how his biography turned out. there, father died early. mom for the second time, well, actually got married. that's what a terrible man was, spread rot on children and was exactly a terrible father. virtually taken away childhood, and from this childhood. he fled to dream. he escaped in a dream from all these circumstances. and now, it seems to me, this is a stolen childhood. it then popped out. he remained such an eternal child at the same time, nevertheless, rozanov is valuable to us, not just for that. uh, how original he is, unlike anyone else, and by the fact that he expressed the time, because after all, the

iron curtain. no matter how much they argue, he is or churchill, but still his idea, of course, after yes, of course the revolution yes, yes, this is his metaphor. i am the apocalypse of our time, that is, vasily vasilyevich rozanov, of course, hmm, organically and directly, i didn’t even always think about what he was doing and expressed a lot of truths. yes, actually the first russian blogger. after all, he came up with this genre e, the writer's diary. after all, this is the first block, after all, this is such a slightly long dough, and yet it is written in such a slightly heavy language in a dostaevsky way that it even made a revolution in the language, we speak our own fallen leaves, therefore, books in general. because yes, the person did not read. well, because by and large rostov journalism, interesting specialists. well, yes, he is sharp paradoxical, but who will read his

numerous articles in the new time and in the russian word it has become part of history, fallen leaves are forever, solitary fallen leaves are the genre itself and thoughts in the same. if you think this is an essay. i really like the fact that in fact it is, as if the fight against literature is followed by some kind of reasoning, and then e famous clarifications. she is a cab driver, but without a matic, sitting backwards on a pile of proofreaders. well, as if there is no literature, but there are, uh, side arguments that visit him at other moments when he is driving cabs, but in fact , everything is the other way around, if literature. come on, as prishin said that rozanov this, after the word of russian literature, is wonderful. and i'm a free application or diaries of a huge crack of eighteen tons, which is now completely forced into 150 years. this is very important, if it weren’t for the prish, we wouldn’t know where roznov’s grave is. and what is terribly interesting, on the one hand, when they were there in this yelets gymnasium? yes, this one kicked him out of actual life

he did not break, but actually gave fate. who knows, he would have given exactly to prishvin from the gymnasium, and he would have become the previous one, and then he wrote down the place where the grave is located in the chernihiv skeletal one , thanks to this, thanks to this, we have now stopped this grave for you, indeed the image of mikhail mikhailovich prishvin has greatly transformed into the last years, because it is not only and not so much to write a naturalist, but it is also a wonderful photographer. and most importantly, this is a thinker who, in 18 volumes, left invaluable testimonies from of his time. well, now, according to the plan, alexey nikolayevich is going to bet. it 's called the old book. caucasian mineralnye vody can only be a city, we don’t go to honey falls. oh, this is wow,

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on saturday at first sasha i talk about the books that are on my shelf, this is not a museum exhibit. these are just books that i take off the shelf, the basic idea is very simple, that books talk to us not only when we read them. and just we see the spine, we see how this book looks like. i have in my hands a book that was published in 1893 on the causes of the decline and new trends in modern russian

literature. the book is famous first was a lecture by dmitry sergeevichkovsky. this is a very well-known fact here and the inscription is a deed of the nineteenth year of an unknown person. this book was given to someone on their wedding day. but that's not the point. eh, it seems to me that in this lecture, then in this book, merezhkovsky comprehends literature and the spirit of the times in a completely new way and in many respects for the first time in the ninety-third year before when, in the light of the first issue of the collection, the russian symbolists valery bryusov was another year in the ninety- fourth year , he appears and russian there is no symbolism yet. and here merezhkovsky calls to understand that literature is connected with time by very thin threads ; here merezhkovsky draws a very simple conclusion. this is the thick book. and i, er, almost only one phrase, the three main elements of the new art, the mystical content of the

symbols and the expansion of artistic impressionability, my god. how exactly, on the one hand, the sphere of literature includes, er, a lot of what was not included before. we just saw that in conversation. yes? well, questions of sex are questions of everyday life. well, and so on. it's like taboo things like that. that is, as if it were a continuation of positivist logic. we will know. uh, people, typical character in typical circumstances, realism is still increasing, but we are computer people. and we understand that if you increase and increase, then the pixel will blur. yes, here he says, here you appear mystical content. this is a book that, uh, made up an epoch in its time and it is very important, uh , and notable for our modernity, to also look for these keys to look for. uh, such magical master keys to what is now happens in art. well, we'll be back. now to your creativity to your books.

we talked about the biographies of which eight a and e are all heroes. well, they are related to each other. they lived in the same space, they represent the same spirit of the times, the king of the guests, and this is the time that you like, as a literary historian, as a philologist, but i don’t know whether you like it or not, but you somehow plow it. it is very interesting to me, and i can say that i really have such different heroes, but what unites them, they all were born, uh, in the nineteenth century, they were all brought up in that price system. okay, but they all entered the literature in the silver age, by the way, this is merezhkov's book, because in many ways this is such a silver chronological beginning, of course, of course, and then all my heroes somehow faced the revolution. it was with this terrible break, the upheaval of russian life, that they had to somehow build relations with this new time. yes, either accept it or not accept it, go into exile go into the opposition go into the service of the bolsheviks, as whatever. yes, they are of great interest to me.

they really seem to be extremely important. you know, i. now i'll try to guess. uh, the link between your studios as a biographer. uh, and as a novelist, this is the book i'd like to talk about. eh, this is a book, my soul paul is very. well, beloved. after all, it is also a turning point, yes, because, uh, this book is our contemporaries with you. i didn't specify. we are almost the same year, yes, yes, now we are around sixty, therefore, everything that is connected. the annex was then, as on when we were around thirty or a little less and this is the same fracture. yes, that’s exactly how it is spiritual that’s how we are, too in general, we were brought up in one country, we were brought up in the same system of values, and then there was this turning point, which can be assessed differently then or otherwise we all ended up at some point in another country had to build their relationship. here with this other country with this other reality. and, of course, this is the

era of change that we had to go through, and i'm interested in it. well, here, as a fact, that's what the chinese say there. yes, it seems to be a proverb. god forbid yes lies there in an era of change. so we had to ask a provocative question. is it correct to say once again about a person who is quite predictable. well, that is, before the year 85 there was one after the eighty-fifth year. he became different, and then something happened to him or is he uh, there is a business there or uh, something happened to him? but is it wrong to talk about the hero in the 19th century, after all, hits, if we use our terminology, the book was not about the past, but the burning present, yes starting with the hero of our time lermontov and then oblomov bazarov yes, actually, uh hmm everything, yes, all russian classics, it is relevant today there, well, the captain's daughter. unless to remember, well, war and peace in part, although,

there is the ultimate crime punishment eugene onegin woe from the mind all chekhov all dostoevsky people. yes, absolutely modern. yes, yes, yes, it’s true, i also thought about it, why, if in the nineteenth century literature described modern life, today, literature is very retrospective from some point, because pushkin gogol there are departures bulba at pushkin's the captain 's daughter even lermontov vadim a. and the songs of merchants, of course, still in the 19th century, russian literature had almost no competition, but i mean that literature really was our everything and main thing inside the country. and so literature felt. this is the need to write about modernity today, there are a lot of different other sources or literature about modernity. maybe that's why it is not quite capable and wants to compete with them. this is one second moment. but we really, it seems to me, are

doomed to argue about the russians of the 20th century. maybe we lived through it well, but we didn't understand it. that's what it was, that it was a dispute about the soviet era. and the soviet union what are hot? who in the soviet union just thinks that this is such a peak in the development of russian civilization, a great country, oh, which we have lost such a black hole for someone, a solid much simpler, supposedly normal story. yes, yes, and therefore, it seems to me, literature is bringing some the necessary contribution. they bring in, yes, in order to deal with this, but if we talk specifically about and my roman, my soul, paul , do you understand? what a thing, so i do not really agree with the fact that the hero of my novel. here is such a typical person. for me, he is just an exception, because yes, he is from a closed city from the military, yes, and he is a person who sincerely believes in soviet values ​​works, again, our dear viewers can agree to

disagree there. yes, i remember my youth well. yes, i was born in such absolutely soviet family. my father and mother were communists, i was brought up by the soviet school. pioneer. komsomol at some point. i realized that everyone is lying to me. that all this ideological husk that surrounds us and all these correct soviet slogans and all these peoples of the party are single words, different. yes, because life is different and when i entered the university, but at school we are still small there, maybe we didn’t talk a lot on this topic, but you won’t meet him in it - it’s already different. and of course, here is the philological faculty of moscow state university where i studied in the eighties. i cannot say that it was some kind of hotbed of liberalism and opposition, but, nevertheless, a healthy critical one for these people. there was nikolaevich rubin. well, others, and at the lectures of the mechanics there, stop anybody. yes yes, of course, they told how it was. perhaps the truth about our lives, about forbidden names, about forbidden books that did not reach us, that we wanted

to read. yes, we wanted to read all the colors, everything reeled him off, all pasternak, all bunin, we wanted to read, and somehow pavel, who is the soul my. my soul paul - it really is. a child who absolutely believes in soviet values, he is such an ideological komsomolets because he was born in a city where this, speaking in the scientific language of cognitive dissonance, what you are brought up for and the fact that you see me did not even seem to be such an orthodox komsomolets, he is just heartfelt sincere a man, but he finds himself in the soul environment, where political jokes are told, where brezhnev a is ridiculed and he ends up on a collective farm. yes, this is generally such a fact with a biography when we entered the university was in the first year they didn’t send us in the first year they didn’t send us, and about us right away. so we entered the universities in the first year. uh, state farm terminal, well, the food program. tom philology still girls small so they sent the boys. boys go girls

, boys are listening to lectures, which means they are pulling potatoes. and so he ends up on a collective farm, and in this soviet closed city, life was still much better and higher in such material terms. here's where he got to. well i shop and what's nothing? where is the store? well kind, let there be a shop, because in his hometown with shops, thank god everything is fine. for us it was a shock in moscow there were a better store, but still we understood approximately, but he simply does not understand. he feels like a black sheep, despite the fact that he is a soviet person, and in the soviet country he feels like a black sheep and looks at him. where are you guy fell from? you snitch spy. who are you in a closed city? can you say? i came from a closed city, there is my own secret, and the regime and such a guy really needed to be, and i also was very curious. a real man. he absolutely has a portable. and when i was writing a novel, i had an idea every time i left the university. my whole life was connected there, it was terribly pathetic. here i come. i became a rector here. i thought i was

honestly writing a novel about a university. here is such a last bow as a sign of gratitude, and these people are a teacher to their friends. and so, how would the casting be to choose the main character. and it would seem that it would be possible for some intellectuals to choose such a wise any such critical mood, yes and suddenly i realized, no? no, that's not interesting, and this guy here came. why did he come, because , of course, for us for all, the university is such a powerful muststart, growth is maturation, but it has its lowest point, it seems to have come to the most innocent. it's novel. about the loss of innocence. please tell me, but in the russian academic youth theater, and how, from your point of view, the novel was staged. after all, alexei vladimirovich borodin himself is no more or less famous director. uh, took up what to put uh, this romance on stage of a beautiful theatre, how did you perceive it? how is it that such great luck

, great luck and happiness in my life often happens that this happened? yes, that alexey vladimirovich read this novel and suggested that i stage it. here is a workout, though i didn’t do it, because. in the morning i have nothing to do with others and did. uh, such a wonderful young playwright. polina babushkina by the way, she graduated from the gorky literary institute. i will do an excellent staging and the performance turned out , i remember my feelings very well, and borodin well, as it were, he did not involve me in this work. there is not a rehearsal, did not call anywhere. that is, this work is still different. it is more or less separate from you. in what sense? yes, it’s not based on motives, everything is there, but it was their work. i remember that they called me. they just called me. here today there will be a run to come these yes, and i was very worried. here's what it will look like. here are my heroes on stage. and when i just started it all. i had a complete feeling that i was in some kind of fairy tale, because it was so great made. yes, this is different than my novel. emphasis can be placed differently there,

but, in principle, the heroes of the dramaturgy the atmosphere of time and the echo with our time. very interesting, yes, and the disputes that my heroes lead on stage, yes, and the eternal themes of love, because this is the loss of innocence. she really is such a total loss of innocence, and in every sense of the word. yes, this is such a growing up going beyond. all clear. after all , it is very easy to live in a world where absolutely everything is clear, clear. and so it is disturbing and strange, yes, and my hero, as it were, is brought up. yes, there is still such a very important point, what, and when does he enter the novel of education? yes, a very important point. well, in the novel, he is also in e in the play on stage, and he sets the entrance exams and scores very low. it's a shame, yes, he doesn't pass, e, the dean of the faculty, who feels great sympathy for him. in general, there epilation, supposedly gives such. in general, he rewrites this whole story for him, makes sure that he enters, but in fact he has 17 points, and a passing

24 and the idea of ​​my novel and the idea of ​​the performance, that he must quickly get all these points in order to study, and now they put him in a room, here in the smartest guys who should educate him. moreover, neither one nor the other is aware of this , and he looks at them from them , here are the enemies of soviet power, what they go and tell and they look at brezhnev in front of him. well, how about an idiot? and a snitch, but at some point he begins to learn from them, and they learn from him, but does not mechanically take from them the fact of the matter is that there is an interaction. yes of course, in the end it's all the case does not take something, it would be right, uh, it would be right to build it. uh, well, such a series, uh, maybe the phantasmagoric students of trifonov, aksionov's colleagues, and finally, the recent roman alexander of the arkhangelsk bureau, checking this is all, uh. those sciences that are taught and it turns out

that the main thing is not science. the main thing is absolutely true. yes, no matter how i thought, but probably, if it was, well, nothing happened, the thought is important that here pavel and his neighbors, they are antagonists , start with the fact that they are in conflict, but then they still find a common language, they still agree on something. it seems to me that this is very important for me for our time, yes, yes, we must learn to negotiate and respect someone else's point of view. so even if you disagree with her, we should just be able to talk to each other. i love how the novel ends, i think. i made a mistake with the monogamous. pavlik thought with tenderness, looking at the pinocchio and it looks like this girl. mom is not busy. it's so lovely good ending. i uh hope you have many more books in both biography and prose genre we are waiting for them. thank you so much for today's conversation. alexei varlamov was with us today, a wonderful prose writer and, uh,

a documentary filmmaker. i wish new books and productions and i say, as usual, read with pleasure. thank you. hello, i'm pilot cosmonaut anton shklarov today my guest is evgeny boris kuznetsov venture investor co-founder of the rosatom venture fund futurologist colonization of the moon exploration of mars construction of new objects in space today we will talk about modern projects and plans, how realistic they are. well, the first question for you is eugene. tell us about your activities and how it is connected with space. of course, i’m far away, but , unfortunately, i didn’t manage to visit it in

the literal sense, i, of course, envy him endlessly. yes, for now i hope so far, yes, but it so happened that one way or another, almost all life is connected with space. so. uh, like at first, like scientists wanted to do space, but the last few years have been about 15 years. i do venture capital investments investments. this is an investment in technology. moreover, technologies that are just emerging. that is, it’s still too early to talk about them, as it were, but in contrast, here it ’s just right. and it so happened that cosmos got into the sphere of venture investments, just for the last 10-15 years. well, from the moment the first investors invested in a mask in bezos and in others, but large well-known companies. over the past 10 years, venture investments in space have already become quite an active trend; already several thousand companies have been invested. and there i am looked at the latest figures more than $270 billion has been uttered to these companies and the private space industry. it can be said that they have taken

place, that is, they are already, and in terms of price-quality ratio they are even ahead of the classic projects created. well, they compete at the same level, it competes so, of course, very well. that's why, through this prism, through this here, access to venture deals. i look at what is happening, that is, ah, what is the point of venture capital investments, you invest a little money now in a company, then it develops and becomes 10 years later it’s already large and big, and now you see what you’re investing in, so it’s still there literally 10 years ago. when i told you about some things about space investments in russia, they were somehow very skeptical about this there, for example, the space internet or something else. and now it is already clear that this is a major industry that has taken place, so when i look now, what is it investing in now. i can also, with some certainty, uh, see what will happen in 5-10 years. uh, never 100% unfortunately crowned always a huge share of the risk. that's

why venture. that is there even to say that most of the companies are invested. she doesn't take off. it's a common story, but the ones that take off they bring in enough money to make up for it all. you invest, uh, money, look for uh projects that you are interested in at all. eh, were there? russian projects that you yes you know to invest. we are in our time. it was back in the fourteenth year, together with the agency for strategic initiatives. i then worked at the russian venture company launched the so -called national technology initiative. this is such a program to find and support promising start-ups in russia, and they created several working groups there. one of such working groups. and spacenet. just about space, by the way, he says, sergey zhukov is there, and he runs everything. here, for sure you know, yes, yes, here and uh, hmm we looked,

well, a lot quite a few dozens, if not hundreds of russian startups, and some of them, uh, still represent big interest. i uh in a few uh, almost invested of them, but just an investment process. it is always such that a lot of phases need to go through and the deal does not always come off, but here are some. i'm still watching, for example. associated with ground infrastructure, because it will always be needed, and so on. well, here are some of the startups that i liked the most. it was like, uh, a startup related to, uh, printing organs in space 3d printing. solutions is a startup made, and yusuf hissuani is cool a startup, and it flew to orbit if i'm not mistaken in the eighteenth year, and they printed, but the pancreas, or rather, the thyroid gland of the mouse was successfully printed and returned to the ground, in general it was a very interesting story that the americans were also in a hurry to do it and there was a real race who will be

the first to launch a 3d printer and the first launch was unsuccessful, but they managed to do it because the rocket exploded. yes, yes, yes, here. but they are, because the printers refused. no. no, it's from a rocket. yes, but they didn’t make it to the next one, which means they ended up anyway first. yes, this is such a provocative question. why do we need a 3d bioprinter in space at all? very, but now they are looking for. what unique goods can be made in space, because, well, a completely different environment is expensive to fly and so on, uh, organ printing, just one of these areas, because well, let's take the heart, for example, and it is jelly in it very much air 3d printer. how does it work, it prints layer after layer, if it prints on the ground, uh, this layer then the cells will fall, and it will not print full organs, or you need to put some substrate, then somehow it is difficult to take it out, but in zero gravity such a problem. no, he can lay out cell after cell until such a hollow organ is folded and the heart is already quite capable. well, this is

now all a debatable story, because, and everyone is looking for, and in space, it is precisely some way to produce something important that life cannot be produced on earth, this is now the microelectronics of pharmaceutical biology. after space became more accessible, now a lot has rushed. uh, such experiments to install and everyone is waiting for such a blockbuster that it will be profitable to produce there and for this it is already possible to build industrial large stations. that is, it turns out that we are harmful to people in space, well, weightlessness yes, let's say it adversely affects the human body. we are looking at how to direct it the other way around, and the direction we are pasture from weightlessness, as far as i know, is really very much now, but there are a lot of questions in medicine. but this, uh, you probably know better, and at least there were various discussions. unfortunately, the materials for example, that a number of tumors in weightlessness behave differently, perhaps even respond better

to therapy, and so on. that is, everyone is looking for such an uh option to find, but a plus from weightlessness, and not a minus . or with such a new energy, such as energy based on electric vehicles there , and so on. that is what is now very rapidly developing. by the way, we have one of our projects connected. e with robots. uh, which are able to perform their work without special programming. it's a very cool story, because programming usually takes the most, uh, labor. it is very long and expensive. here , every movement of the robot is programmed, and such a robot, right under the drawing, can do everything and it turns out that it does. it's like a man in speed and better than a man in quality. that's just in space. i think such robots will find all applications, because there will now have to build a lot of objects. when do you think e will come, the moment when e will be created in space industrial structure, that is, we will

produce it on an industrial scale. do you know? and it seems to me that we are very close to this, but because space exploration has historically. in my opinion there were two problems. one problem is the ability to do something. that is, well, to put enough material into orbit to make something large and for a long time, it was expensive, but now there is a sharp reduction in price, and the cost of delivering cargo to orbit, that is, almost 10 times too happened and possibly 10 more times before the end of the decade. and, of course, this already greatly facilitates the ability to throw into the orbit, there are cargo, and people, and so on, but on the other hand, when we solve the problem of possibility , the problem of need arises. what to do in orbit? what is all this for? and before, this was such a problem, chickens and eggs, and the absence of the first led to the fact that the second did not develop, that is, it is still expensive. why experiment, but now that shipping is getting cheap, uh begins directly explosion, and attempts to do

different experiments. here are a lot of startups, including russian ones, they offer to create semi-autonomous laboratories that can be put into orbit, there, to experiment, return something to the ground and see what happens. for example, china they picked up one technology that we didn’t develop. chris was taken to orbit and their crop grew well here after that. therefore, it’s quite possible that what used to be such bold experiments will once become simple such here is a routine task there to use space. seven features for some technologies. here. eh, now it's hard to say when all these two trajectories will converge into one, because cheaper prices will require another 10 years or 15 years of work. but the search for cost-effective production in space will also take, probably, somewhere the same 10-15 years, so everyone looks at somewhere in the thirties-thirty-fifth year, as the year of such a big breakthrough, when it will already be clear how build a large orbital station and understandable. why build it? i drove

bring tomato seeds. uh-huh and uh, i was told that these tomatoes were still at mir station, they were scanned there for half a year or about a year. i exhibited for another half a year and it turned out that peeled tomatoes are much better. much more stable than those that are. the same seeds from the same family that were on the ground. yes, it’s great to turn our attention to our nearest celestial body, the moon, what do you think, we need in the exploration of the moon, you know, it seems to me that now it’s very important to talk about the moon and aspire to it, because and if before it was exclusively such some kind of political ambitious task. whoever sticks the first flag, there and so on, now it turns out that the moon is a key element in further space exploration. the fact is that, indeed, no matter how much we reduce the cost of launches from the ground. all the same, a huge amount of cargo is needed, but in space it is somehow to get it from somewhere, and the cargo is in

the simplest, for example, and water, for example, the same oxygen, and the same diverse metal. there is iron to the titans and so on and carry their land. it will still be expensive in space. all this is there, and everything is on the moon, but the launch of the moon is worth it, well, it is much cheaper there is already much less fuel. well, that is, a huge rocket takes off from the earth, and a small landing module takes off from the moon. there. e, there is 1/6 gravity, it seems that gravity is six times less and fuel is needed there, e.g., ten times less, that is, it is much easier to do it there, especially since lunar fuel. maybe the same water split oxygen into hydrogen. and here you have the engine e refueled and it turns out that the moon turns into a major infrastructure facility. there you can extract fuel, you can extract vital substances. you can mine metals, deliver all this to the orbit and because of this already assemble large structures. well, of course, there are complex electronics. some materials will need to be transported from the ground, but some supporting trusses, and some kind of shields protected

there so that meteors do not penetrate all this, you can transport the moon, you are talking about water, yes, which is on the moon, as far as i know, it has not been proven that she has water there, and on the moon a a, perhaps in two types, the first one is classic ice, and now there are a lot of experiments going on, including chinese american ones trying to find these ice deposits, primarily in polar craters, where the sun never looks, and there it is quite possible that ice has been preserved in original form. water is, in general, cosmic e, substance. he was even brought to earth by comets by and large, but this is a hypothesis. and what we know for sure is that in the lunar soil in the regalite, water is contained simply in the form, well, hydroxides and everything else, that is, it contained in the form of minerals. from these minerals. it is quite possible to extract it in russia, by the way, there is a wonderful laboratory in mrs., and which has learned to extract water from e, just here is regalite and

similar substances. right now, just around this, there is a race going on, that is, who will be the first to be able to get, and water from a religion, first of all , weightlessness, and secondly, without involving any earthly energy, that is, using either solar energy or some there is some electricity generated from solar panels. here is the first who will receive, consider that he got, uh, the opportunity to move on to the industrial production of water on the moon, that is, we began to talk about lunar bases. yes, what do you think, what problems will we face, well, i mean humanity during construction. well, we all know the problems. you know, better than me, of course, uh, other gravity and radiation are primarily there, and we are not protected by the atmosphere from very weakly protected by a magnetic field, that is, there are very harmful conditions. well, there are a lot of very specific problems on the moon. for example, this one the famous lunar dust, which has the ability to crawl absolutely everywhere a and it is

unlike our dust. a. she never weathered earthly dust. she is so smooth. well, the particles are smooth, but there everything is spicy. that is, when it sits down on the skin very hard, yes, that is, it is all very hostile. a pleasant date and how to survive there for a long time is not just for a person to fly there for a couple of days, then back. eh, how to catch my breath to cross myself, and that's it. everything is over. and how to fly there for a year even it's hard to spend a year in orbit, and on the moon there with everyone with problems. well, except that gravity will be much easier, so now everyone is discussing. how to build these space bases? well, one thought, you need to somehow dig deeper so that the rocks protect you from uh, they are looking for caves. yes, yes, yes, yes, a cave to make it easier. yes, absolutely exactly. but there are options, for example, with construction. i've seen such projects, including russian ones, here, but at samara university. uh, a project was made to 3d print building blocks

from religion. that is, they crushed. then they generally use it directly from what you take under your feet to make heat blocks. well, there you just need water, because you need to somehow hold the heat together. well, i don’t know the details and technology there, but i’m sure you will need water, and now, from them, to put together some kind of building houses and so on, then you need to build large fields of solar batteries. and how will they work there? the winds are good there no, but the dust still sometimes takes off, how it sits down, how to wash it a million technical very mundane issues, but as for sure in orbit the cosmonauts also solved not only scientific problems, but also a lot of everyday issues. i remember, for example, the task of physical activity in space itself. she, too, was not immediately solved, it took a long time to decide that an adequate load was not a problem, yes or to solve. how to decide? yes, yes, yes, that's why the moon, it's as good as a goal, but when you get to it, there are a million problems to arise, so it's a must to try it with your hands. why is this the question

that it is necessary to fly, be sure to put a base there. well, we’ll continue to solve problems as they arise, for example, when the base starts to be built, as it were, well, i hope that before the thirtieth year the base will be soldered literally. 7 years, well, technically , this is probably already now, that is, there are rockets that can reach the moon. uh, first base is like that. well, how to say a trial one, it can be quite similar in design to an orbital station, that is, from the same modules. well there it could be something cover cover. this is a technical issue. but already there, when such a base appears. now the experiments of building everything else and so on will begin. well, to build a base and then mine industrial production. uh. uh-huh resources that are just e in the bowels of the moon, other astronauts will be needed. not like i don't know astronaut geologist. yes , an astronaut, a driller, an astronaut who manages a robotic system that will process and send this

, i don’t know at all, probably a new center preparation. astronauts are needed specifically for that. well, i think that all the same, the main thing for astronauts is not an earthly profession, but the space profession, that is, the ability to survive stress, the ability to find solutions to any problem. it seems to me that the main thing in an astronaut. so, as for the basic specialties, you need to prepare there already. e people who understand the dialogue? well , you absolutely rightly noticed that the main thing, perhaps, the competence will be the ability to work with robots. they are progressing incredibly fast. that is, i'm like a person, investing in robots, i can say that there is phenomenal progress, that is, robots are becoming very smart, but literally, that is, the news of the last month is that a robot already communicates with people in such a way that people simply don’t understand who they communicate with, and hmm they become the same smart engineering challenges. that is, they can solve a lot of issues. there is no need to program on the spot. he'll figure it out quite well. what to do?

so i think that by the time we get our space technology up to the ability to build a base on the moon, then the robots that will eat there themselves drill themselves. there will be no problems at all cosmos - it ’s like, they say, astronauts, a separate culture and even a culture of thinking, so you need to somehow move in this direction too, but move, because if before it was all theory and reasoning about the distant future in galaxies far, far away. that is, now these are already business plans. that is, now if you want to have in the thirtieth year, uh, at least part of the frontal base on the moon, you already right now you need to go through yesterday, for example, yes, yes, already invest. yes, yes, well, as an example, and now it is developing very rapidly. the whole energy revolution, one of its elements is hydrogen cells, that is, hydrogen hydrogen, like fuel, hydrogen cells there for cars for some kind of chemistry , and so on for all these industrial ones. uh, products need dresses, and platinum on earth

is very limited. we all know it because it will be dear because it is not enough, but i don’t know platinum there, let’s say 10 times more if current. the market to apply such a demand for its value flies up to 10 times up and the economy will never converge, but last year the first experiment was undertaken. i don't really know the results yet, because i think the launch has been delayed. it will probably happen this year, but at first they tried to try to extract platinum because of the building material. this is what the americans want to do. uh, the experiment is it will work out, then uh-flights are tuned to the moon for uh, rare substances will become the norm. and at us, in general, a very interesting object from the point of view of geology, various asteroids fell into it. and when an asteroid hits. he just scatters all the substances there. well, they are literally digging their nipples there, a little bit deep there for a meter. and so i lived. went and now the main thing is the main question, as soon as possible explore because the same

law is there. hmm who was the first to fly from that place of birth. by the way, this will be a separate interesting question. someone will find a deposit, a station will be set up, someone will fly in and set up nearby. nothing is right the corporation together, but it doesn’t forbid, is directly very interesting. it just sort of regulates. well. as i understand it, dagestanis love pure truthful real tasty straight. today they brought you a beautiful can, on this chef's knife there is a spacer. we have a mammoth tooth here. this place is like that. directly colorful we have the most powerful vodka. well, first of all, i need to drink it so that the eggplants and peppers come up without being shy. we eat cooks on wheels on sunday at pervy pentalgin is the

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necessary? we can already tried everything. well, it doesn't work. we are fine if she herself is not gives birth, then what is the happiness of motherhood, what kind of mother is she? you can't even imagine those options. we have chosen you. she really will live the first child. maybe not give it back, how can i say? i'm not used to the fence, i'll have to get used to it. quiet, quiet, i have a murder on my table, why do i need your stories, i need evidence. and i don't have them. and it looks like you. do you even know who my father is? this, maybe you were specially sent here for your father spying on you wiretapping decided that now i'm afraid to run away. all subscribe me

i didn't want to, i really didn't want a multi-part film from january 22, on sundays, a japanese billionaire flew to me for 12 days at first ko, and he said that he had already paid for the ticket. in the first crew to fly, he treated space tourism as a frivolous pastime. well, like, some billionaires spend money, but lately my position is starting to change. first, as the industry develops. a rather significant price reduction is planned there, that is, if we talk about today, about the end of the decade there. that in

in principle, it will be, of course, a very, very expensive type of tourism. well, for us for ordinary people, but it will be comparable to the expensive types of tourism on earth. that's why space tourism is becoming available, the second, which is very encouraging to me, is that there is quite a lot of work to find medical uh, uh expediency for being in zero gravity or in conditions of reduced gravity. so far, everyone is looking at the cosmos as risks. well, that is, here is radiation, low gravity degradation is not for a person, as a dangerous environment yes, we speak openly. yes, but, uh, now they are looking for some reasons to still hang out in this environment. you probably know there was a completely famous experiment. vince american. yes, the twins were not launched, and one twin spent 7 days in orbit, and the other spent, in my opinion, 450 years. yes, yes, yes, yes, yes, you know. so, uh, then

they compared the length of the telomere telomere - these are the terminal sections of dna that are responsible for its ability to divide without errors, and as cells divide in our body, these sections are shortened and when it becomes very short, the cell stops dividing. uh, aging and dying, and it turned out that an astronaut was flying in orbit. uh, these telomeres are longer than those of someone who flies, and telomere lengthening is one of the proven ways to extend life, health, and so on , it is clear that, probably, the dangers of flying into space, for now, greatly outweigh these benefits, but who knows , and at least before it was such rather exotic entertainment. and now quite a lot of experiments. that is, now we need to you need to study the mouse to the iss. but quite a few companies are now making semi-autonomous modules. you launched this mouse. she chatted there for a week, went down to you. yes, yes or where and looked what happened to her

there, that is, with a sharp increase in the availability of space. i hope that a lot of new medical reasons will appear . and now, if the cosmos turns into a therapeutic justified procedure, then it will be a completely different conversation, but i can say for myself, i have pressure as if. e normal on earth, sometimes 130 140. that is, this is such a call to my doctors. they follow everything there clearly. but in space, for half a year, this is always how an astronaut should have 120. i can say that for sure, it's great. this is great news. here is for us cosmonauts e. the moon is presented as such a platform in order to work out our landing systems, well, let's say landing, in fact, our goal now is not the moon. astronauts, our goal is mars so that a person can land there to work some samples and come back. well, everything, just as historically it was difficult in your opinion, what awaits us next after the moon mars in general,

do you know if mars is needed? this is a very interesting question, to which there is no single answer, and it is constantly changing this answer. in fact. i understood the history of space financing. this is a very important question, no, no money and no flights. yes, yes, and, well, mars at one time played a little evil service, because, as it were, when they began to talk about mars, a lot of questions began to arise. and why should we mars and at that time there were no answers. that is , the americans flew to the moon. they were late for courage, and they were the first to fly into space. they had to somehow prove, yes, and they spent a lot of money, the most expensive, scientific program in the history of mankind, in order to be the first to fly to the moon with courage, and so, when they flew first and their own accountants there, the senators started there. well , the boys have given out. so what is next. why did you get march? from there? yes, by the way, they had more flights planned by these apolos,

that is. there there is not in the eighteenth or there 17, yes, but there were much more and they really stopped, because the money ran out further. and what to do next again to put up again to strike already jumped and rode the rover indeed, this is a historical fact, and now the question arose. why in mars and me this question had no answers, because the answer was. well here's a classic that humanity needs to push the boundaries of what is achievable. yes, we are enough that mars is simply the closest planet. maybe there is nothing interesting in it. well, after that we can move further in the solar system. well , sometime, and when some claire is sitting , some ministry of finance, he watches it. that's what he says, well, guys, i understand everything, you want the numbers, but we don't have money and starts with a conversation. why did i come across only accountants, but also, you know, with such political activists who, for example, say, why are you spending money on this? and we have people getting sick here. we have a climate here, that is, you will always find water is not enough. we have on earth. eh, there is. uh, a bunch of things to spend yours on. billions of dollars and therefore, for a very long

time, mars just played a bad role for astronautics, because he did not explain in any way. why are we spending this money, then musk appeared, he came up with a completely crazy idea. he said, so know the land. you can ditch, but on mars humanity will survive, and oddly enough, it's u open thicker, because as we see people, for example, with the climate. they can mess up a little with the same, and therefore disk yes, ecology, yes, therefore, to screw up from the planet and, as it turns out, you can, and even then human life will be cut short, people will disappear, as a species it is necessary to have some kind of alternate airfields. and here on this crazy idea suddenly drove as well, because somehow people really thought about the truth. why not? let's get some pennies, well, we 'll spend some billion dollars there. but we will have an alternate airfield, and therefore i can say that if we take pure economic models, i still look at this problem

not so much as a romantic, only as a financier, yes, in terms of money, mars is not very good yet needed for there is almost nothing on mars that is not on the earth, the moon or asteroids, but plus, there is still more gravity than on the moon, that is, you need to get fuel from there, so, by the way, the environment is aggressive there, and they are always aggressive. yes, there are no radiation belts there, er, there, in my opinion, there is almost more radiation than the moon. that is, there, as it were, not a very good place, it turns out that mars is still in question. but the moon, on the contrary, immediately acquired many advantages, because , firstly, it is closer, and secondly, they there is everything we need. and thirdly, if we really want to fly to mars, then let's not launch eight or six launches from the earth there. older in order to deliver the required amount of fuel to the orbit in order to fly to mars and let's deliver the same amount from the moon in one launch, and instead of six launches in two one in the earth, you will have one lunar one. and now you are already on mars

, the economy immediately suddenly acquires. e meaning, and therefore in my personal kind of radmap. i think we'll start first explore the moon and near-earth asteroids, because they are from the point of view. here are the extraction of resources, of course, very sugar. but mars is more likely in my understanding. it is still further, that is, mars i think is needed as an intermediate point in order to fly even longer, because here are really interesting from the point of view of science and possible some other stories, for example, lunar jupiters, because there there is possibly life in the underwater oceans. there is very interesting geology. there is something completely different, but environment in general in the world is now beginning to emerge like this. the concept that we are building, as it were , in order to develop the oceans, it is necessary to build ports in order to develop the land. it is necessary to build railways, that is, you need to create an infrastructure, and then, when you have

a railway, then you can already mine there, what you need to build before the city, whatever. and no, the railway, all logistics. yes , that’s why everyone is now looking at space as a logistics platform in this sense, the moon is like a port where substances. you need to hang all sorts of stations too at the point or vibration. there, in different orbits, so that they exchange substances with each other there, there, and so on , pull up asteroids, that is, this already applies to such, as it were, a large construction site. i also take a pragmatic approach. the economy is already there. in the same place it is possible to count there there a billion here billions. this is starting to get people interested. seriously. let's fantasize. yeah, 60 years ago, we launched the first man into space 50 years, go ahead. how do you see a person in space in general? here i am. to such a cosmic optimist, that is, i am sure that over the next 20 years, the basic infrastructure of the earth moon asteroids will be built. mars

is probably still the next 20 years, but if we talk about 50 years, i think that on the scale of the solar system, humanity will become a cosmic species. that is, as it is now called, that is, we will learn there. well, if you don’t live, then spend enough time there, jobs will appear there, rest houses will appear there and everything else, in principle, once again, this does not bother us to do now, apart from the economy. that is, we have not yet learned how to make money in space . but we are now very actively learning this. the americans in this sense are very people, and how can i say, they are straightforward and a very important element of the show for them, uh, how would they always understand that, uh, for something to be, and it must be attractive very beautifully. and so they came up with this beauty, uh, published a report. and i was so indirectly indirectly related to this, therefore they know this story, and the report on the cost of asteroids in a large asteroid belt and and so that everyone is

just finally there all these sheikhs there are chinese and billionaires of american episodes to finally dispossess the kulaks, they hung up such a figure that the cost of a common asteroid belt. this is approximately 10,000,000 dollars. and how can i simplify it a little now, but only one is astroyating the psyche, which is supposedly a fragment of the planet's core, and therefore it consists of the same metals, including platinum and gold. here it is worth 10 quadrillion dollars, and a quadrillion is a trillion billion. that there is so much, it’s enough to catch it and that’s it, just fly to pick it up a little, and everything is already richer than anyone on earth. and naturally. this is nothing more than such a myth, but it is already something practical. that is, if such a stone dangles in space, it really dangles, which costs more than the whole earth. well, or at least all economies, then this

is already a business. at least i know, for sure, that since the publication of this report in the bang america morgensteil, the number of investors in space has dramatically increased. increased, and including from non- american ones such are the classic funds that belonged to space, i wonder if there are any other arabs there, that is, there is only a lot of money and they are thinking where to spend it, and you know there is a lot of such old money in the world who need big projects, that is, here is some sheikh who has 80 billion on his account there. and here he is 80 billion, but where can he place them on the stock exchange, but this is too much. warps then he wants something interesting that is in front of other sheikhs brag, and there are hundreds of such investors in the world. for example, in america they calculated that out of fifty billion from the top list, 15 were invested in space. therefore, all these stories, they look funny with such enticements, but they really, but really rocked this story. but i

have another such tale on this subject. i love her very much. here. how do you think? and i don’t know what product brought from america after its colonization by europeans most of all influenced, uh, history. they usually answer that silver well, because when spain was looking for silver, it became the richest country in europe. no, there was a gold rush. there, well, silver in absolute quantities, they carried more gold. it didn’t turn out that way, but in fact, uh, spain didn’t get much use from this silver . she was two centuries old. there are three of the richest countries in europe and then, when the silver ended, and the bang took shape like a house of cards, and the most uh, the product that influenced the history was her potatoes, when they brought them they didn’t understand at all what was wrong with her to do, because they thought that, probably, they should eat what grew from above, but about courage, instead of in russia, when peter the story

was just like that, they planted her and fed her and on the stern, like food for pigs, and thought that, well, this kind of useless. well, such a moderately useful plant for pigs to paint flowers. yes, flowers. yes, so far, then, not the dutch, they have not learned from the first. here. there are tubers that peter tried to infect, or rather, it was not the dutch who first learned the germans, there was the thirty years' war and there was a terrible famine. died there in my opinion, a quarter of the population of germany from war and famine, and they began to take away food from pigs, and they suddenly saw that the tubers were delicious. why when you come to germany they have classic salads? yes, because for them potatoes yes, potatoes are what saved them and made germany the most rapidly developing nation in terms of the number of people, that is, in terms of growth rates, germany grew exponentially and here are the potatoes, she gave. here is an influx of uh, calories into european food.

after that, europe became an explosive image of russia in terms of the number of beginnings to settle on all continents created economic growth and so on. that is, why is it that we do not always know. why are we going, that is, the spaniards went to america for gold. and most of all, the history was influenced by potatoes, which were brought by accident, so we do not know that in space we think that there is gold there. well, even now we don’t know, we know that there is gold and there we don’t know nickel maybe there is something there that we don’t know, but what will affect our history, since potatoes, this one we don’t we know, on this positive and good note. i propose to end our conversation today. i am convinced that we have something else to talk about, and we will do it together in the future. thank you for coming and telling a lot of interesting things even to me, a person who works in the space industry, it was very interesting to talk with you. thank you

my voice is like water flowing through the wires. and you answer to go into you, and then i can, as always. reach for the sun reach for the

sky let's go where you haven't been and we won't come back. we are starting our next episode of the podcast paws on channel one. we have charming girls visiting us today - this is a mono singer. hello project exproject monokini now a singer mono is a singer who

wrote a bunch of dance hits and not only the main one, of which of course is reach for the sun, but i like the wind more. it's all thanks to maxim fadeev maxim fadeev wrote this case. who is writing to you now? well, my main hits are thanks to maxim reach out to the sun, the wind is ticking and many others, oh , very, very much. yes, the wind, just too gorgeous. by the way, until now, when some of these national teams are such concerts of the nineties and two thousandths. you're just the audience is going crazy. i take pleasure in reaching out for the sun wind. i sing for the audience, she goes crazy on stage. that's what is valuable for an artist. she 's like this all on stage, it's not. you showed it wrong. here's one on stage. here's how you showed it. these

boys are her backup dancers. no. you know that they could, they show you that they love you, you understand in the fire they are around like this, they will do everything, but in fact it is theirs job. it’s just that they are like that, but sincerely in my heart , if sasha and i danced you, we would sincerely do it, you know, the ending is needed, of course, so hold this style, hold this. you know how, like, by the way, by the way, by the way, konstantin aleksandrovich call me, we continue our program. yes, he wants dance hits, not only hits, the main of which was one of the compositions that will be performed later . also visiting us. pauline rostov's most powerful hit on the edge of the rain there, in my opinion, was used almost for the first time.

this is after the singer's song became popular with us. this one and here you give out autotune in the song on the edge of the rain. it's just there, but listened to the effects all night, true, she sing please, you can write on the edge of the rain, just leave, forgetting you. i remembered my youth. i remember this song, i just listened to it back then, there were cassettes, yes, for now. i succeed, it's pebbles. just go away forget you stand by the night of the day. i have a straight

child who also listened to this song. i really i like it, what polina rostova has become now, in a sense, these are two different singers completely what was then as an artist, yes, then there was e on the edge of the rain with autoetin , now there is more than your real voice and the song out of time is nowhere. it 's great when you go upstairs, straight up. wow. very cool, because, well, when an artist starts writing songs on his own in a different way, and then you were a project. they wrote for me, dmitry moss and anatoly lopatin, but years have passed and now i write in tandem with my husband, my husband writes my text and i write music for your songs. and when an artist writes songs for himself, he feels them differently, he lives them differently. he just creates them. and this, of course, is different, because no one can feel me better than me and my closest person. and that

's why they are probably even different. i felt that it was my husband who was writing the text. do you know why you feel handwriting? no, i understand, uh, how a man thinks, when he writes the texts of a woman there, you understand everything about the fact that you are my only one. i will die without you. eh, and me without all of you, you know. that's it. it 's like he wants to hear it himself, but the fact is that m-m in these songs that my husband and i wrote together, and many stories that i lived when you are in a past relationship are sewn up, how would we think about what you write song? i say, listen, i had such a story. well, well, well, well, as it were, yes, why there, that's why i suffered? why did it end there? and why did i feel offended there or lonely there? well, in short, yes, and he composes the lyrics and then the song appears, well, something like that, we have had this many times, but no one knows. doesn't know what song about whom, because your offended, probably, in general, that is, they all run almost all the photos. yes, i forgot to introduce

my good one. uh, this informational shame of the fatherland. who he just wasn't. he was a sailor, even alexander anatolyevich antivirus, but the man who invented the news block. well, i didn't come up with, uh, informational musical, uh, message broadcasting, but i've been doing this for a very long time. yes, on this one. here by the way, yes, our podcast is called 20 years later, and therefore today we are talking about 2001 , when we went with sasha from the first channel to comment on eurovision in copenhagen, where mumiy troll performed with the song lady alpen blue, cool songs they were a little sued there , in our opinion, the duet won from estonia and i called him an afriston politically correct. naturally. well, it seemed to everyone. that's funny. we heard homeric laughter in the headphones. we had a connection with the studio and somehow everything

rolled. i added a little bit we were told guys. here you are radio maximum, here's how you do it on the air and you do mtv, do your story. you two will do just fine. here with this here, but the approach. well, as you say , they gave us the green light. we behaved very well. it was very pleasant what they said, well, you are generally kt makharadze and nikolai ozerov, which of us, who is kotemakharadze, who is nicolizer? i don't know, but this is the highest award in sports commentary. and when we made these comments, and from copenhagen i must say that i did everything from memory, while konstantin alexandrovich had a magic device, which was called a lapham, and he quickly got some information from there, we grinded it, and we did it all in the shortest connections. as

live as possible, and that's probably okay. it's the other way around, it's the only way it should be, and then they told us, did you even hear it yourself? this well, i was caught thinking that, please, i can not quote. yes, and that i will quote myself, the bones will help, and he may remember something somewhere, but when i looked post, i thought so too. uh okay, since everyone liked it, okay? it was bold, you already started on your own, we only on your own information was official, but we processed it on our own there and we persuaded the public to get sick. everyone told me. that's around in your ear will win your exactly on them they were snapped up every evening. they were jimming. every time at the saucek, every time at the rehearsal, everyone said that they would win as a result, which is the twelfth and i finally realized that eurovision is, well, completely politics for them. they turned up the sound a lot.

right at the show. it's generally unpredictable. all. i believe that our talents we had a banquet. we spoke with the woman who organizes all this. yes, and we were with her at the banquet. she smiled enigmatically at me. who wins show how she smiled. it's a mystery. you know, like, it's a big secret, but in fact the most interesting. the most interesting thing in copenhagen didn’t happen exactly on the auto-party, when everything was over and in the evening all the musicians who lived in the same hotel met, and down the stage, there was such a little scene, and there in uh free access to tools. there are so many mumiy mumiy troll well, that's all, let's go. everything passed , i remember what happened on mtv in 2003. and now we have already gone to eurovision in the third year tattoo tattoo noise was a lot, of course. uh huh not then the drinks were good. what is the

third place, that's all, and quite predictably, they were directly sure that they would win in t-shirts on the norms one came out differently. they would go in. there was an inscription, of course, if we had yes, they were purposefully aimed at victory, i think that mr. shapovalov was more directed than they? well, he, i see. they just got high, because, but they don’t represent the country, this is a high. yes, i told you, yes, that i recently found out that shapovalov turns out to be a child psychologist. this is the first and main one. yes, this is the main secret of the group. i think, after, of course, the melodies and vocals, i clearly advertised this here, uh, do not hide or advertise. well, there are a few nuances, i talked a lot about this. you just don't follow the creativity. uh, by the way, yulia and i are very close friends, right, very strongly, until now

we communicate. our children are very friendly. she 's great. yulia hello. yumi-chu is a good person. she is so kind. she is so open. here, we communicate with her like a family, and our children are very friendly and hmm in the sense that she does not have any star fever, not so long ago i even played the producer of the tatu group in a feature film. but it doesn't matter if we skip it, but i have a direct relationship with this group. true well, something like that personally. or maybe in the end, when the tatu group appeared on mtv a little earlier than that performances at eurovision it was still a sensation. they're here, how long they've been it was an association. this is the hottest period, when mr. shapovalov led them by the hand, not because he was a child psychologist. and because he was brilliantly able to tell me at

what age you came into show business. eh, what year was it? i was only 19 years old. maxim fadeev just called me from volgograd they called me. i was like this with a towel on my head. and they called me and said it was urgent. we heard this famous story in karaoke, i sent it. la imagine demos and your printed photos to moscow yes. call and so, uh, i left everything and went teleporting. well, by train, yes. so, i came and went to his studio, and he told me yes. you are the same as in the photo everything is now monokini, he came up with the name. yes, yes bikini, it's two

pieces. yes, why have you never performed in monokini? i looked for all your clips looked after. ah. i feel uncomfortable for konstantin alexandrovich, many began to get acquainted with creativity, because and then there was music. yes, i saw the clips, and then i saw more of your performances already 10 years later, there, at some discotheques of the nineties , physical images are supported. and fun, because you can't buy fan loyalty. i understood, of course, i already hinted that you were heard in karaoke, that’s how it was. that’s the same bridge or tolya. well, for me then it was just two men who are adults, i’m an 18-year-old girl. uh, i was walking along the arbat where there is karaoke there, some kind of regular microphone was advertised with these buttons. well, in general,

in short, this is this thing, this thing, yes, which now seems to be just dinosaurs, just so lisping. in general , it doesn't matter. i managed to titanic and my soul unfolded. well, in general, they apparently liked us, but they came up and said, girl, you sing great. and here we are doing music and seriously, that is, we do not just listen to it there, but we create it, as if we are working. hmm uh, let's do something together. i think so i don't know. well, in short, here, of course, i was still such a teenager, you know, now teenagers. well, back then it was basically, they left me. which i just, well, i put in my pocket. i didn't react. you could say it's been a few months. before i called, because i just found her and remembered when i arrived at the studio already, as if after the call. yes indeed they gave you the address of the studio. i arrived, they say, well, come on, sing something to us. well, i'm celine dion again there rekerri. well, that there will be no hel, or what? yes, it's all great. but where are you in this? i hear

how the chip in the voice is recognizable, but there must be something like that. let's write a song, try it, and you'll try it, sing it. we 'll see what happens, because otherwise it's useless to start the project. you can sing covers as cool as you like, like, well, a version of yes, famous songs, but where in this you do n’t understand, you need an artist with something of your own, and so appeared on the edge of the rain, they wrote, for now. i'm the rain i was invited to the studio, and we recorded it. it was my first job at a studio so real i was completely delighted. and to this day - this is the most favorite part of my profession. i love the most teach your students. and work in the studio on the song. it's just yes, i love it. by the way, i have a similar story, we sit on the clouds. i, too, when i came to max fadeev directly to the studio and the song was already written, we sit on the clouds. he was just looking for a vocalist. and when he sang to me, all the ideas are on the clouds, and he says, repeat this uh, that is, and i sang the way he showed me and says everything and says, the soloist is a manakine.

here, yes. that's it for this phrase. well, this is the first one, i think. yes, this is my first song. your first video, and now we are their answer. universe sofa. i know you nafig, antonar was. i don't remember the words, super wow is closer now, to be honest, for many years it sounded beautifully beautifully sad everywhere. no, i couldn't stand her because she's on the radio. i then worked for hit fm and there were programs on demand and you always pick up the phone. there is already someone there and every second song was mine from the wagon and everyone said, put the titanic tired. well, she is beautiful and celine diodes the songs of the film, but even the most delicious 18 once an hour is too much. look

, well, it's. it's work. our sasha people well? at we now have instead. i already had it. remember what a great song we have maturity now. come on, now listen, i listened to you, girls, what is polina, what is mono? i realized that now there is nothing to cling to. okay, now already. well, what do you do? wait, yes, this is normal. in 2003, 2003, by the way, about and like this, yes, but it was clearer than now. and 2003

went album album album. now i listen now, well, firstly, they accepted everyone as legends, but now they adore and remember pleasure. in 2003, there was a factory, which you sang together, it was still like that. you know, compared to you, you are so, and so experienced on stage. and yulechka was such a little child, amazing. yes, she did not feel very confident, but she is amazing, someone could not cope. and this year, everyone saw it for the first time. olim, then

give the method of course, yes, it was actually glucose. and sasha, it hurt me too, and when i saw, when natasha came out, that there was a bunch of the bride at first, they did. they generally entertainers on the first i don’t remember directly, this is a performance. yes, yes, there was, in my opinion, temnikova, uh, someone else was gagarin yes, they all went out in bridesmaid costumes and the audience was like that, when did she pull out no no and what are these emotions? what is who, who is who, do you understand? this, of course, was waiting for the face, yes, it looks like she goes out in glasses with absolutely no veil. me first thought. well, no, not her, why em i was right. and i immediately

looked and thought, this is the same girl who starred in yeralash as a child. yes, she was her childhood, but borya-gorodchevsky found behind-the-scenes things. you can't talk about it. natasha and i were very close friends at that moment. that's when they started yes, yes, yes, and she was very worried before this performance. and when max announced to her that you would be in the olympic max, i didn’t get tanned. i say, i don’t know what to wear. and i say, i looked at her, and i dived like that , she says, she says, i didn’t burn out, but stunned, people serve the legend that there was nothing for glucose to act in, so the cartoons made it, but she just got ready specifically for this show. if something there was not some kind of defect. everything for her. it was she very much approached

responsibly. here. and max appreciated it too, and she, of course, delivered the myth of such people dignity for the first time in her life as a girl. yes, yes, she came out before she was so full of olympic before she was given 17 years was very scary. i think maybe that's why anatolyevich has just expressed a hypothesis that has the right to exist. maybe that's why, well, initially she always sang in glucose, natasha ivanova, but the fact is that she was always embarrassed to go out, that you, max, say that you are going to perform. she says oh no, max i pulled my leg further today. oh, no, i didn't tan maxi. oh no, max, i have some fat in there, and max is like that. yes, damn it, shoot a cartoon. okay, and here, and therefore they shot a cartoon. she's a legend that she could n't get out all the time, you know? and then max says, everything will go. i didn’t tan, it ’s going to be silent, some new one. it was just a riddle. no one was afraid of inventing anything, and

then he was already casting to find this girl with the right voice. yes, i do not tell you when appeared. ha-ha, aha when they appeared, i'll tell you. now you understand hiding behind technology is not on purpose, and so for intrigue. yes, at about the same time, and, in my opinion, at first glucose appeared, then the smoke burned on abram looked at how cool it was to do in a group he came looked looked and thinks op, i need to come home to do the same, yes, then manga you appeared as an expert on these blockbusters, because there are clips, like what kind, in the same place kroshilovye chopped, in the same place mochilovy and crushed. it's all there, oh yes, yes. we have a difficult task because of the corpse that you

all found on the ears. maybe it's time for you to get someone a translator. sounds like calling an ambulance. you saw again, following the prompts of a dream, you really have nothing to apologize for. i understand everything, you leave me. i want to be alone. if someone set you up, and i'll find out soon, it will go with you. i just can’t understand how you are serious about all this, and here and there the premiere of a multi-part film will soon be on the first thing you did in airport? gin is the number one remedy against

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to be second when you scored the same points as the champions when only a few tenths separated you from the main title of the season, when you did everything you could and even more you really want to take. revenge challenge the champion to assemble a real dream team and prove who really should be the first passions go wild. the confrontation of the best skaters of the country is given over the edge, reaching a new level tinkoff channel one cup live broadcasts over the weekend on first listen and mochilova drobilova, we also had such urine on channel one, which was called the last

hero. what are you? yes, ha ha ha, we had little participation. yes, there were also two teams - a team of stars and a team of heroes who survived last time was a team of beginners. brand new and experienced manufacturers, and you were in the team of stars or there were stars. i had a choice. i arrived a little later and i had the choice to go to this team, or to this one, and i went to the rookie team, because, apparently, they needed help. i think, perhaps, an extra person will be useful to them. actually, it turned out that i was very useful to them. hmm, what exactly were you. well, first of all, uh, well, i was one of the strong players it turned out, both in competitions and in life strength, brother, my strength, endurance. yes , the sturdy construction is serious, that is, she has lost a lot of weight, but nonetheless. yes , my strength was useful to the guys at the competition, so

they started what needed to be done during this, do it there. stick there you survive it was physically and physically difficult to survive, that is, without food, you had to go through many tests. i went there, probably, like in resorts, like. well, okay, maybe there is a tin, of course, i knew, but due to my inexperience, when they asked me what you want to take to the island. i'm going to be laughing now, no flint and lighter for tweezers about this is important. this is because no, because i was worried that there would be hair somewhere, you understand? yes? like this. and when i arrived some tweezers, that is,

we survived there to the fullest. that is, in order to the fire was not extinguished. it is necessary to constantly support it at night and during the day, that is, i did not sleep at night and watched this fire. how interesting to revisit. at least he did not say in the book of the struggle, someone could not stand it, someone left earlier. someone hmm surrendered surrendered and said that there are really just people with some it was and it was. yes, but the girls were stronger for some reason. so they are capable. no, you have adapted even to the dentist. we yell. louder. it's not me, you yell. yelling tooth foal not yelling, but he is a boy. by the way, i'm on the e on this game zhanna friske made friends before that, i'm done.

yes, yes, a real person became friends with himself when he united united tribes. yes, zhanka and i became very good friends, and she turned out to be a very good person. that's how you told about yulia volkova, that's the same real star. they are without a star, what is called a real star, they do not show off. they are very open as much as possible, as simple as possible, as kind as possible, and this was the genre i absolutely agree with. in general, they were together all the time. and even then she noticed me removed by agreement. oh, intrigues, yes, i don’t know myself, that is, there were several male voices against me, they were talking. yes, apparently, i was, yes, a strong player and the genre noticed that i was removed for a reason. hmm that is, she is a fair person,

names are always fair. you no longer communicate data who it was we should know. no, of course, of course, yes. well, it's all a game. this is all clear rubles for a minute. you know, it means someone was stronger. in intrigues i am very much, i almost reached the end of the game. here i got a huge buzz. and i i am grateful to max and grateful to god that i got into this game at all, and to this island and that i got such an experience. and where this geographically took place is the panama islands. we didn’t go very far very far, there is not the emperor of panama. well, almost, but i don’t know.

the film crew probably guarded this from everyone, because we were looking for mango all the time and could not find it on this island. we didn't have any food at all. i don't know, we had only limes to give you anything. the girls didn't give us anything. no, i can’t, here on our island only limes grew instead of apples, they ate them. you will not believe, that is, we have nothing, it was quite impossible. more than 40 days, and i arrived there, i left, i weighed 43 kg, oh, i see everything, why is there no such project now? i need to lose 10 kg. here is your diet. first channel. let's resurrect. tu-tu-tu-tu lose weight, then lime lime lime, lime lime and nothing else for a long time. yeah , when we pick it up, we'll see. i would fit into it, probably, i would probably whine

would, uh, i would probably be the weakest link, but still, i would probably write very hard in the sense that you still need to participate in the competition. wait to build something. just wait and sleep and nothing to hang. yes, damn it, it’s possible for yourself, it turns out, this is the most so that he doesn’t break anything. about everything, and the fire was for what , in order to warm up, or the shells cooked them, and they burned it, that was it. that's what it 's called on wolves on a wok. yes, useful, here we were warming ourselves about the fire, a real show on survival. let's remember that it was still 2003. i don't remember. in what year did these britney spears appear? christina guiliera, who

always went there by that time, released powerful hits, generally divided there into those who like britney spears and those who are ahead of britney in those years already there, in general, i liked both, but for me aguilera was somewhere in general on the throne was somewhere. well, cool, but where did she treat me, that christina of love loved here, well, in general, she danced, in short, yes, yes, but i was talking about vocals, you know, i'm all, as if i love with my ears about love. listen, the fact is that they both introduced the tan trend in 2003, in my opinion, there was also one friend behind the naked. i'm going to add 50% right now, but justin timberlake was there. a and basically, they came. that's it . disney club invasion, that's all. it 's all a student. this is how not passive

grew up and won the value of seryozha lazarev and by the way, smashes were shot about fidgets in the same year. well, yes, powerful with the song belle in french the clip is chic there japanese women. there, too, they notice a katana. no , they were there, they were driving cameras with robots with these things, very technologically advanced clips, it was simply chic. unfortunately, here. they are one song and that's it, no, it wasn't. that they planned to do something. in short, they also had songs that are known to be good. well , of course, lazarev drank. no, yes, that is, well, of course, this was the most important thing. it's funny how the girls have their emotions. now they are retelling how it was then, they probably behaved like this in the hall. was a song. i was there for three competitive

days, there were three songs. e, means a hit of the country of his e hit of the world and his own song. well , as if the author's, well, in the sense that no one had ever heard, and i sang. i fall into the sky a very high note song and i had problems with my voice there. there was very high humidity in the evening rose. i have a hard time remembering it all. it was really hard for me to do this. eh, i experienced a very strong wave. well, in general, in short, yes, there i met seryozha and vladik, who, like since the smash group no one has driven them. and so they win and become superstars. class. damn you now i hear. no problem with voice. we want to hear how you sing? yes, i'm happy to. don't

hide, please. if you are deceived, you won’t wait and you won’t pay extra, you distinguish so you won’t hide, you won’t wait, you’ll cry somewhere, you won’t wait. no, if you cry, you reach

out to meet you so you can’t hide. believe me, you boast so, the sky will wait for me, you will cry, you will meet, you will not hide, you will get off. i 'll wait don't wait.