trochniks, it means that he translated the wonderful e poet umberto sabu from tryastinsky and i made him a line-by-line of two poems, and then i wrote to zabolotsky’s daughter, who lives natasha, who lives in america, i wrote her a mail told about this presentation. she was very pleased, and i was friends with his son nikolai alekseevich nikita , nikita nikolayevich published it thanks. nikita zabolotsky. at one time, it means that he was the only one of e, perhaps the most published of the departed poets, a well-deserved honor, because we will talk a lot about this speak nicholas one of the brilliant poets and also associated with italian poetry. emba sounded today and evgeny solonovich. well, uh, we are finishing this export to italy and getting to know the poetry

of many italian poets and the originality of evgeny solonovich, and i thank evgeny mikhailovich from the bottom of my heart for visiting our podcast. thank you. all the best is a slogan that we would repeat every time at the end of our meeting. let them talk, let them read, read with pleasure. hello, i'm pilot cosmonaut anton shkappers is a space history podcast, away. today i have vyacheslav avdeev, a scientist physicist, an employee of the ostrokosmossky center of the fian. yes, at the russian academy of sciences there is a very big popularizer of astronomy , so today, of course, we will talk about

space from the point of view of astronomy and astrophysics. first i have a question. please. tell us what are you doing? what is your work my scientific field is the study of space masers. there is a good word. we have lasers, everyone knows that well, you can imagine a laser, it turns out we have, if this laser shines we don’t see light, and in the radio range, then the sources of such a radio laser, that is, laser radiation, are called. these are the areas where stars are born, young stars, when they are born , conditions arise that they begin to shine with these radio lasers, or vice versa, very old stars, when a star with a giant is a supergiant. she sheds the shell and begins to shine too. well, the third option is the neighborhood of supermassive black holes, in the cores of other galaxies. and these same masers - they interesting not only because here is a strange thing glowing, you have to look. what is it? why and because we

understand it by examining it. what kind of conditions are there near black holes in shells, dying stars. we can restore them and understand what's going on in the laboratory, it's hard to get in some places, because of the density. if too low, there are many other problems. and here is the cosmos for you. naturally, the laboratory. watch it happen montana watch it, like, uh, radio telescopes because it's microwave radiation, that is, radio, which means that there needs to be radio telescopes, or even more likely a ground-based network of radio telescopes, because now one like a telescope will not surprise anyone. now all the telescopes are combined, all these one, let's say it is on one continent, another project is not on the other. uh, in principle, the idea to unite the parent into a network was proposed , by the way, by the three soviet scientists matvienko kartashov shalomitsky back, in my opinion, in the sixties and the first observation between the ussr and the usa was carried out in much the same way, in general, well then they were stored, only on the ground, right? yes and now, of course, how much later? please explain, here is the whole structure of the modern project. well, roughly

speaking, i should probably say. why is this needed? why combine telescopes? here imagine a telescope, it seems, let's say a felberg. this is such a filisberg, this is a flisberg telescopic antenna, and such an antenna. we think it's interesting and so sharp-sighted. you may see something. here you can imagine a hundred-meter plate, for sure, small parts. would look at her. no, he sees not much better than the human eye. why? well, on the one hand it would seem a large telescope, more small power it has a good problem on the other. and what determines how small details we can see on the object, firstly, on the diameter. so, in general, we look at it. here we have a small eye, we see a little badly, yes, some kind of proud. the eagle has a larger pupil. he already sees better. if we didn’t know the size of a meter in our eyes, then we could generally see much finer details, but there is a second the problem is that this is our zorka depends on the wavelength at which we are looking, apparently, the range, everything is clear. and

they are radio waves how many times larger than the visible, right? many orders of magnitude? that is, if we have 550 m there, sorry, but here we have, uh, centimeters and even meters, so it turns out that yes, a large telescope is many times larger than an eye. well, the wavelength, which observes many times more than the eye. therefore, we see in the sky, only some are not much better than in general, we saw it with our eyes. it was the problem of radio astronomers was for a long time, outsiders, that's shameful, and then that's what soviet scientists suggested guys. look what we are doing, we are taking telescopes in different parts of the globe, combining them all and then, roughly speaking, the signals that come from them are added there in phase. so that they come, that is, we imitate, as it were, the surface of a giant plate the size of the earth. and here we are pointing this plate with the size of the earth at various, uh, interesting sources. and what happens? how many times such a plate you will be more vigilant as many times as many times the earth is larger than a single telescope. and this is called the technique of the terrible word razdb, radio interferometry, respectively, long bases, but the point is not

that the point is that we are thanks to this technique. uh, made radio astronomy a leader of infamy, and in 1919, for the first time , the event horizon telescope saw the shadow of a supermassive black hole. e in the core of another galaxy. that is, what size is this black speck one take. i don’t know, you see, we put it, for example, from the moon from the earth we look. seen from the same angle. here is this very shadow that was divided into a wonderful problem. what is the problem is that if we want and something more shallow to consider the earth is already starting to interfere with us. the earth cannot be more. this is the limit, so radio telescopes must be launched into space. by the way, the first such project was, again, russian, this is the radioastron telescope, which flew for this purpose, and in space, and in a very elongated orbit. he approached, then closer to the ground at a height, for example, as the international space station a little higher there 500 km. and actually at the farthest point of the orbit. it reached almost the orbit of the moon 350.000. that is , such an elongated one, and therefore he could see very well. here are some

interesting details black smoke, of course, could not see. there were other problems that were already clarified in the course of operation, which, it turns out, is on the bands on which the radio structure observed the not entirely transparent space there, here is the hot plasma. she distorts everything. and if the event taught this said. yep, they didn't succeed. we made the wavelength smaller and now the plasma will be transparent on it and everyone will see it. so again thanks to the radio astronomers these guys. as a result, we saw a black hole. you can say so at least now what projects do we have now, if we are talking about scientific russian cosmos, then here is the radio astronomer. this was the first of four projects of the so-called spectra of the universe. that is, we, uh, were supposed to start the spectrum and r is the radio astron radio range, then in the nineteenth year, uh in july, in my opinion, they launched the spektr rg - this is, accordingly, an x-ray telescope. even two telescopes at once were russian and, uh, german artexes are not rosita. now germany has turned off its own, so i bumped it a little in the version the following works

for us, which means that in the twenty-seventh or rather even the twenty -eighth, now different numbers are being announced , the uv spectrum, this is ultraviolet, well, there is a telescope with such a diameter of 1,7 m, which is still not bad for space , that is , he will observe, let's say, a hot universe, that is, objects have a temperature, which there are more than several tens of thousands of degrees. so the next thing we have is the most, probably the main most difficult project. well , it is precisely complex in terms of technical innovations that are applied in it. this is spectrum m such a modest name or millimetron. it's already that it's ten meters flying into space, but a mirror. well, or the antenna is there, like millimeter millimeter waves, that is, there, well, now the question is. it doesn't matter what you call it a mirror. here, in a complex form, 96 petals should open. here further means 10 m mirror and 20 m cooling system around this mirror, because the millimeter range - this is what it starts the anti-carrier. the angara, respectively , the fifth should do it all. and raise it. then it

flies quite far at a distance of 1.5 million km from the ground to the lagran point, while l2 will open. and this is a crooked tool. that is, it is not just a stylist that needs to be cooled down. yes, at very few james temperatures, in principle , it also cools, but there, how is it here, here is a system of five screens, well, somewhere up to 50 ° above absolutely zero, the mirror is cooled, and here it will be, otherwise, there will be four screens and the last one will be a crooked screen, along which there will be coolant for the circus. yes, for the mirror to be, well, somewhere around 20 kelvins in total, that is, 20 grams, because absolutely zero. yes, scientific instruments will be even colder. naturally. and so it turns out that we cool the telescope, and at the same time we get a huge sensitivity. we have a ten-meter mirror. that is, we can see a very dim object and at the same time the object is very small, and most importantly, this is a telescope. it has two working modes one, respectively. we will observe a very dim object, study the chemistry of space, observe complex organic molecules can appear in protostellar clouds. there you need to understand, in general, life, uh, began to take shape. here. uh,

let's say pre-biological molecules on the planets or you can already in space when the star systems were formed. that is, this is the goal of launching one of these one of the goals earlier the universe itself there ancient galaxies there, uh, elevators, you radiation there, like like this, how it looks like this is the first ancient photography, our universe well, when we look, the farther we look through the telescope, the more, let's say. the extreme region of the universe we respectively observe. here but this has a limit, and the limit is this very relic background. that is, roughly speaking, this is the moment when the universe became transparent to radiation; it was then about 380,000 years old. she was opaque. it was very in a non-bla-dense plasma, and then the plasma began to slowly cool down. and when the electron sat on the orbit to the proton, hydrogen was obtained. then the cosmos became a transparent echo of this. here are the events. we see it was 4,000°c then, uh, since then the universe has expanded

there by a factor of 1,000 something. here we have, so it turns out this is the temperature of the electrode. somewhere around two there, well, three kelvin that is, it can be seen, and it is very important to build maps in distributions from this liter fund, because well, in fact, this is the most ancient universe well, like a child's photograph oh, what a sweet lord yes, so that later it happens of course, the people here are also looking at our we look at the infant universe, what is happening with it now and, perhaps, we are trying to imagine. what yes, why, of course, that is. we must somehow understand, this is how it develops, uh, and what will happen to her next. and why do we need this , we want to understand how the universe will be with us somehow further. uh, how will it develop, that we are waiting for the heat death of the universe, a big gap , or is it all back, all this globally. and most importantly, closer interesting. well, it's interesting, at least. and then again, that is, space, but i always really like me quotation that the cosmos is a laboratory for the poor, that is, roughly speaking, the universe is experimenting with colossal energies with powerful magnetic fields there, densities of very large very small low or

high temperatures. we will not be able to do this for 1,000 years on earth. and then someone will become an experiment. you need to peep with telescopes to understand what they are doing there? and it is possible to apply it somehow later in practice already here, someone has already done everything for us, well, we don’t need such super complex laboratories. here is one task for the parties, probably in this, but what projects are in the near future? well, of course, in russia there is space. well, let's do it this way, if the closest one, then this year should finally fly to 25, as well. that is, we are in the seventy-sixth year, we did not fly to the moon, luna 24, in my opinion, was finished. yes, so londo 24 she brought the soil. and that's actually all, and now it is necessary because it is already clear that there are no people who thought it then. i'm not retired already, that is, i need to re-learn how to land vehicles on the moon. and it will be in area of ​​the south pole landing. that is, we have not done this yet, we should try it at all, and from this, by the way, the design of the device is quite interesting. it has a complex battery in any way. here we are used to looking at all these

blenders. uh, that is, they are not horizontal , it may be vertical around it, that is, because da does not rise degrees, so, in general, the batteries are needed vertically. that is, it is growing this year, this year it will sit down, it has a manipulator with a ladle. maybe there from thirty centimeters e dig out. e that we will bring the land no on earth. here you will not bring, it will only be analyzed on the spot. and luna 26. it will be an orbiter until the next one, and here, then, moon, 27, is another lander. but, well, on the 28th it is already planned to return the soil to the ground. i don’t know when it will be, most likely, the deadlines may be shifted, but for now , uh, that is, only after three vehicles, it turns out that we will bring soil to the ground. it's no longer not coming. yes, but nevertheless, that is, practice, it is interesting, but recently the chinese brought soil to the ground. yes in this matter very quickly there. yes, they continue.

this year, by the way, again, uh, china, he completed his space station now for the money, eh, but there is another module planned, which in my opinion is also quite interesting, they plan to launch a space telescope, and their chinese is called station is not exactly called ussr for everyone. who finds it difficult to pronounce chinese names. that is, tea with uh, something there is a space telescope, which means it will not dock. why because the station? haunted on it only by auto like them call themselves? yes, that is, they are shaking this station, where the life support system is running oxygen. and it'll shake the telescope and it won't see well, so what they decide, and the telescope is on the same orbit some distance from the herd and yes, yes, watching uh, that's all it takes if maintenance needs to be repaired replace the detector. something else means there, respectively, the telescope to the manipulators, is attracted to the station and docks. now they are going out to carry out these replacements and back

the telescope began side by side. here's a plan real and it's also very cool, because now the problem with the hubble. well, as far as we are grandfathers, the hub for 30 years, probably, flew under repair, the largest orbit of the shuttle, as long as they could, as long as they could, that is, there were five launches to the hubble. here, and now we have , let's say, so that it turns out that the shuttles no longer fly. uh, now they don’t suggest all these american ships. here are similar missions, the maximum promised. i say i can hawal. push up, because the hubble does not have its own engines and because of friction, a the upper layers of the atmosphere. it loses speed and decreases a little, so there is a plan to throw it upstairs, but in case of a breakdown, there is nothing to be done. here, but the chinese still have it in this regard, the station has a telescope. here is the project. yes, a little less interesting. the hubble will be two meters in diameter, but it will have a large field of view, that is, it will work over the area. i would like to talk about the habitability of space, if we have any

prospects, because many people ask me at a meeting why we fly into space? well, of course, i say, we do various space experiments. that is, those experiments that are just in the conditions of the earth. well there gravity is either impossible to make them only possible in space. why do it? i'm starting to look ahead like a science fiction writer. eh, practical, i say that you know , sooner or later it will become so much on earth that the earth will not physically be able to feed. we don't want to have to colonize other planets, well, on this theory uh, planets tells and so on. that's what our telescopes will help us with, in general, all this studying because they look so far away, so, well, by the way, there in my mind. uh, i think we need to colonize after all, not the planet, probably, asteroids. because when we land on the planet, we again land in the same gravity well. but we spent so much energy to get so much fuel out of it, it took us an asteroid. he. well, it weighs almost nothing, yes, but if asteroids and, let's say, with

volatile substances, where there are a lot of all sorts of gases, and there are organics that can be useful to eat. uh, stone there are some silicates there or there, but something carbon. and there are, for example, asteroids, where there are iron ones, where there are a lot of metals. that is, it would seem that all you need is the story of asteroids. you don't need to land on the planet europeans, yes , yes, yes. the only problem with the asteroid was not answered, then a couple of days later. i was just flying during the time when the harpoons that were supposed to work didn’t work, but to cling, so it turned out like that. here he sat down. they knew that they would work, because it was clear there that the test on the ground was conducting this the system there, in my opinion, should have been undermined, and the charge and the harpoon should have been fired. and in general. they seemed to be in conditions. this explosion was not carried out, it was clear that everything was bad, so the touch was fixed on the apparatus. hurray half an hour later sat down again and the poor unfortunate. he rode along this comet until they entered some kind of crevice. yes, he came into his own. he said guys up , i'm sitting with my feet, look how interesting, but

the problem is that there was little sunlight, which was calculated finished off, so he, alas, lost his energy and did not have enough to continue. this, of course , is the only problem, in my opinion, such a serious colonization of asteroids, because their gravity is weak, so we can reach them, but slow down. it is already more difficult, therefore, here are the missions, when we do not fly by an asteroid, but fly towards it, they last. well, i don't know, it's been there for a few years. we 're just taxiing to it to come up with a very small delta-tv, that is, at a low speed, so as not to fly past, but there is about talking about life. well, there is such a thing as a life zone, a habitable zone. well, in general, roughly speaking, the earth also has its own zone of life. here we live with you on the surface, and above 5,000 , probably, six meters there or there , oxygen starvation blows the roof off all sorts of bad things, and so on, the second zone of life, oh, which is most often said to be the zone around the stars. that is, this is the distance between the planet and the star, uh, at which the planet receives enough heat to we could count liquid water, that is, not

too much, not too much. little so that's the problem, what, what do we want to find a planet? what is the name of the second earth, that the planet was terrestrial mass at the star, but which is similar to the sun here in this very zone habitable. it is extremely difficult to do this. why because we have like the more planets and the closer the planet to its star, the easier it is to detect it, therefore, when the first time they began to discover outside the solar planets, they began to discover some kind of game in our orbit. so the star jupiter rotates with a period of a few days. well, what kind of nonsense? well , peter can't be that close to his star either. it's probably some sort of data error. but when there were already hundreds of such planets, it turned out that they were not. this is not a data error. somehow we really see these hottest jupiters. someone began to say, guys like that, probably our solar system. she is unique. and all over space these hot jupiters. no, there are very few of them, only 2%. eat. yes, but there is, but 2% of all stars. well , it's just that they are very easy to detect with our methods, that's why we find them. that is, we

we are looking for the keys under the lantern, because it is light where mine was lost. like this, and what problem is revealed to the earth anomaly what if there are two main ways how the planet notices either when the planet passes between us as a star? and slightly extinguishes the light of the star a little literally. here we can notice this, either the star will sit down on the planet, and the planet will attract the star, because of which the star will sway like this, and we can also notice this rolling, but the best way, of course. find when planet passes between us as a star, what is the problem it will pass once we discovered it. no, we didn't find it. it can be anything noise there problems with the detector sometimes wait at least 3-5 times so that this is the period. can you borrow? yes, a decade, well, in general , before confirming, in order for this to be confirmed, we need at least, well, a few problems. i heard that the second planet. this is just what was written recently. yes, but not like this. it is found in stars smaller than the sun is dimmer. there, the habitable zone

is closer and the year on the planet lasts less, which are in the habitable zone. we can walk there, but the problem with these stars is that they are very active. that is, our sun is a star more or less calm, and there occurs, er, flashes similar to a flash in the nose in the sun, but much more powerful and therefore now it is completely incomprehensible. but can a planet for billions of years have such a complex life that constantly bombards it there, heats it up with particles and ultraviolet radiation. can she keep her atmosphere or are they so lifeless planets without an atmosphere completely, but in habitable zones it is not yet clear that the james telescope should show this, therefore, until recently, it was like that we knew the only directly full-fledged second earth. this, in my opinion, is kepler 452 b planet, but now an article seems to be coming out that says no, guys. this is mistake. this is a statistical error. this is not a planet so the second earth. we don't know yet. four components

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disrupted . outside the earth. well, here we go again same, that is, we need so we need to find a calm star, so, uh, more or less, like the sun. and that the planet was in the habitable zone is another problem. now we are talking, as it were, hierarchically. we have, it means the earth and its own habitable zone, there is a star, and it has a habitable zone, but it turns out to be in our galactic milky way. perhaps, too, not all places are equally suitable for life. a couple of decades ago , such a concept appeared. the galactic habitat zone, what's the problem here? oh, the higher we run to the center of the galaxy star density. and if the stars are located closer to each other, in the first place more often, close supernova explosions can occur when old stars explode for us. this is not

very good, plus when the stars approach each other at some distance they approach each other. they will revolt, comet clouds, around the planet comets begin to rush. here is the central region. again, bad for life, dinosaurs will not let you lie, but on the other hand. if we move away, for example, lower to the center of the galaxy , let's, we are on the outskirts, let's live where there? well, stars are not so densely supernovae, there are no dangerous ones there. there is another problem, because life needs what else is needed, so that there is chemical diversity, because there are many chemical elements that will then be directly processed into your living good example, but the ocean that runs to the desert, except for these rift faults. where do they come from under the ground? all these enriched eh? all these waters and here you are , black smokers, all these underwater oases. there is a life that is in the dark. here in this lives eternal, and then everything is a desert. why because there is chemical diversity and here on the outskirts of the galaxy apparently, the chemical diversity is lower, because stars

are born there more slowly, which means they do not have time to produce a lot of elements heavier than hydrogen and helium, therefore, it turns out to be bad in the center, because it is dangerous outside is bad, because that there is nothing to eat, our moscow, our moscow that is , it turns out the most, well, it’s clear that the center is not very outskirts. well, everything else is on the outskirts of the kadyshe. well it turns out the galaxy is admissible. she is at we are going along the moscow ring road, this habitable zone is somewhere, probably, it’s a little further than the third ring road. well, let's say i don't know the subway . yes, yes, yes, in our galaxy alone yes, well, yes, you can not know, well, i mean, like the earth. well, while we do not know such planets in other planets. here is the problem of this concept, what is it that the stars in the relax, they still do not just move in circular orbits, they can approach, closer to the center they can move away, and then star formation in the galaxy.

that is, we used to imagine that stars are evenly born, it turns out not, our stars may stop being born altogether, then there is a sharp flash of a star of formation, for example, our galaxy ate a horse, a small neighboring galaxy received more gas for itself and went to give birth to a star, and it always eat someone. here is our galaxy, gluttonous constantly eats small galaxy has life. well, we have here on earth, yes, it’s not difficult to find land. difficulty one question, when i speak, will i go over something such, well, ufo if the astronauts have a protocol, how it works with an oncoming puncture, so it’s not interesting to eat that there are no such protocols, it’s a pity, here are the astronomers. they also ask me if i saw anything. and i saw a lot. but how do i see that well, somewhere else life is different. here usually they say that about ufo yes, that it is an unidentified flying object. i see that i don’t know what it is like an unidentified person. i'm late guys. honestly , well, there was one who was not late and after a lapse, maybe even a few years, i recognized it. what is it? i actually saw. here for example, there was such a system, but, in my opinion,

the americans have reconnaissance satellites, they fly in threes. here i somehow remember, i look outside there were these three satellites. i think wow satellites shoal or fly. what is it? moreover, they form such a right-angled triangle. that is, i'm such a figure hmm artificial. i think wow . well, that doesn't happen. so what is elo? do not know what is not just an object, and then years later found out. so it turns out that there are such satellites three by three, they are flying. well okay a about life, the question, of course, is interesting, because on the one hand, we know that life formed quite quickly on earth, but we still do not have any data on how common this phenomenon is in the universe, because, roughly speaking, we have one point on the graph we have our planet. through it, you can carry out many functions. here we have at least one more point to put, so that at least it becomes clear. that's the question everyone cares about is life. on mars there is no life on mars skills. this is very still unknown. here's hoping that in the next decade, after all, we will understand something, because

mars has its own oddities, there are these so-called methane anomalies, which may not be connected with life in any way, but what the hell is not joking or , for example, there are also oddities on venus the so -called ultraviolet absorber in the clouds, that is, the appearance of clouds in ultraviolet color changes very quickly. and now it is not clear what it is that absorbs the ultraviolet and a proposal was made. it's out of many that it's possible some kind of cloudy plankton life forms that are out there. downstairs is very hot about the clouds. the temperature is right there. we need blocks. eh, well, just like here we would seem in this situation. if there was water there, even a little bit, maybe someone would want water. yes, there is sulfuric acid with this, it is more and more difficult to defend against it, alas, but nevertheless. now, if we find something, at least it will probably be clear, but in connection with this , another problem arises. and the fact is that we do not see aliens. we do not see their traces in space. and if you imagine a very highly developed civilization, then, well,

it is very difficult to hide the high energy consumption, most likely, according to the spectrum, something will be strange with these stars. uh, we should notice it, we don't see it. let's have a question. if it is common, and it is likely to develop. that is, if it exists, then it will become cellular, then it will become cellular, then intelligent, then further, because we know that all living forms fill all available niches. so, when you and i are reasonable, sooner or later we will break so much that we can colonize the sose. and stars further we know what the system has found it is much younger than the galaxy yes, there is a galaxy more than two times older than our sleepy system. so, probably, someone had to be born much earlier than us and already colonize everything, because if hmm, even the speeds we have remain approximately accessible to us. well, there, well, well, 15 km / s. yes, here we are during this time for 100 million years , anyway colonize most of the galaxy shows most of the models. that's the question then. where are they? and here is

the scary concept of the great filter, that, perhaps there is something destroying civilization. it's just that we don't know yet what we're seeing, there 's a lot of room for speculation here. can not understand anything. you need to study for this you need astronomy. can you help predict just the threat that space is coming? the fact is that hollywood has taught everyone to be afraid of a meteorite, but , oddly enough , we already know more of the near-earth and dangerous objects. uh, when is the next one to wait for the next one? well, here we have asteroite apop, the office will arrive in the twenty- ninth year, it will fly by. uh, it's 300 m it means that such a potato will fly by. it is even closer to us than geosonic satellites fly. here, but someone, well, no, he is so a little different angle. uh, satellites do not use geostar satellites. well, thank god it won't hurt. there is another problem, which means at first, when his orbit was poorly known, there were fears that he would still collide with us, and only when you clarified the orbit said no, thank god it flew by,

but the next such unpleasant guest who is known. this is already the second half of 2100. this is the asteroid ben no, to which we were now flying on the asia spacecraft from rex, they took about the ground. at the end of this year, it should be delivered to the ground to see what the second of this is. yes, most likely, it is also not very scary, there is a possibility of a collision, small, but, nevertheless, again, there is a lot of time to prepare and somehow beat it off from us , what can we do? what is more dangerous in my opinion? esteroids are our sun with you, because solar flares sometimes occur on the sun and there are a lot of interesting effects associated with them. so i remember that when this powerful solar flare happened in 1989, when the province of quebec in canada was left without electricity for 12 hours, all the transformers burned out there, because of the flare. well, already because of the consequences of the outbreak , that is, the emission of solar matter arrives at us , a very powerful magnetic storm begins , a very large current is induced in the electrical circuits, and

the transformer, but it has an operating mode when the built current begins to act is violated. in general, everything was just on fire there. just then there was a shuttle, i don’t remember which one, i don’t remember what was in orbit there. well, in general, there are astronauts. yes, they are hiding. uh, in my opinion, the very back. uh, the shuttle was turned around like this so that the radiation would sink. yes. they described that flashes are observed in the eyes, that is, you close your eyes, close your eyes, the flashes remain with these particles. they somehow interact with the retina. well, usually before going to bed, when you go to bed, if there is a flash in the sun, and astronauts report to us when big flashes, but not to be frightened, on the contrary, uh, because u appears at the poles with us, uh, aurora, that is , uh, as we say in the northern lights, but it doesn’t matter, it’s the northern yes aurora and we get time we are told, even when it happens, when we can take beautiful pictures on the dark side to show people on earth as from space. what a beautiful aurora, so that we, on the contrary, are waiting,

when the astronaut is yes, but as research shows, too powerful flashes can sometimes occur on the sun. here most probably known here in historical observations. this is an event for the ringtone. this is 18509 . that is, it was the first flash that someone saw with their eyes. yes, the ringtone watched the sun is projected onto the screen. and then he suddenly saw that there was a group of five, it was a huge pay. it is very large on the sun and suddenly there is something like this . such a double stretched between them, what is it like. at first he thought, maybe under the screen with which he covered the sun. yes, they moved the brackets , this flash moved along with it, which means no, it's in the sun. here he described. so that means, i ran there, sketched it quickly, ran to look for someone. so whoever looks with him will confirm that he is not crazy. so, when he came with people, it was already barely visible there, that is, it literally went out almost completely in 5 minutes, but they watched her with him. there , several more people confirmed that it was. and after 18 hours

, this one collapsed on the ground. here is a very powerful stream of particles, that is, the polarity of the aurora were. well, if the data that from cuba and yes, yes almost yes, almost all, as it were, zavolokno. i describe it so vividly, so, uh, prospectors of the rocky mountains, it means in the usa, uh, it became so bright outside the window someone got up and went to prepare the guys tomorrow, everything is already done. well, we didn't get enough sleep. yes, what to do? here is the telegraph again. uh, there was already a telegraph and a global one then, but there were already networks, and here, again, there is a description that , being disconnected from the battery, telegraphy could work due to induced currents. here are the wires, only he is bill telegraphers. yes, these were the problems. uh, here again there have been studies to happen to us now. if the event repeats, well, usually in the usa, it checks for itself. they said what it meant to us was damage to our economy. at least two trillion dollars, so there was a recovery time there.